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1 | (10) |
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1.1 The Problem of "Structural Noise" |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.3.1 Radiation Doses in Contrast Mammography |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Current Research and Future Considerations |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (26) |
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2.1 Final Assessment Categories and Management |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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2.3 Background Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE) |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (20) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (6) |
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2.4.3 Non-mass Enhancement (NME) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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2.4.5 Architectural Distortion |
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25 | (10) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (86) |
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3.1 Inconclusive Findings in Conventional Breast Imaging |
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37 | (14) |
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3.1.1 Assessment of Calcifications |
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37 | (14) |
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51 | (20) |
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51 | (7) |
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58 | (6) |
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64 | (7) |
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3.3 Evaluation of Patients with Unknown Primary Cancer |
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71 | (11) |
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71 | (6) |
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77 | (5) |
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82 | (1) |
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3.4 Assessment of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy |
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82 | (19) |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (11) |
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98 | (3) |
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3.5 Post-operative Follow-Up |
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101 | (6) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (2) |
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3.6 Use of CEM for High and Indeterminate Risk Screening |
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107 | (10) |
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107 | (8) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (4) |
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3.7.1 General Information/Clinical Presentation |
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117 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Recombined Images Analysis |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (64) |
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123 | (5) |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Case 3 Inflamed Cyst |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (4) |
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4.2.1 Case 1 Fibrocystic Changes |
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128 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Case 2 Fibrocystic Changes |
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129 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Case 3 Complex Sclerosing Nodule |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (17) |
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4.4.1 Case 1 Fibroadenoma |
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134 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Case 2 Fibroadenoma |
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137 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Case 3 Right Fibroadenoma with Left IDC |
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137 | (7) |
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4.4.4 Case 4 Left Breast Fibroadenoma |
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144 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Case 5 Multiple Fibroadenomas |
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145 | (6) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (3) |
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4.6.1 Another Case of Stromal Fibrosis with Different CEM Appearance |
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155 | (1) |
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4.7 Perilobular Haemangioma |
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156 | (2) |
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4.8 Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) |
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158 | (2) |
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4.9 Inflammatory Diseases of the Breast |
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160 | (24) |
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4.9.1 Case 1 Non-specific Mastitis |
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161 | (4) |
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4.9.2 Case 2 Acute Suppurative Inflammatory Pathology |
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165 | (4) |
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4.9.3 Case 3 Productive Sclerotic Inflammation |
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169 | (4) |
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173 | (3) |
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4.9.5 Case 5 Chronic Inflammatory Changes |
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176 | (1) |
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4.9.6 Case 6 Granulomatous Mastitis |
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177 | (4) |
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4.9.7 Case 7 Granulomatous Lymphadenitis |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (56) |
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5.1 Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH) |
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187 | (6) |
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5.1.1 Case 1 Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH) |
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187 | (5) |
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5.1.2 Case 2 Proliferating Breast Disease with Atypia and Papillary Lesion |
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192 | (1) |
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5.2 Lobular Neoplasia (LN) |
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193 | (27) |
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5.2.1 Case 1 Lobular Neoplasia (LN) |
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197 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Case 2 Lobular Intraepithelial Neoplasia (LN) |
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200 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Case 3 Classical Lobular Neoplasia (LN) |
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205 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Case 4 Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) |
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207 | (6) |
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5.2.5 Case 5 Lobular Carcinoma in Situ, Classic Type |
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213 | (7) |
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220 | (12) |
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5.3.1 Case 1 Papilloma Without Atypia |
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221 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Case 2 Complex Cystic Mass: Papilloma |
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222 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Case 3 Intraductal Papillomas |
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222 | (5) |
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5.3.4 Case 4 Intraductal Papilloma |
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227 | (3) |
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5.3.5 Case 5 Intraductal Papilloma |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (7) |
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235 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Case 2 Borderline Phyllodes |
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236 | (5) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (122) |
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6.1 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) |
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243 | (8) |
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6.1.1 Case 1 High-Grade DCIS |
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243 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Case 2 High-Grade DCIS |
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244 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Case 3 High-Grade DCIS |
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245 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Case 4 High-Grade DCIS |
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246 | (5) |
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6.2 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) |
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251 | (47) |
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6.2.1 Case 1 IDC with DCIS and ADH |
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252 | (5) |
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6.2.2 Case 2 Right: DCIS Solid and Papillary Type; Left: IDC |
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257 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Case 3 Left IDC + Extensive DCIS; Right: Multifocal Low-Grade DCIS |
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260 | (8) |
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6.2.4 Case 4 IDC, Papillary Lesion, Fibrocystic Disease |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (4) |
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272 | (5) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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6.2.9 Case 9 Multifocal Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) and DCIS |
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280 | (5) |
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6.2.10 Case 10 IDC and DCIS |
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285 | (1) |
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6.2.11 Case 11 IDC and DCIS |
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286 | (1) |
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6.2.12 Case 12 Invasive Breast Carcinoma |
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287 | (4) |
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6.2.13 Case 13 Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) |
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291 | (6) |
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6.2.14 Case 14 Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type (NST) |
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297 | (1) |
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6.3 Malignant Change: Tubular Carcinoma |
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298 | (5) |
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6.4 Malignant Change: Papillary Carcinoma |
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303 | (17) |
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6.4.1 Case 1 Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma |
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303 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Case 2 Ductal Carcinoma with Encapsulated Papillary Components |
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304 | (6) |
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6.4.3 Case 3 Papillary Carcinoma |
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310 | (4) |
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6.4.4 Case 4 IDC, Papillary Type |
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314 | (2) |
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6.4.5 Case 5 Right: IDC Solid Papillary Type; Left: IDC Mucinous Type |
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316 | (4) |
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6.5 Malignant Change: IDC, Mucinous Carcinoma |
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320 | (13) |
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6.5.1 Case 1 Mucinous Carcinoma |
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321 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Case 2 Mucinous Carcinoma |
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322 | (3) |
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6.5.3 Case 3 Mucinous Carcinoma |
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325 | (3) |
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6.5.4 Case 4 Mucinous Carcinoma |
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328 | (4) |
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6.5.5 Case 5 Mucinous Carcinoma with Axillary Metastases |
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332 | (1) |
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6.6 Malignant Change: Medullary Carcinoma |
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333 | (2) |
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6.6.1 Medullary Carcinoma |
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334 | (1) |
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6.7 Malignant Change: IDC, Apocrine Type |
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335 | (1) |
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6.7.1 Case 1 Apocrine Carcinoma |
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335 | (1) |
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6.8 Malignant Change: Invasive Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine Differentiation |
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336 | (2) |
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6.8.1 Case 1 IDC with Neuroendocrine Differentiation |
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336 | (2) |
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6.9 Malignant Change: Inflammatory Carcinoma |
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338 | (1) |
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6.9.1 Case 1 Inflammatory Carcinoma |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (4) |
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6.10.1 Case 1 Paget's Disease |
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341 | (1) |
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6.11 Malignant Changes: Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) |
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342 | (14) |
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6.11.1 Case 1 Low-Grade Lobular Carcinoma |
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343 | (1) |
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6.11.2 Case 2 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma |
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344 | (4) |
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6.11.3 Case 3 Extensive Lobular |
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348 | (4) |
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6.11.4 Case 4 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Presented as "Shrinking Breast" |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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6.11.6 Case 6 Invasive Lobular Carcinoma |
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353 | (1) |
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6.11.7 Case 7 Multicentric ILC |
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354 | (2) |
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6.12 Malignant Changes: Metaplastic Carcinoma |
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356 | (3) |
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6.12.1 Malignant Changes: Metaplastic Carcinoma with High-Grade Sarcomatoid Neoplasm |
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357 | (2) |
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6.13 Malignant Changes: Cystosarcoma Phyllodes |
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359 | (1) |
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6.13.1 Case 1 Cystosarcoma Phyllodes |
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359 | (1) |
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6.14 Malignant Changes: Spindle Cell Carcinoma |
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360 | (1) |
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6.14.1 Case 1 Spindle Cell Tumour |
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360 | (1) |
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6.15 Malignant Changes: Metastases |
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361 | (2) |
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6.15.1 Case 1 Metastases from Neuroendocrine Tumour |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (52) |
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7.1 Artefacts Visible in Both CEM and FFDM Images |
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365 | (6) |
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7.1.1 Case 1 Motion Artefact |
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365 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Case 2 Hair Artefact |
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365 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Case 3 Antiperspirant |
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366 | (3) |
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7.1.4 Case 4 Air-Trapping |
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369 | (2) |
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7.2 Contrast-Related Factors |
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371 | (2) |
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371 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Retention of Contrast in Blood Vessels |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (22) |
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7.3.1 Breast Within Breast |
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373 | (4) |
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377 | (6) |
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383 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Cutaneous Keratoses |
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385 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Negative Contrast Artefact |
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386 | (9) |
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395 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Limitation: Prosthesis |
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395 | (5) |
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7.4.2 Limitation: Posterior Masses |
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400 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Limitation: Lymph Nodes |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Case 1 Post-biopsy Changes Mimicking Malignant Enhancement-False Positive |
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400 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Case 2 Lobular Carcinoma with Negative CEM and Positive MRI-False Negative |
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402 | (1) |
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7.6 Background Parenchymal Enhancement |
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402 | (14) |
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7.6.1 Background Parenchymal Enhancement |
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406 | (5) |
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7.6.2 Marked Background Parenchymal Enhancement |
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411 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Worse BPE on Second Week Compared with Third Week |
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411 | (5) |
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416 | (1) |
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8 Intervention and Post-intervention Changes |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (8) |
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8.1.1 General Information/Clinical Presentation |
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417 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Mammography Analysis |
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417 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Recombined Images Analysis |
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417 | (6) |
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423 | (1) |
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8.1.5 CEM Biopsy Guidance Technique |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (2) |
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8.2 Foreign Body Granuloma |
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425 | (4) |
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429 | (5) |
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430 | (2) |
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432 | (2) |
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8.4 Post-biopsy Haematoma |
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434 | (1) |
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8.4.1 Case 1 Post-biopsy Haematoma |
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434 | (1) |
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8.5 Recurrent Invasive Malignancy |
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435 | (5) |
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438 | (2) |
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440 | (1) |
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8.6 Breast Cancer Infiltration of Dermal Stroma |
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440 | (12) |
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8.6.1 Case 1 Breast Cancer Infiltration of Dermal Stroma |
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440 | (3) |
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8.6.2 Case 2 Breast Cancer Infiltration of Dermal Stroma |
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443 | (9) |
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452 | |
Correction to: Atlas of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography |
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1 | (452) |
Index |
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453 | |