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El. knyga: Attention and Pattern Recognition [Taylor & Francis e-book]

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Whilst attention is a term commonly used in everyday life, for many years psychologists have struggled in their attempts to explain what it actually means. Attention and Pattern Recognition introduces the main psychological research on attention and the methods that have been used to study it. It also examines the subdivisions of focused and divided attention and explores how people recognise patterns and faces. The Routledge Modular Psychology series is a completely new approach to introductory level psychology, tailor made to the new modular style of teaching. Each short book covers a topic in more detail than any large textbook can, allowing teacher and student to select material exactly to suit any particular course or project. The books have been written especially for those students new to higher level study, whether at school home, college or university. They include specially designed features to help with technique, such as model essay at an average level with an examiners comments to show how extra marks can be gained. The authors are all examiners and teachers at introductory level.
List of figures
xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction
1(8)
Attention and pattern recognition
1(1)
What is `attention'?
2(1)
How is attention studied?
3(1)
What are pattern and face recognition?
4(1)
How are pattern and face recognition studied?
5(1)
The information processing approach
6(1)
Summary
7(2)
Focused attention
9(16)
Introduction
9(1)
Focused attention -- early research
10(2)
Cocktail party phenomenon
10(1)
`Channels' of attention
11(1)
Broadbent's theory -- the filter model
12(3)
Evaluation of the filter model
13(2)
Treisman's theory -- the attenuator model
15(2)
Evaluation of the attenuator model
16(1)
Deutsch and Deutsch -- the pertinence model
17(3)
Evaluation of the pertinence model
19(1)
Early or late selection?
20(1)
Evaluation of single channel models
21(1)
Summary
22(3)
Divided attention
25(16)
Introduction
25(1)
Dual task experiments
26(1)
Kahneman -- central capacity theory
27(3)
Evaluation of central capacity theory
29(1)
Norman and Bobrow -- central capacity interference theory
30(2)
Evaluation of central capacity interference theory
31(1)
Multiple channel theories
32(1)
Allport -- modules of attention
32(3)
Evaluation of module theory
34(1)
Navon and Gopher -- multiple resource theory
35(2)
Evaluation of multiple resource theory
36(1)
Single or multiple processors?
37(1)
Summary
38(3)
Automatic processing and action slips
41(20)
Introduction
41(1)
Automatic processing
42(2)
Shiffrin and Schneider's theory
44(2)
Evaluation
45(1)
Norman and Shallice's theory
46(2)
Evaluation
47(1)
Automaticity or memory? -- the instance theory
48(1)
Evaluation
48(1)
Action slips
49(1)
Studies of action slips
50(3)
Diary studies
50(1)
Laboratory studies
51(2)
Theories of action slips
53(2)
Reason's theory
53(1)
Evaluation
53(1)
Sellen and Norman's theory
54(1)
Evaluation
55(1)
Applying theories of action slips
55(3)
Summary
58(3)
Pattern recognition
61(20)
Introduction
61(3)
Features of pattern recognition
62(1)
Top-down and bottom-up processing
63(1)
Template matching theories
64(3)
Evaluation
65(1)
Geons -- an alternative to templates?
66(1)
Feature detection theories
67(6)
The biology of feature detection
70(1)
Evaluation
71(2)
Prototype theories
73(1)
Evaluation
73(1)
Pattern recognition: an integrated view
74(1)
The role of context and expectations in pattern recognition
75(1)
Summary
76(5)
Face recognition
81(18)
Introduction
81(1)
Studies of face recognition
82(4)
Prosopagnosia
82(1)
Is face recognition a special process?
83(1)
Affective and communicative information
84(1)
Face recognition -- features or configuration?
84(1)
Methodological considerations
85(1)
Bruce and Young's model
86(3)
Evaluation
88(1)
Burton, Bruce and Johnson's interactive activation model
89(3)
Evaluation
92(1)
Farah -- holistic analysis of faces
92(3)
Evaluation
94(1)
Face recognition in `real life'
95(1)
Summary
96(3)
Study aids
99(16)
Improving your essay-writing skills
99(1)
Practice essay 1
100(3)
Practice essay 2
103(2)
Key research summaries
105(1)
Allport et al. (1972)
105(3)
Schneider and Shiffrin (1977)
108(2)
Hubel (1963)
110(2)
Young et al. (1985)
112(3)
Glossary 115(4)
References 119(8)
Index 127