Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Atmosphere, Weather and Climate [Minkštas viršelis]

3.90/5 (27 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Colorado, USA), (University of Colorado at Boulder, USA)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 532 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 990 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 336 Line drawings, color; 34 Halftones, color; 370 Illustrations, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Sep-2009
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415465702
  • ISBN-13: 9780415465700
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Atmosphere, Weather and ClimateDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 532 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x189 mm, weight: 990 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 336 Line drawings, color; 34 Halftones, color; 370 Illustrations, color
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Sep-2009
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415465702
  • ISBN-13: 9780415465700
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Kitos knygos iš šio išskirtinio pasiūlymo: Taylor & Francis siūlo daug technologijos knygų ISE (International Student Edition) kainomis
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780415465700.html
Raktažodžiai:
This book presents a comprehensive introduction to weather processes and climatic conditions around the world, their observed variability and changes, and projected future trends. Extensively revised and updated, this ninth edition retains its tried and tested structure while incorporating recent advances in the field. From clear explanations of the basic physical and chemical principles of the atmosphere, to descriptions of regional climates and their changes, the book presents a comprehensive coverage of global meteorology and climatology. In this new edition the latest scientific ideas are again expressed in a clear, non-mathematical matter.

New features include:











extended and updated treatment of atmospheric models





final chapter on climate variability and change has been completely rewritten to take account of the IPCC 2007 scientific assessment.





new four-colour text design featuring over 30 colour plates





over 360 diagrams have been redrawn in full colour to improve clarity and aid understanding.

Atmosphere, Weather and Climate continues to be an indispensable source for all those studying the earths atmosphere and world climate, whether from environmental and earth sciences, geography, ecology, agriculture, hydrology, or related disciplinary perspectives. Its pedagogic value is enhanced by several features: learning points at the opening of each chapter and discussion topics at their ending, boxes on topical subjects and on twentieth century advances in the field.

Recenzijos

"A comprehensive introduction to weather and climate, describing phenomena from cloud scale to global scale in a very accessible way." Dave Gutzler, University of New Mexico

"This book provides an excellent overview of the climate system from the global to the local scale. It is excellently written at a level that provides detail, whilst being accessible at the introductory level. It is my first choice for the core text for my intermediate level undergraduate climatology course." Julie Jones, Sheffield University, UK

Preface to the ninth edition ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction and history of meteorology and climatology
1(12)
The atmosphere
1(2)
Solar energy
3(1)
Global circulation
3(1)
Climatology
4(1)
Mid-latitude disturbances
5(1)
The polar regions
6(1)
Tropical weather
7(1)
Paleoclimates
8(1)
The global climate system
9(4)
Atmospheric composition, mass and structure
13(27)
Composition of the atmosphere
13(17)
Primary gases
13(1)
Greenhouse gases
14(1)
Reactive gas species
14(2)
Aerosols
16(2)
Variations with height
18(2)
Variations with latitude and season
20(1)
Variations with time
21(9)
Mass of the atmosphere
30(2)
Total pressure
30(1)
Vapor pressure
31(1)
The layering of the atmosphere
32(8)
Troposphere
32(3)
Stratosphere
35(1)
Mesosphere
35(1)
Thermosphere
36(1)
Exosphere and magnetosphere
36(4)
Solar radiation and the global energy budget
40(38)
Solar radiation
40(6)
Solar output
40(4)
Distance from the sun
44(2)
Altitude of the sun
46(1)
Length of day
46(1)
Surface receipt of solar radiation and its effects
46(17)
Energy transfer within the earth--atmosphere system
46(2)
Effect of the atmosphere
48(1)
Effect of cloud cover
49(1)
Effect of latitude
50(2)
Effect of land and sea
52(8)
Effect of elevation and aspect
60(1)
Variation of free air temperature with height
60(3)
Terrestrial infrared radiation and the greenhouse effect
63(3)
Heat budget of the earth
66(3)
Atmospheric energy and horizontal heat transport
69(9)
The horizontal transport of heat
72(1)
Spatial pattern of the heat budget components
73(5)
Atmospheric moisture budget
78(31)
The global hydrological cycle
78(2)
Humidity
80(4)
Moisture content
80(2)
Moisture transport
82(2)
Evaporation
84(5)
Condensation
89(1)
Precipitation characteristics and measurement
90(19)
Forms of precipitation
90(1)
Precipitation characteristics
91(4)
The world pattern of precipitation
95(2)
Regional variations in the altitudinal maximum of precipitation
97(10)
Drought
107(2)
Atmospheric instability, cloud formation and precipitation processes
109(36)
Adiabatic temperature changes
109(3)
Condensation level
112(2)
Air stability and instability
114(2)
Cloud formation
116(8)
Condensation nuclei
116(2)
Cloud types
118(2)
Global cloud cover
120(4)
Formation of precipitation
124(7)
Bergeron--Findeisen theory
124(4)
Coalescence theories
128(3)
Solid precipitation
131(1)
Precipitation types
131(5)
`Convective type' precipitation
131(1)
`Cyclonic type' precipitation
132(1)
Orographic precipitation
133(3)
Thunderstorms
136(9)
Development
136(2)
Cloud electrification and lightning
138(7)
Atmospheric motion: principles
145(18)
Laws of horizontal motion
145(6)
The pressure-gradient force
146(1)
The earth's rotational deflective (Coriolis) force
146(1)
The geostrophic wind
147(1)
The centripetal acceleration
148(1)
Frictional forces and the planetary boundary layer
149(2)
Divergence, vertical motion and vorticity
151(2)
Divergence
151(1)
Vertical motion
152(1)
Vorticity
152(1)
Local winds
153(10)
Mountain and valley winds
154(1)
Land and sea breezes
155(2)
Winds due to topographic barriers
157(6)
Planetary-scale motions in the atmosphere and ocean
163(45)
Variation of pressure and wind velocity with height
163(13)
The vertical variation of pressure systems
164(2)
Mean upper-air patterns
166(2)
Upper wind conditions
168(5)
Surface pressure conditions
173(3)
The global wind belts
176(4)
The Trade Winds
178(1)
The equatorial westerlies
178(1)
The mid-latitude (Ferrel) westerlies
179(1)
The polar easterlies
180(1)
The general circulation
180(13)
Circulations in the vertical and horizontal planes
181(7)
Variations in the circulation of the Northern Hemisphere
188(5)
Ocean structure and circulation
193(15)
Above the thermocline
193(5)
Deep ocean water interactions
198(4)
The oceans and atmospheric regulation
202(6)
Numerical models of the general circulation, climate and weather prediction
208(18)
Fundamentals of the GCM
208(3)
Model simulations
211(2)
GCMs
211(2)
Simpler models
213(1)
Regional models
213(1)
Data sources for forecasting
213(3)
Numerical weather prediction
216(10)
Short- and medium-range forecasting
217(2)
Nowcasting
219(1)
Long-range outlooks
219(7)
Mid-latitude synoptic and mesoscale systems
226(43)
The air-mass concept
226(1)
Nature of the source area
226(3)
Cold air masses
227(1)
Warm air masses
228(1)
Air-mass modification
229(4)
Mechanisms of modification
231(1)
The results of modification: secondary air masses
231(2)
The age of the air mass
233(1)
Frontogenesis
233(5)
Frontal waves
233(1)
The frontal-wave depression
234(4)
Frontal characteristics
238(6)
The warm front
238(2)
The cold front
240(1)
The occlusion
240(3)
Frontal-wave families
243(1)
Zones of wave development and frontogenesis
244(3)
Surface--upper-air relationships and the formation of frontal cyclones
247(3)
Non-frontal depressions
250(5)
The lee cyclone
252(1)
The thermal low
252(1)
Polar lows
252(2)
The cold low
254(1)
Mesoscale convective systems
255(14)
Weather and climate in middle and high latitudes
269(57)
Europe
269(14)
Pressure and wind conditions
269(1)
Oceanicity and continentality
270(2)
British airflow patterns and their climatic characteristics
272(5)
Singularities and natural seasons
277(1)
Synoptic anomalies
278(1)
Topographic effects
279(4)
North America
283(15)
Pressure systems
284(3)
The temperate west coast and cordillera
287(3)
Interior and eastern North America
290(8)
The subtropical margins
298(13)
The semi-arid southwestern United States
298(9)
The southeastern United States
307(1)
The Mediterranean
307(1)
North Africa
307(2)
Australasia
309(2)
High latitudes
311(15)
The southern westerlies
311(3)
The sub-Arctic
314(1)
The polar regions
315(11)
Tropical weather and climate
326(71)
The intertropical convergence
327(3)
Tropical disturbances
330(14)
Wave disturbances
332(3)
Cyclones
335(8)
Tropical cloud clusters
343(1)
The South Asian monsoon
344(17)
Winter
347(3)
Spring
350(2)
Early summer
352(2)
Summer
354(6)
Autumn
360(1)
East Asian and Australian summer monsoons
361(4)
Central and southern Africa
365(8)
The African monsoon
365(6)
Southern Africa
371(2)
Amazonia
373(2)
El Nino--Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events
375(8)
The Pacific Ocean
375(5)
Teleconnections
380(3)
Other sources of climatic variations in the tropics
383(4)
Cool ocean currents
383(1)
Topographic effects
384(2)
Diurnal variations
386(1)
Forecasting tropical weather
387(10)
Short- and extended-range forecasts
388(1)
Long-range forecasts
388(9)
Boundary layer climates
397(35)
Surface energy budgets
398(1)
Non-vegetated natural surfaces
399(3)
Rock and sand
399(1)
Water
400(1)
Snow and ice
400(2)
Vegetated surfaces
402(8)
Short green crops
402(2)
Forests
404(6)
Urban surfaces
410(22)
Modification of atmospheric composition
411(6)
Modification of the heat budget
417(7)
Modification of surface characteristics
424(1)
Tropical urban climates
425(7)
Climate change
432(46)
General considerations
432(3)
Climate forcing, feedback and response
435(6)
Climate forcing
436(3)
Climate feedbacks
439(1)
Climate response
440(1)
The importance of framework
441(1)
The climatic record
441(11)
The geological record
441(2)
The last glacial cycle and post-glacial conditions
443(2)
The past 1000 years
445(7)
Understanding recent climatic change
452(7)
Circulation changes
453(2)
Solar variability
455(1)
Volcanic activity
455(2)
Anthropogenic factors
457(2)
Projections of temperature change through the twenty-first century
459(5)
Applications of General Circulation Models
459(1)
The IPCC simulations
459(5)
Projected change in other system components
464(9)
Hydrologic cycle and atmospheric circulation
464(1)
Global sea level
465(1)
Snow and ice
466(4)
Vegetation
470(3)
Postscript
473(5)
Appendix 1 Climate classification
478(9)
Generic classifications related to plant growth or vegetation
478(1)
Energy and moisture budget classifications
479(4)
Genetic classifications
483(1)
Classifications of climatic comfort
484(3)
Appendix 2 Systeme International (SI) units
487(1)
Appendix 3 Synoptic weather maps
488(2)
Appendix 4 Data sources
490(2)
Daily weather maps and data
490(1)
Satellite data
490(1)
Climatic data
490(1)
Selected sources of information on the World Wide Web
491(1)
Notes 492(3)
General bibliography 495(4)
Index 499
Roger G. Barry is Distinguished Professor of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, Director of the World Data Center for Glaciology and the National Snow and Ice Data center, and a Fellow of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences.

The late Richard J. Chorley was Professor of Geography at the University of Cambridge.