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Basic Concepts in Physics: From the Cosmos to Quarks 2012 [Kietas viršelis]

4.50/5 (4 ratings by Goodreads)
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  • Formatas: Hardback, 377 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 7096 g, 179 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 377 p. 179 illus., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642195970
  • ISBN-13: 9783642195976
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Basic Concepts in Physics: From the Cosmos to Quarks 2012Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 377 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 7096 g, 179 Illustrations, black and white; XII, 377 p. 179 illus., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2013
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642195970
  • ISBN-13: 9783642195976
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783642195976.html
Raktažodžiai:

"Basic Concepts in Physics: From the Cosmos to Quarks" is the outcome of the authors' long and varied teaching experience in different countries and for different audiences, and gives an accessible and eminently readable introduction to all the main ideas of modern physics. The book’s fresh approach, using a novel combination of historical and conceptual viewpoints, makes it ideal complementary reading to more standard textbooks. The first five chapters are devoted to classical physics, from planetary motion to special relativity, always keeping in mind its relevance to questions of contemporary interest. The next six chapters deal mainly with newer developments in physics, from quantum theory and general relativity to grand unified theories, and the book concludes by discussing the role of physics in living systems. A basic grounding in mathematics is required of the reader, but technicalities are avoided as far as possible; thus complex calculations are omitted so long as the essential ideas remain clear. The book is addressed to undergraduate and graduate students in physics and will also be appreciated by many professional physicists. It will likewise be of interest to students, researchers and teachers of other natural sciences, as well as to engineers, high-school teachers and the curious general reader, who will come to understand what physics is about and how it describes the different phenomena of Nature. Not only will readers of this book learn much about physics, they will also learn to love it.



This informative and entertaining book offers a novel combination of historical, conceptual and formal introduction to the main ideas in physics. Covers classical physics, quantum mechanics and topics pertaining to physics and life, for example homochirality.

Recenzijos

Selected by Choice magazine as an "Outstanding Academic Title" for 2014



This is a very high-quality presentation. The writing is lucid, and the theoretical discussions are easy to follow for anyone comfortable with the mathematics. the work is a valuable addition to college libraries. Professionals and researchers will also want it on their bookshelves; it provides an excellent refresher on a wide range of topics and can serve as a good starting point for expanding knowledge of new or unfamiliar subjects. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates and above. (A. Spero, Choice, Vol. 51 (9), May, 2014)

It describes all the major developments and theories regarding the description of the universe we live on, from the very small to the very large. I highly recommend this book to any physicist. It will not only be a fun and an easy read but also a useful revision of all the main concepts in physics. Undergraduate and graduate physics students definitely should read it. appropriate for scientists in other fields who have a genuine interest for physics. (Monica Pierri-Galvao, Contemporary Physics, April, 2014)

1 Gravitation and Newton's Laws
1(46)
1.1 From Pythagoras to the Middle Ages
2(4)
1.2 Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo
6(7)
1.3 Newton and Modern Science
13(2)
1.4 Newton's Laws
15(12)
1.4.1 Newton's First Law
15(1)
1.4.2 Newton's Second Law
15(9)
1.4.3 Planetary Motion in Newton's Theory
24(2)
1.4.4 Newton's Third Law
26(1)
1.5 Conservation Laws
27(8)
1.5.1 Conservation of Linear Momentum
28(1)
1.5.2 Conservation of Angular Momentum
29(2)
1.5.3 Conservation of Energy
31(4)
1.6 Degrees of Freedom
35(1)
1.7 Inertial and Non-inertial Systems
36(4)
1.8 The Principle of Least Action
40(3)
1.9 Hamilton Equations
43(4)
Literature
45(2)
2 Entropy, Statistical Physics, and Information
47(34)
2.1 Thermodynamic Approach
48(4)
2.1.1 First Law of Thermodynamics
49(1)
2.1.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics
49(2)
2.1.3 Third Law of Thermodynamics
51(1)
2.1.4 Thermodynamic Potentials
51(1)
2.2 Statistical Approach
52(6)
2.3 Entropy and Statistical Physics
58(2)
2.4 Temperature and Chemical Potential
60(1)
2.5 Statistical Mechanics
60(10)
2.5.1 Canonical Ensemble
62(6)
2.5.2 Maxwell Distribution
68(2)
2.5.3 Grand Canonical Ensemble
70(1)
2.6 Entropy and Information
70(2)
2.7 Maxwell's Demon and Perpetuum Mobile
72(9)
Literature
78(3)
3 Electromagnetism and Maxwell's Equations
81(32)
3.1 Coulomb's Law
84(2)
3.2 Electrostatic and Gravitational Fields
86(1)
3.3 Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators
87(1)
3.4 Magnetic Fields
88(1)
3.5 Magnetic Flux
89(2)
3.6 Maxwell's Equations
91(5)
3.6.1 Gauss's Law for Electric Fields
91(1)
3.6.2 Gauss's Law for Magnetism
92(2)
3.6.3 Faraday's Law
94(1)
3.6.4 Ampere-Maxwell Law
95(1)
3.7 Lorentz Force
96(3)
3.8 Fields in a Medium
99(3)
3.9 Magnetic Properties
102(4)
3.9.1 Diamagnetism
103(1)
3.9.2 Paramagnetism
103(1)
3.9.3 Ferromagnetism
103(2)
3.9.4 Ferrimagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, and Magnetic Frustration
105(1)
3.9.5 Spin Ices and Monopoles
106(1)
3.10 Phase Transitions
106(1)
3.11 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
107(2)
3.12 Superconductivity
109(1)
3.13 Meissner Effect: Type I and II Superconductors
110(3)
Literature
111(2)
4 Electromagnetic Waves
113(30)
4.1 Waves in a Medium and in Æther
114(1)
4.2 Electromagnetic Waves and Maxwell's Equations
115(4)
4.2.1 Wave Propagation
117(1)
4.2.2 Coherence
118(1)
4.3 Generation of Electromagnetic Waves
119(2)
4.3.1 Retarded potentials
119(1)
4.3.2 Mechanisms generating electromagnetic waves
120(1)
4.4 Wave Properties
121(12)
4.4.1 Interference
121(3)
4.4.2 Diffraction
124(4)
4.4.3 Polarization
128(2)
4.4.4 Spectral Composition
130(3)
4.5 Fourier Series and Integrals
133(2)
4.6 Reflection and Refraction
135(2)
4.7 Dispersion of Light
137(1)
4.8 Black Body Radiation
138(5)
Literature
141(2)
5 Special Theory of Relativity
143(24)
5.1 Postulates of Special Relativity
143(4)
5.2 Lorentz Transformations
147(3)
5.3 Light Cone and Causality
150(2)
5.4 Contraction of Lengths
152(1)
5.5 Time Dilation: Proper Time
153(3)
5.6 Addition of Velocities
156(1)
5.7 Relativistic Four-Vectors
156(2)
5.8 Electrodynamics in Relativistically Covariant Formalism
158(3)
5.9 Energy and Momentum
161(1)
5.10 Photons
162(1)
5.11 Neutrinos
163(1)
5.12 Tachyons and Superluminal Signals
164(3)
Literature
166(1)
6 Atoms and Quantum Theory
167(46)
6.1 Motion of a Particle
167(3)
6.2 Evolution of the Concept of Atom
170(1)
6.3 Rutherford's Experiment
170(1)
6.4 Bohr's Atom
171(3)
6.5 Schrodinger's Equation
174(3)
6.6 Wave Function
177(7)
6.7 Operators and States in Quantum Mechanics
184(4)
6.8 Quantum Harmonic Oscillator
188(5)
6.8.1 Schrodinger's Equation for the Harmonic Oscillator
189(2)
6.8.2 Ladder Operators
191(2)
6.9 Emission and Absorption of Radiation
193(1)
6.10 Stimulated Emission and Lasers
194(1)
6.11 Tunnel Effect
194(1)
6.12 Indistinguishability and Pauli's Principle
195(2)
6.13 Exchange Interaction
197(1)
6.14 Exchange Energy and Ferromagnetism
198(1)
6.15 Distribution of Electrons in the Atom
199(1)
6.16 Quantum Measurement
200(3)
6.16.1 U and R Evolution Procedures
201(1)
6.16.2 On Theory and Observable Quantities
202(1)
6.17 Paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics
203(8)
6.17.1 De Broglie's Paradox
203(1)
6.17.2 Schrodinger's Cat Paradox
204(1)
6.17.3 Toward the EPR Paradox
205(2)
6.17.4 A Hidden Variable Model and Bell's Theorem
207(1)
6.17.5 Bell Inequality and Conventional Quantum Mechanics
208(2)
6.17.6 EPR Paradox: Quantum Mechanics vs. Special Relativity
210(1)
6.18 Quantum Computation and Teleportation
211(2)
Literature
212(1)
7 Quantum Electrodynamics
213(38)
7.1 Dirac Equation
213(9)
7.1.1 The Spin of the Electron
213(6)
7.1.2 Hydrogen Atom in Dirac's Theory
219(1)
7.1.3 Hole Theory and Positrons
220(2)
7.2 Intermezzo: Natural Units and the Metric Used in Particle Physics
222(1)
7.3 Quantized Fields and Particles
223(4)
7.4 Quantum Electrodynamics (QED)
227(14)
7.4.1 Unitarity in Quantum Electrodynamics
228(3)
7.4.2 Feynman Diagrams
231(1)
7.4.3 Virtual Particles
232(1)
7.4.4 Compton Scattering
232(4)
7.4.5 Electron Self-energy and Vacuum Polarization
236(3)
7.4.6 Renormalization and Running Coupling Constant
239(2)
7.5 Quantum Vacuum and Casimir Effect
241(1)
7.6 Principle of Gauge Invariance
242(4)
7.7 CPT Symmetry
246(1)
7.8 Grassmann Variables
247(4)
Literature
249(2)
8 Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Statistics
251(28)
8.1 Fermi-Dirac Statistics
251(2)
8.2 Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein Distributions
253(2)
8.3 The Ideal Electron Gas
255(2)
8.4 Heat Capacity of Metals
257(2)
8.5 Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators
259(2)
8.6 Electrons and Holes
261(1)
8.7 Applications of the Fermi-Dirac Statistics
261(9)
8.7.1 Quantum Hall Effect
261(7)
8.7.2 Graphene
268(2)
8.8 Bose-Einstein Statistics
270(1)
8.9 Einstein-Debye Theory of Heat Capacity
271(2)
8.10 Bose-Einstein Condensation
273(4)
8.11 Quantum Coherence
277(2)
Literature
278(1)
9 Four Fundamental Forces
279(16)
9.1 Gravity and Electromagnetism
279(1)
9.2 Strong Interactions
280(3)
9.3 Weak Interactions
283(1)
9.4 Parity Non-Conservation in Beta Decay
283(2)
9.5 Violation of CP and T Invariance
285(3)
9.6 Some Significant Numbers
288(1)
9.7 Death of Stars
289(2)
9.8 Neutron Stars and Pulsars
291(4)
Literature
293(2)
10 General Relativity and Cosmology
295(24)
10.1 Principle of Equivalence and General Relativity
296(2)
10.2 Gravitational Field and Geometry
298(5)
10.3 Affine Connection and Metric Tensor
303(2)
10.4 Gravitational Field Equations
305(2)
10.5 Cosmology
307(3)
10.6 Gravitational Radius and Collapse
310(7)
10.6.1 Wormholes
314(1)
10.6.2 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Accelerated Expansion
315(2)
10.7 Gravitation and Quantum Effects
317(1)
10.8 Cosmic Numbers
317(2)
Literature
318(1)
11 Unification of the Forces of Nature
319(34)
11.1 Theory of Weak Interactions
319(4)
11.2 Yang-Mills Fields
323(2)
11.3 Nambu--Goldstone Theorem
325(2)
11.4 Brout-Englert--Higgs Mechanism
327(1)
11.5 Glashow-Salam--Weinberg Model
328(5)
11.6 Electroweak Phase Transition
333(1)
11.7 Hadrons and Quarks
334(6)
11.8 Neutrino Oscillations and Masses
340(1)
11.9 Quantum Chromodynamics
341(4)
11.10 Grand Unification
345(1)
11.11 Inflation
346(2)
11.12 Supersymmetry and Superstrings
348(5)
Literature
351(2)
12 Physics and Life
353(12)
12.1 Order and Life
353(4)
12.2 Life and Fundamental Interactions
357(1)
12.3 Homochirality: Biological Symmetry Breaking
357(2)
12.4 Neutrinos and Beta Decay
359(2)
12.5 Anthropic Principle
361(1)
12.6 Search for Extraterrestrial Life
362(3)
Literature
363(2)
Author Index 365(4)
Subject Index 369
Masud Chaichian is an eminent particle physics theorist and professor of high-energy physics at the University of Helsinki.

Hugo Perez Rojas is Full Professor in the Institute of Cybernetics, Mathematics and Physics, Cuba. 



Anca Tureanu is Academy Research Fellow in the Department of Physics at the university of Helsinki.