Foreword by the Editors of the European Procurement Law Series |
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13 | (2) |
List of Contributors |
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15 | (6) |
1 Award criteria under EU law (old and new) |
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21 | (18) |
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21 | (1) |
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2 What are award criteria? A heterodox view |
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21 | (6) |
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3 Award criteria: the law as it is |
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27 | (3) |
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4 The MEAT requirements flowing from the principles of equal treatment and transparency |
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30 | (5) |
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5 The reform: modernising award criteria |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
2 Award of contracts covered by the EU Public Procurement rules in Denmark |
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39 | (30) |
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39 | (1) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (2) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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47 | (7) |
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5 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, juries, transparency and judicial review |
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54 | (2) |
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6 Reservations and rejection of non-compliant tenders |
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56 | (6) |
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6.1 Non-compliance with substantive requirements |
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57 | (3) |
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6.2 Non-compliance with procedural formalities |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (3) |
3 Award of contracts covered by the EU Public Procurement rules in France |
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69 | (22) |
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69 | (2) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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75 | (7) |
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5 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, juries, transparency and judicial review |
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82 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
4 Awarding of Contracts in German Procurement Law |
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91 | (36) |
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91 | (2) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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93 | (4) |
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93 | (1) |
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2.2 Difference between award criteria and selection criteria - The rule that no bidder is "better suited" |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (6) |
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97 | (3) |
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3.2 The use of the lowest price in practice |
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100 | (1) |
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3.3 The calculation of the lowest price |
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101 | (1) |
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3.4 Tenders equal in pricing |
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101 | (1) |
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3.5 Procedures for awards on the basis of the lowest price |
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102 | (1) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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103 | (7) |
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103 | (1) |
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4.2 Relevance of price in MEAT |
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104 | (1) |
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4.3 The weighting of MEAT |
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105 | (3) |
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4.4 Weighting not held possible |
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108 | (1) |
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4.5 Adjustment or change of award criteria |
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108 | (1) |
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4.6 Communication of weighting rules |
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109 | (1) |
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4.7 Adjustment of weighting criteria |
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110 | (1) |
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5 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, transparency and judicial review |
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110 | (6) |
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110 | (1) |
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5.2 Use of MEAT in e-auctions |
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111 | (1) |
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5.3 Measures to prevent abuse |
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112 | (2) |
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5.4 Opening of the tenders |
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114 | (1) |
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5.5 Review of the award decision |
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115 | (1) |
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5.6 Adjustment of award criteria by the review body |
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116 | (1) |
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6 Reservation and rejection of non-compliant bids |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (4) |
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7.1 No discretion for the contracting authority |
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120 | (2) |
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7.2 Reasons for scrutinizing |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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7.4 Abnormally low tenders due to State aid |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
5 Award of contracts covered by EU Public Procurement rules in Italy |
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127 | (18) |
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1 Introduction: main features of the national system |
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127 | (2) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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132 | (2) |
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5 Public procurements for innovation |
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134 | (1) |
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6 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, juries, transparency and judicial review |
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135 | (5) |
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7 Reservations and rejection of non-compliant bids |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
6 Awarding of Contracts in Polish Procurement Law |
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145 | (32) |
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1 Introduction: the main features of the national system |
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145 | (1) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (6) |
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3.1 The best tender based not only on the lowest price criterion |
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148 | (2) |
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3.2 The use of the "lowest price" in the practice of public procurement |
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150 | (1) |
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3.3 Calculation of the lowest price |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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3.5 Procedures based on the price criterion only |
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153 | (1) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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154 | (7) |
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4.1 Selection of the award criteria |
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154 | (3) |
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4.2 Weighting of criteria |
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157 | (3) |
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4.3 Change of criteria, sub-criteria and models |
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160 | (1) |
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5 Procedure for evaluating MEAT (best tender), juries, transparency and judicial review |
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161 | (7) |
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5.1 Tender committees (juries) |
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161 | (1) |
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5.2 MEAT (best tender) in Electronic Auctions. |
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162 | (1) |
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5.3 Limits of discretion in selection of the MEAT (best tender) |
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163 | (1) |
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5.4 Transparency safeguards in the selection of the MEAT (best tender) |
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164 | (3) |
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5.5 Review of award procedures and adjustment of award criteria |
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167 | (1) |
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6 Reservation and rejection of non-compliant bids |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (3) |
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8 Specific issues disputed at national level |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
7 The Theory and Practice of Award Criteria in the Romanian Procurement Law |
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177 | (32) |
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1 Introduction: Main features of the national system |
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177 | (3) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (5) |
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3.1 Award criteria under the national law |
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183 | (1) |
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3.2 Use of the lowest price criterion in practice |
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184 | (1) |
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3.3 Calculation of the lowest price |
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184 | (1) |
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3.4 Tenders equal in pricing |
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185 | (2) |
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3.5 Procedures for award on the basis of the lowest price |
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187 | (1) |
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3.6 Difficulties with applying the lowest price criterion |
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187 | (1) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender (MEAT) |
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188 | (6) |
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4.1 Award criteria within the MEAT |
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188 | (1) |
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4.2 Relevance of price in MEAT |
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188 | (2) |
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4.3 The weighing of evaluation factors within MEAT |
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190 | (3) |
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4.4 Cases when weighting is not possible |
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193 | (1) |
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4.5 Change of the award criteria |
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193 | (1) |
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4.6 Communication of the evaluation methodology/algorithm to the tenderers prior to the submission of tenders |
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194 | (1) |
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4.7 Adjustment/replacement of the methodology |
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194 | (1) |
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5 Procedure for evaluation MEAT: Juries, transparency and judicial review |
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194 | (6) |
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5.1 Composition of the evaluation commission |
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194 | (3) |
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5.2 Use of MEAT in e-auctions |
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197 | (1) |
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5.3 Discretion and the avoidance of abuses |
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198 | (1) |
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5.4 Transparency requirements |
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198 | (2) |
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5.5 Review of the award decision by the Council and the courts |
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200 | (1) |
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6 Reservations and rejection of non-compliant tenders |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (4) |
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7.1 No mandatory requirement for dismissal |
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203 | (1) |
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7.2 Elements scrutinized for abnormally low values |
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204 | (2) |
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7.3 Methodology for determining abnormally low prices |
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206 | (1) |
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7.4 Abnormally low tenders due to illegal state aid or other subsidies |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
8 Award Criteria and Award-Related Challenges under Spanish Public Procurement Law |
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209 | (42) |
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1 Introduction: Main features of the national system |
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209 | (3) |
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2 Selection and Award Criteria |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (5) |
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3.1 'Lowest price' criterion as the only acceptable price-related criterion |
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215 | (1) |
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3.2 Limited freedom to choose the 'lowest price' criterion over MEAT |
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216 | (1) |
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3.3 Ties in case of use of 'lowest price' criterion |
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217 | (3) |
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4 Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) |
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220 | (10) |
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4.1 Criteria to be taken into consideration when using MEAT and their weighting |
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220 | (5) |
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4.2 Practical impossibility of excluding price considerations in the award of public contracts |
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225 | (1) |
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4.3 Cases where the use of MEAT is compulsory |
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226 | (1) |
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4.4 Weighting of criteria and evaluation models used to determine the MEAT |
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227 | (2) |
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4.5 Ties in case of use of MEAT |
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229 | (1) |
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5 Procedure for Evaluating MEAT, Juries, Transparency and Judicial Review |
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230 | (9) |
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5.1 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, Juries and Transparency |
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230 | (3) |
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5.2 Administrative Appeals and Judicial Review |
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233 | (6) |
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6 Reservations and Rejection of Non-Compliant Bids |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (5) |
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7.1 Screening of abnormally low offers when 'lowest price' is used |
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243 | (2) |
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7.2 Screening of abnormally low offers when MEAT is used |
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245 | (1) |
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7.3 Common provisions applicable to a finding of an apparently abnormally low tender |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
9 Awarding of public contracts in the United Kingdom |
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251 | (22) |
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1 Introduction: Main features of the national system |
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251 | (2) |
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2 Selection and award criteria |
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253 | (5) |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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4 Most economically advantageous tender |
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259 | (2) |
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5 Procedure for evaluating MEAT, juries, transparency and judicial review |
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261 | (2) |
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6 Reservations and rejection of non-compliant bids |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (2) |
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8 Specific issues disputed at national level |
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267 | (4) |
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a Disclosure of sub-criteria |
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267 | (3) |
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b Procurement of innovation |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
10 Rejection of abnormally low and non-compliant tenders in EU public procurement: A comparative view on selected jurisdictions |
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273 | (36) |
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273 | (1) |
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2 Treatment of Abnormally Low Tenders |
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274 | (13) |
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2.1 EU Rules and Case Law |
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274 | (8) |
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2.2 Applicable Rules in the Selected Jurisdictions |
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282 | (5) |
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3 Treatment of Non-Compliant Bids |
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287 | (20) |
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3.1 EU Rules and Case Law |
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287 | (8) |
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3.2 Applicable Rules in the Selected Jurisdictions |
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295 | (12) |
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307 | (2) |
11 The electronic award of public procurement |
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309 | (30) |
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1 Introduction. E-procurement strategies in Europe: overcoming inertia and fragmentation |
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309 | (7) |
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2 Efficiency and transparency through e-procurement solutions |
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316 | (3) |
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3 Pre-award electronic advertising: the evolution towards full electronic means for the submission of the requirements and of the offers |
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319 | (5) |
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3.1 The electronic submissions of tenders and of e-signatures |
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321 | (3) |
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4 E-procurement solutions for the automatic evaluation of bids and tenders: the lowest electronic price and the most economically advantageous electronic tender |
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324 | (10) |
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4.1 Electronic auctions as a tool for electronic evaluation of tenders |
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326 | (8) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
12 Evaluation models in public procurement: A comparative law perspective |
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339 | (20) |
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339 | (1) |
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2 Descriptive elements of an evaluation model |
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340 | (5) |
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3 The use of evaluation models |
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345 | (10) |
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3.1 Legal framework and practice |
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345 | (7) |
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3.2 Transparency requirements |
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352 | (2) |
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3.3 Changes to evaluation models |
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354 | (1) |
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4 Judicial review of evaluation models |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
List of Cases |
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359 | (12) |
Index |
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371 | |