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El. knyga: Astrophysics of Black Holes: From Fundamental Aspects to Latest Developments

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This book discusses the state of the art of the basic theoretical and observational topics related to black hole astrophysics. It covers all the main topics in this wide field, from the theory of accretion disks and formation mechanisms of jet and outflows, to their observed electromagnetic spectrum, and attempts to measure the spin of these objects. Black holes are one of the most fascinating predictions of general relativity and are currently a very hot topic in both physics and astrophysics. In the last five years there have been significant advances in our understanding of these systems, and in the next five years it should become possible to use them to test fundamental physics, in particular to predict the general relativity in the strong field regime. The book is both a reference work for researchers and a textbook for graduate students.







 

Recenzijos

A perfect volume for young scientists starting their research in a field of astrophysics of black holes. The book presents very deep and broad knowledge on the topic, in a well-written form, which can easily be understood by the reader. It is also very good position for more advanced scientists as well. (Hubert Siejkowski, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol 175, 2018)

1 Black Hole Accretion Discs
1(60)
Jean-Pierre Lasota
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Disc-Driving Mechanism; Viscosity
3(2)
1.2.1 The α-Prescription
4(1)
1.3 Geometrically Thin Keplerian Discs
5(15)
1.3.1 Disc Vertical Structure
5(3)
1.3.2 Disc Radial Structure
8(3)
1.3.3 Self-gravity
11(1)
1.3.4 Stationary Discs
12(3)
1.3.5 Radiative Structure
15(3)
1.3.6 Shakura--Sunyaev Solution
18(2)
1.4 Disc Instabilities
20(13)
1.4.1 The Thermal Instability
20(1)
1.4.2 Thermal Equilibria: The S-Curve
21(3)
1.4.3 Irradiation and Black Hole X-Ray Transients
24(6)
1.4.4 Maximum Accretion Rate and Decay Timescale
30(1)
1.4.5 Comparison with Observations
31(2)
1.5 Black Holes and Advection of Energy
33(7)
1.5.1 Advection-Dominated-Accretion-Flow Toy Models
34(6)
1.6 Accretion Discs in Kerr Spacetime
40(10)
1.6.1 Kerr Black Holes
40(4)
1.6.2 Privileged Observers
44(1)
1.6.3 The Ergosphere
45(1)
1.6.4 Equatorial Plane
45(5)
1.7 Accretion Flows in the Kerr Spacetime
50(2)
1.7.1 Kinematic Relations
50(1)
1.7.2 Description of Accreting Matter
51(1)
1.8 Slim-Disc Equations in Kerr Geometry
52(3)
1.8.1 Mass Conservation Equation
52(1)
1.8.2 Equation of Angular Momentum Conservation
53(1)
1.8.3 Equation of Momentum Conservation
53(1)
1.8.4 Equation of Energy Conservation
54(1)
1.8.5 Equation of Vertical Balance of Forces
55(1)
1.9 The Sonic Point and the Boundary Conditions
55(6)
1.9.1 The "No-Torque Condition"
55(4)
References
59(2)
2 Transient Black Hole Binaries
61(38)
Tomaso M. Belloni
Sara E. Motta
2.1 Introduction
61(2)
2.2 X-ray Emission
63(15)
2.2.1 Energy Spectra
67(2)
2.2.2 Fast Time Variability
69(6)
2.2.3 Long-Term Time Evolution
75(3)
2.3 Radio/IR Emission
78(4)
2.3.1 Radio Jets
78(2)
2.3.2 Accretion--Ejection
80(2)
2.4 Winds and Outflows
82(3)
2.4.1 Accretion Disc Winds and Atmospheres
83(1)
2.4.2 Winds Launching Mechanism
84(1)
2.5 The Full Accretion--Ejection Picture
85(3)
2.6 Conclusions
88(11)
References
89(10)
3 Black Hole Spin: Theory and Observation
99(54)
M. Middleton
3.1 Preface
99(1)
3.2 Useful Theory
100(8)
3.2.1 Frame-Dragging
103(5)
3.3 Observational Tests of Spin I---the Energy Spectral Domain
108(30)
3.3.1 Modelling the Continuum (Disc) Spectrum
108(7)
3.3.2 Modelling the Reflection Spectrum
115(10)
3.3.3 Results: BHBs
125(6)
3.3.4 Results: AGN
131(4)
3.3.5 Implications: Powering of Ballistic Jets
135(3)
3.3.6 Implications: Retrograde Spins?
138(1)
3.4 Observational Tests of Spin II---The Time Domain and Relativistic Precession Model
138(3)
3.5 Observational Tests of Spin III---The Energy--Time Domain
141(2)
3.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Approaches
143(10)
References
144(9)
4 Winds from Black Hole Accretion Flows: Formation and Their Interaction with ISM
153(16)
Feng Yuan
4.1 Introduction
153(1)
4.2 Formation of Wind from a Hot Accretion Flow
154(10)
4.2.1 Brief History of Study of Wind from Hot Accretion Flows
155(2)
4.2.2 Main Properties of Winds
157(5)
4.2.3 Acceleration Mechanism of Wind and Disk Jet
162(1)
4.2.4 Why Do Winds Exist?
163(1)
4.3 Interaction of Winds with Interstellar Medium: The Formation of the Fermi Bubbles
164(2)
4.4 Summary
166(3)
References
167(2)
5 A Brief Review of Relativistic Gravitational Collapse
169(30)
Daniele Malafarina
5.1 Introduction
169(2)
5.2 Einstein's Equations for the Collapsing Interior
171(5)
5.2.1 Co-moving Coordinates
171(2)
5.2.2 Misner--Sharp Mass
173(1)
5.2.3 Einstein's Equations
174(2)
5.3 Matching with an Exterior Metric
176(2)
5.4 Regularity, Scaling, and Energy Conditions
178(5)
5.4.1 Regularity and Scaling
178(4)
5.4.2 Energy Conditions
182(1)
5.4.3 Shell Crossing Singularities
183(1)
5.5 Trapped Surfaces and Singularities
183(3)
5.6 Homogeneous Solutions
186(2)
5.6.1 Apparent Horizon and Singularity
188(1)
5.7 Inhomogeneous Dust and Collapse with Pressures
188(5)
5.8 Collapse in Astrophysics
193(1)
5.9 Concluding Remarks
194(5)
References
196(3)
Appendix A General Relativity in a Nutshell 199
Editor: Prof. Cosimo Bambi is currently Xie Xide Junior Chair Professor at the Department of Physics of Fudan University, in Shanghai. He received the PhD from Ferrara University (Italy) in 2007. He was a postdoc at Wayne State University (Michigan), at IPMU at The University of Tokyo (Japan), at LMU Munich (Germany). He has published about 90 research papers and has more than 2,000 citations. His H-index is 29.





Chapter authors: 

Jean-Pierre LASOTA HIRSZOWICZ is Directeur de Recherche Emerite; Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris. He has 240 scientific publications and 7170 citations by Jan. 2014. 

Tomaso Belloni is "Primo Ricercatore" at INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera since 1999. He published 566 articles (262 on refereed journals) with 10,606 citations. His H-index is 47. He is referee of all major international astronomical journals.  Matthew Middleton is currently Ernest Rutherford STFC Fellow at the IoA, University ofCambridge. He has published 45 articles with H-index of 17. 



Feng Yuan is a professor and the director of Research Center for Galaxy and Cosmology,  Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. He has published more than 60 journal articles, and the total citations are more than 2000.   

Daniele Malafarina is currently assistant professor at the School of Science and Technology of Nazarbayev University, Astana (Kazakhstan). He has published over 30 articles, including an invited review article.
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