Preface |
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xi | |
Foreword |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
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1 | (14) |
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1.1 Anatomy of a Vehicle, Vehicle Functionality and Components |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Vehicle Manufacturing: An Overview |
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2 | (9) |
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1.2.1 Basics of the Assembly Processes |
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4 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Basics of the Power-train Processes |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (4) |
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13 | (2) |
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2 Stamping and Metal Forming Processes |
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15 | (92) |
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2.1 Formability Science of Automotive Sheet Panels: An Overview |
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18 | (23) |
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2.1.1 Stamping Modes and Metal Flow |
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25 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Material Properties and their Formability |
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27 | (5) |
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2.1.3 Formability Measures |
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32 | (4) |
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2.1.4 Circle Grid Analysis (CGA) and the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) |
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36 | (5) |
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41 | (20) |
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2.2.1 Automotive Steel Grades; Traditional Steel Grades |
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41 | (5) |
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2.2.2 Automotive Steel Grades: High Strength and Advanced (Ultra) |
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46 | (9) |
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2.2.3 Stamping Aluminum Sheet Panels |
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55 | (6) |
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2.3 Automotive Stamping Presses and Dies |
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61 | (13) |
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64 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Die Operation and Tooling |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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2.3.2.3 Blanking and Shearing Dies |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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2.3.2.6 Coatings and Lubrications |
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72 | (2) |
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2.4 Tailor Welded Blanks and their Stamping |
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74 | (6) |
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2.5 Advances in Metal Forming |
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80 | (6) |
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2.5.1 Hydro-forming and Extrusions |
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80 | (3) |
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2.5.2 Industrial Origami: Metal Folding-Based Forming |
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83 | (2) |
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2.5.3 Super-plastic Forming |
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85 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Flexible Stamping Procedures |
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85 | (1) |
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2.6 Stampings Dimensional Approval Process |
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86 | (5) |
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2.7 Stamping Process Costing |
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91 | (16) |
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2.7.1 Case I: The Stamping Process |
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93 | (1) |
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2.7.1.1 Detailed Cost Analysis |
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93 | (5) |
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2.7.2 Case II Tailor-Welded Door Inner Cost |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (6) |
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107 | (70) |
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107 | (1) |
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3.2 Fusion Welding Operations |
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107 | (27) |
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3.2.1 Basics of Arc Fusion Welding and its Types |
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108 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Metal Inert Gas MIG Welding Processes |
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111 | (6) |
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3.2.3 Automotive TIG Welding Processes |
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117 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Automotive Resistance Welding Processes |
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117 | (9) |
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3.2.4.1 Surface Conditions and Their Effect on Resistance Welding |
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126 | (3) |
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3.2.4.2 Basics of Spot Welding, Lobes and Resistance Curves |
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129 | (5) |
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3.3 Robotic Fusion-Welding Operations |
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134 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Robotic Spot Welders |
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140 | (4) |
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144 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Basics of Adhesive Material Selection |
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147 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Basics of the Adhesion Theory and Adhesives Testing |
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149 | (4) |
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3.5 Welding and Dimensional Conformance |
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153 | (1) |
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3.6 Advances in Automotive Welding |
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154 | (4) |
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3.6.1 Friction Stir Welding (FSW) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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3.7 The Automotive Joining Costing |
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158 | (19) |
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3.7.1 Joining an Automotive Frame |
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158 | (10) |
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3.7.2 Sub-assembling Automotive Doors |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (5) |
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177 | (50) |
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177 | (1) |
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4.2 Immersion Coating Processes |
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177 | (10) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Conversion and Phosphate Baths |
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181 | (3) |
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4.2.3.1 Phosphating Aluminum |
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184 | (1) |
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4.2.4 E-Coating Baths and their Operations |
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184 | (3) |
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4.3 Paint Curing Processes, and Balancing |
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187 | (5) |
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4.4 Under-Body Sealant, PVC and Wax Applications |
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192 | (2) |
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4.5 Painting Spray Booths Operations |
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194 | (15) |
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4.5.1 Spray Paint Applicators |
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196 | (4) |
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4.5.2 Painting Booth Conditioning, Waterborne, Solvent-borne and Powder-coating Systems |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (4) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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4.6 Material Handling Systems Inside the Painting Area |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (2) |
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4.8 Paint Quality Measurements |
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214 | (13) |
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4.8.1 Paint Defects and Theory |
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216 | (1) |
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4.8.1.1 Theoretical Background |
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217 | (7) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (22) |
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5.1 Basics of Final Assembly Operations |
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227 | (4) |
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5.1.1 Installation of the Trim Assembly |
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228 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Installation of the Chassis |
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229 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Final Assembly and Testing Area |
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230 | (1) |
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5.2 Ergonomics of the Final Assembly Area |
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231 | (2) |
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5.3 Mechanical Fastening and Bolting |
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233 | (16) |
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247 | (2) |
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6 Ecology of Automotive Manufacturing |
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249 | (40) |
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6.1 Introduction of Automotive Manufacturing Ecology |
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249 | (1) |
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6.2 Energy Consumption and Accounting |
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250 | (16) |
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6.2.1 The EPA Energy Model |
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252 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Specific Energy Requirements from the EPI Model |
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253 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Panel-Forming Energy |
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255 | (4) |
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6.2.4 Hybridized Structures Selection and Energy Implications |
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259 | (4) |
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6.2.5 Proposed Approach versus Previous Models |
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263 | (3) |
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6.2.6 Conclusion and Comments on Specific Energy Modeling |
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266 | (1) |
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6.3 The Automotive Materials' Ecological Impact |
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266 | (1) |
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6.4 The Painting Process Ecology |
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267 | (11) |
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6.5 Ecology of the Automobile |
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278 | (11) |
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7 Static Aspects of the Automotive Manufacturing Processes |
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289 | (30) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (3) |
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7.3 Process-oriented Layout |
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292 | (3) |
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7.4 Cell-based Layout Design |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (3) |
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7.6 Lean Manufacturing Tools for Layout Design and Optimization |
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300 | (3) |
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7.7 Locational Strategies |
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303 | (16) |
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7.7.1 Locational Strategies Tools |
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308 | (6) |
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314 | (5) |
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8 Operational Aspects of the Automotive Manufacturing Processes |
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319 | (42) |
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319 | (1) |
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8.2 Aggregate Production Planning |
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320 | (6) |
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8.3 Master Production Scheduling (MPS) |
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326 | (3) |
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8.4 Material Requirement Planning (MRP) |
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329 | (5) |
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8.5 Production Line Control and Management Style |
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334 | (6) |
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8.5.1 Lean Manufacturing Management of Workers |
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335 | (5) |
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8.6 Selection and Management of Suppliers |
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340 | (6) |
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8.6.1 Selection and Management Process |
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343 | (3) |
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8.7 An Overview of the Automotive Quality Tools |
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346 | (15) |
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8.7.1 The Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) |
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346 | (3) |
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8.7.2 The Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP) |
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349 | (3) |
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8.7.3 The Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) |
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352 | (5) |
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357 | (4) |
References |
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361 | (4) |
Index |
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365 | |