Preface |
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xi | |
Authors |
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xiii | |
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Electric and Magnetic Fields: Basic Concepts |
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1 | (44) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (3) |
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Sources of Electric Fields (Maxwell's Equations) |
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8 | (4) |
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Sources of Magnetic Fields (Maxwell's Equations) |
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12 | (2) |
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Electric and Magnetic Field Interactions with Materials |
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14 | (3) |
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Other Electromagnetic Field Definitions |
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17 | (1) |
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Waveforms Used in Electromagnetics |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (2) |
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Root Mean Square or Effective Values |
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21 | (1) |
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Wave Properties in Lossless Materials |
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22 | (3) |
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Boundary Conditions for Lossless Materials |
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25 | (3) |
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Complex Numbers in Electromagnetics (the Phasor Transform) |
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28 | (2) |
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Wave Properties in Lossy Materials |
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30 | (4) |
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Boundary Conditions for Lossy Materials |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Behavior as a Function of Size and Wavelength |
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36 | (4) |
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Electromagnetic Dosimetry |
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40 | (5) |
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EM Behavior When the Wavelength Is Large Compared to the Object Size |
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45 | (50) |
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45 | (1) |
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Low-Frequency Approximations |
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46 | (1) |
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Fields Induced in Objects by Incident E Fields in Free Space |
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47 | (5) |
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E Field Patterns for Electrode Configurations |
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52 | (9) |
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Capacitor-Plate Electrodes |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (2) |
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In Vitro Electrode Configurations |
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57 | (4) |
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Electrodes for Reception and Stimulation in the Body |
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61 | (10) |
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64 | (1) |
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Electrophysiological Assessment |
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64 | (1) |
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Intracellular Recording: Receiving Signals from Brain and Nerves |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Impedance Monitoring for Lung Water Content and Percent Body Fat |
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66 | (2) |
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Electrodes for Stimulation |
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68 | (1) |
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Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibrillators |
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68 | (1) |
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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Fields Induced in Objects by Incident B Fields in Free Space |
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71 | (4) |
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E Field Patterns for In Vitro Applied B Fields |
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75 | (8) |
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Measurement of Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields |
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83 | (7) |
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90 | (5) |
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EM Behavior When the Wavelength Is About the Same Size as the Object |
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95 | (66) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (5) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (2) |
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Wave Reflection and Refraction |
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101 | (15) |
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Planewave Reflection at Metallic Interfaces |
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101 | (8) |
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Planewave Reflection and Refraction at Dielectric Interfaces |
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109 | (7) |
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116 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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Waves in Lossy Dielectrics |
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117 | (1) |
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Energy Absorption in Lossy Media |
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117 | (3) |
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Transmission Lines and Waveguides |
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120 | (15) |
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120 | (5) |
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TEM Systems for Exposing Biological Samples |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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TE and TM Mode Patterns in Rectangular Waveguides |
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128 | (3) |
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Mode Excitation and Cutoff Frequencies |
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131 | (3) |
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Waveguide Systems for Exposing Biological Samples |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (12) |
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150 | (4) |
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Diffraction from Apertures |
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150 | (2) |
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Diffraction from Periodic Structures |
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152 | (2) |
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Measurement of Mid-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields |
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154 | (6) |
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160 | (1) |
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EM Behavior When the Wavelength Is Much Smaller Than the Object |
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161 | (34) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (10) |
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Refraction at Dielectric Interfaces |
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163 | (2) |
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Optical Polarization and Reflection from Dielectric Interfaces |
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165 | (3) |
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Ray Tracing with Mirrors and Lenses |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (1) |
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Total Internal Reflection and Fiber Optic Waveguides |
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173 | (4) |
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175 | (1) |
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Single-Mode Optical Fibers |
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176 | (1) |
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Propagation of Laser Beams |
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177 | (6) |
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Linewidths of Laser Beams |
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177 | (1) |
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The Gaussian Spherical Profile |
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178 | (1) |
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Propagation Characteristics of a Gaussian Beam |
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179 | (2) |
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Focusing a Gaussian Beam with a Lens |
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181 | (1) |
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Applying the Gaussian Beam Equations |
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182 | (1) |
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Scattering from Particles |
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183 | (4) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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Photon Interactions with Tissues |
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187 | (4) |
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Light Scattering in Tissues and Photon Migration |
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188 | (1) |
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Tissue Absorption and Spectroscopy |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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Measurement of High-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields (Light) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (2) |
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Bioelectromagnetic Dosimetry |
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195 | (34) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (3) |
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Electrical Properties of the Human Body |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (6) |
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203 | (1) |
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SAR as a Function of Frequency |
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204 | (1) |
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Effects of Polarization on SAR |
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205 | (2) |
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Effects of Object Size on SAR |
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207 | (1) |
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Extrapolating from Experimental Animal Results to Those Expected in Humans |
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208 | (2) |
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Numerical Methods for Bioelectromagnetic Stimulation |
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210 | (12) |
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The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method |
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211 | (2) |
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Computation of Fields in a Human under a 60-Hz Power Line |
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213 | (1) |
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Computation of SAR from Cellular Telephones |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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Calculation of the E Fields Induced Near Implants During MRI |
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216 | (1) |
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Modeling an Implant in the Human Body |
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217 | (1) |
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Results of the Numerical Calculations |
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218 | (4) |
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Electromagnetic Regulations |
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222 | (4) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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Localized Exposure Limits |
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224 | (1) |
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Induced Current and Shock Guidelines |
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224 | (1) |
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Power-Line and Static Field Limits |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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Electromagnetics in Medicine: Today and Tomorrow |
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229 | (24) |
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229 | (1) |
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Fundamental Potential and Challenges |
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229 | (3) |
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Hyperthermia for Cancer Therapy |
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232 | (10) |
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Types of Hyperthermia Applicators |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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Engineering Problems Remaining in Hyperthermia |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (4) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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242 | (3) |
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy |
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245 | (1) |
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Proposed Bioelectromagnetic Effects |
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246 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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Spatial/Temporal Cellular Integration |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Temperature-Mediated Alteration of Membrane Ionic Transport |
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247 | (1) |
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Plasmon Resonance Mechanisms |
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247 | (1) |
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Radon Decay Product Attractors |
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247 | (1) |
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Rectification by Cellular Membranes |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Emerging Bioelectromagnetic Applications |
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248 | (3) |
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Low-Frequency Applications |
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249 | (1) |
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Medium-Frequency Applications |
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249 | (1) |
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High-Frequency Applications |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
Appendix A: Electrical Properties of the Human Body |
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253 | (4) |
Appendix B: Definition of Variables |
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257 | (6) |
Appendix C: Decibels |
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263 | (2) |
Index |
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265 | |