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Band Theory and Electronic Properties of Solids [Minkštas viršelis]

4.33/5 (30 ratings by Goodreads)
(Department of Physics, University of Oxford)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 240 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 245x189x14 mm, weight: 532 g, numerous line figures
  • Serija: Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics 2
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Aug-2001
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198506449
  • ISBN-13: 9780198506447
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Band Theory and Electronic Properties of SolidsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 240 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 245x189x14 mm, weight: 532 g, numerous line figures
  • Serija: Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics 2
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Aug-2001
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198506449
  • ISBN-13: 9780198506447
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780198506447.html
Raktažodžiai:
This book provides an introduction to band theory and the electronic properties of materials at a level suitable for final-year undergraduates or first-year graduate students. It sets out to provide the vocabulary and quantum-mechanical training necessary to understand the electronic, optical and structural properties of the materials met in science and technology and describes some of the experimental techniques which are used to study band structure today. In order to leave space for recent developments, the Drude model and the introduction of quantum statistics are treated synoptically. However, Bloch's theorem and two tractable limits, a very weak periodic potential and the tight-binding model, are developed rigorously and in three dimensions. Having introduced the ideas of bands, effective masses and holes, semiconductor and metals are treated in some detail, along with the newer ideas of artificial structures such as super-lattices and quantum wells, layered organic substances and oxides. Some recent `hot topics' in research are covered, e.g. the fractional Quantum Hall Effect and nano-devices, which can be understood using the techniques developed in the book. In illustrating examples of e.g. the de Haas-van Alphen effect, the book focuses on recent experimental data, showing that the field is a vibrant and exciting one. References to many recent review articles are provided, so that the student can conduct research into a chosen topic at a deeper level. Several appendices treating topics such as phonons and crystal structure make the book a self-contained introduction to the fundamentals of band theory and electronic properties in condensed matter physics today.

Recenzijos

" ... a first rate undergraduate text ... which will satisfy a definite market need" * Prof. Martyn Chamberlain, University of Leeds * " ... set apart from the others in its field" * Dr Lilian Childress, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA *

Metals: the Drude and Sommerfeld models
1(15)
Introduction
1(1)
What do we know about metals?
1(1)
The Drude model
2(2)
Assumptions
2(1)
The relaxation-time approximation
3(1)
The failure of the Drude model
4(3)
Electronic heat capacity
4(1)
Thermal conductivity and the Wiedemann-Franz ratio
4(2)
Hall effect
6(1)
Summary
7(1)
The Sommerfeld model
7(6)
The introduction of quantum mechanics
7(2)
The Fermi-Dirac distribution function
9(1)
The electronic density of states
9(1)
The electronic density of states at E ≈ EF
10(1)
The electronic heat capacity
11(2)
Successes and failures of the Sommerfeld model
13(3)
The quantum mechanics of particles in a periodic potential: Bloch's theorem
16(7)
Introduction and health warning
16(1)
Introducing the periodic potential
16(1)
Born-von Karman boundary conditions
17(1)
The Schrodinger equation in a periodic potential
18(1)
Bloch's theorem
19(1)
Electronic bandstructure
20(3)
The nearly-free electron model
23(9)
Introduction
23(1)
Vanishing potential
23(3)
Single electron energy state
23(1)
Several degenerate energy levels
24(1)
Two degenerate free-electron levels
24(2)
Consequences of the nearly-free-electron model
26(6)
The alkali metals
27(1)
Elements with even numbers of valence electrons
27(2)
More complex Fermi surface shapes
29(3)
The tight-binding model
32(9)
Introduction
32(1)
Band arising from a single electronic level
32(3)
Electronic wavefunctions
32(1)
Simple crystal structure
33(1)
The potential and Hamiltonian
33(2)
General points about the formation of tight-binding bands
35(6)
The group IA and IIA metals; the tight-binding model viewpoint
36(1)
The Group IV elements
36(1)
The transition metals
37(4)
Some general points about bandstructure
41(8)
Comparison of tight-binding and nearly-free-electron bandstructure
41(1)
The importance of K
42(3)
hk is not the momentum
42(1)
Group velocity
42(1)
The effective mass
42(1)
The effective mass and the density of states
43(1)
Summary of the properties of k
44(1)
Scattering in the Block approach
45(1)
Holes
45(1)
Postscript
46(3)
Semiconductors and Insulators
49(16)
Introduction
49(1)
Bandstructure of Si and Ge
50(3)
General points
50(1)
Heavy and light holes
51(1)
Optical absorption
51(1)
Constant energy surfaces in the conduction bands of Si and Ge
52(1)
Bandstructure of the direct-gap III-V and II-VI semiconductors
53(3)
Introduction
53(1)
General points
53(1)
Optical absorption and excitons
54(1)
Excitons
55(1)
Constant energy surfaces in direct-gap III-V semiconductors
56(1)
Thermal population of bands in semiconductors
56(9)
The law of mass action
56(2)
The motion of the chemical potential
58(1)
Intrinsic carrier density
58(1)
Impurities and extrinsic carriers
59(1)
Extrinsic carrier density
60(2)
Degenerate semiconductors
62(1)
Impurity bands
62(1)
Is it a semiconductor or an insulator?
62(1)
A note on photoconductivity
63(2)
Bandstructure engineering
65(20)
Introduction
65(1)
Semiconductor alloys
65(1)
Artificial structures
66(9)
Growth of semiconductor multilayers
66(2)
Substrate and buffer layer
68(1)
Quantum wells
68(1)
Optical properties of quantum wells
69(1)
Use of quantum wells in opto-electronics
70(1)
Superlattices
71(1)
Type I and type II superlattices
71(2)
Heterojunctions and modulation doping
73(1)
The envelope-function approximation
74(1)
Band engineering using organic molecules
75(3)
Introduction
75(1)
Molecular building blocks
75(2)
Typical Fermi surfaces
77(1)
A note on the effective dimensionality of Fermi-surface sections
78(1)
Layered conducting oxides
78(3)
The Peierls transition
81(4)
Measurement of bandstructure
85(32)
Introduction
85(1)
Lorentz force and orbits
85(2)
General considerations
85(1)
The cyclotron frequency
85(2)
Orbits on a Fermi surface
87(1)
The introduction of quantum mechanics
87(4)
Landau levels
87(2)
Application of Bohr's correspondence principle to arbitrarily-shaped Fermi surfaces in a magnetic field
89(1)
Quantisation of the orbit area
90(1)
The electronic density of states in a magnetic field
91(1)
Quantum oscillatory phenomena
91(6)
Types of quantum oscillation
93(1)
The de Haas-van Alphen effect
94(2)
Other parameters which can be deduced from quantum oscillations
96(1)
Magnetic breakdown
97(1)
Cyclotron resonance
97(3)
Cyclotron resonance in metals
98(1)
Cyclotron resonance in semiconductors
98(2)
Interband magneto-optics in semiconductors
100(2)
Other techniques
102(3)
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES)
103(1)
Electroreflectance spectroscopy
104(1)
Some case studies
105(7)
Copper
105(1)
Recent controversy: Sr2RuO4
106(1)
Studies of the Fermi surface of an organic molecular metal
106(6)
Quasiparticles: interactions between electrons
112(5)
Transport of heat and electricity in metals and semiconductors
117(16)
A brief digression; life without scattering would be difficult!
117(2)
Thermal and electrical conductivity of metals
119(8)
Metals: the `Kinetic theory' of electron transport
119(1)
What do τ&sigma and τκ represent?
120(2)
Matthiessen's rule
122(1)
Emission and absorption of phonons
122(1)
What is the characteristic energy of the phonons involved?
123(1)
Electron-phonon scattering at room temperature
123(1)
Electron-phonon scattering at T ≪ θD
123(1)
Departures from the low temperature σα T-5 dependence
124(1)
Very low temperatures and/or very dirty metals
124(1)
Summary
125(1)
Electron-electron scattering
125(2)
Electrical conductivity of semiconductors
127(2)
Temperature dependence of the carrier densities
127(1)
The temperature dependence of the mobility
128(1)
Disordered systems and hopping conduction
129(4)
Thermally-activated hopping
129(1)
Variable range hopping
130(3)
Magnetoresistance in three-dimensional systems
133(10)
Introduction
133(1)
Hall effect with more than one type of carrier
133(2)
General considerations
133(2)
Hall effect in the presence of electrons and holes
135(1)
A clue about the origins of magnetoresistance
135(1)
Magnetoresistance in metals
135(4)
The absence of magnetoresistance in the Sommerfeld model of metals
135(2)
The presence of magnetoresistance in real metals
137(1)
The use of magnetoresistance in finding the Fermi-surface shape
138(1)
The magnetophonon effect
139(4)
Magnetoresistance in two-dimensional systems and the quantum Hall effect
143(11)
Introduction: two-dimensional systems
143(1)
Two-dimensional Landau-level density of states
144(3)
Resistivity and conductivity tensors for a two-dimensional system
145(2)
Quantisation of the Hall resistivity
147(2)
Localised and extended states
148(1)
A further refinement- spin splitting
148(1)
Summary
149(1)
The fractional quantum Hall effect
150(1)
More than one subband populated
151(3)
Inhomogeneous and hot carrier distributions in semiconductors
154(11)
Introduction: inhomogeneous carrier distributions
154(2)
The excitation of minority carriers
154(1)
Recombination
155(1)
Diffusion and recombination
155(1)
Drift, diffusion and the Einstein equations
156(2)
Characterisation of minority carriers; the Shockley-Haynes experiment
156(2)
Hot carrier effects and ballistic transport
158(7)
Drift velocity saturation and the Gunn effect
158(2)
Avalanching
160(1)
A simple resonant tunnelling structure
160(1)
Ballistic transport and the quantum point contact
161(4)
A Useful terminology in condensed matter physics 165(7)
Introduction
165(1)
Crystal
165(1)
Lattice
165(1)
Basis
165(1)
Physical properties of crystals
166(1)
Unit cell
166(1)
Wigner-Seitz cell
167(1)
Designation of directions
167(1)
Designation of planes; Miller indices
168(1)
Conventional or primitive?
169(2)
The 14 Bravais lattices
171(1)
B Derivation of density of states in k-space 172(3)
Introduction
172(3)
Density of states
173(1)
Reading
174(1)
C Derivation of distribution functions 175(6)
Introduction
175(6)
Bosons
178(1)
Fermions
178(1)
The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function
178(1)
Mean energy and heat capacity of the classical gas
179(2)
D Phonons 181(10)
Introduction
181(1)
A simple model
182(3)
Extension to three dimensions
183(2)
The Debye model
185(6)
Phonon number
187(1)
Summary; the Debye temperature as a useful energy scale in solids
188(1)
A note on the effect of dimensionality
188(3)
E The Bohr model of hydrogen 191(3)
Introduction
191(1)
Hydrogenic impurities
192(1)
Excitons
192(2)
F Experimental considerations in measuring resistivity and Hall effect 194(6)
Introduction
194(1)
The four-wire method
194(2)
Sample geometries
196(1)
The van der Pauw method
197(1)
Mobility spectrum analysis
198(1)
The resistivity of layered samples
198(2)
G Canonical momentum 200(1)
H Superconductivity 201(4)
Introduction
201(1)
Pairing
201(2)
Pairing and the Meissner effect
203(2)
I List of selected symbols 205(4)
J Solutions and additional hints for selected exercises 209(8)
Index 217


Dr John Singleton, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, Tel: 01865 272236, Fax: 01865 272400, Email: j.singleton1@physics.ox.ac.uk. Leave of absence Aug 2000- Aug 2001: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA, Tel: +1 505 665 3857, Fax: +1 505 665 4311, Email: jsingle@lanl.gov