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El. knyga: Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450, Second Edition

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Feb-2010
  • Leidėjas: University of Chicago Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780226482040
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450, Second EditionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Feb-2010
  • Leidėjas: University of Chicago Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780226482040
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When it was first published in 1992, The Beginnings of Western Science was lauded as the first successful attempt ever to present a unified account of both ancient and medieval science in a single volume. Chronicling the development of scientific ideas, practices, and institutions from pre-Socratic Greek philosophy to late-Medieval scholasticism, David C. Lindberg surveyed all the most important themes in the history of science, including developments in cosmology, astronomy, mechanics, optics, alchemy, natural history, and medicine. In addition, he offered an illuminating account of the transmission of Greek science to medieval Islam and subsequently to medieval Europe.
            The Beginnings of Western Science was, and remains, a landmark in the history of science, shaping the way students and scholars understand these critically formative periods of scientific development. It reemerges here in a second edition that includes revisions on nearly every page, as well as several sections that have been completely rewritten. For example, the section on Islamic science has been thoroughly retooled to reveal the magnitude and sophistication of medieval Muslim scientific achievement. And the book now reflects a sharper awareness of the importance of Mesopotamian science for the development of Greek astronomy. In all, the second edition of The Beginnings of Western Science captures the current state of our understanding of more than two millennia of science and promises to continue to inspire both students and general readers.

Recenzijos

"As entertaining and educational as that organized by the best tour operator." - Charles Burnett, New York Times Book Review "Solidly based on a competent knowledge of a huge variety of primary sources and secondary studies, engagingly written, and well produced, it provides us for the first time with an authoritative account of Western science from its beginnings to the height of medieval scientific achievement." - Richard C. Dales, American Historical Review"

List of Illustrations xi
Preface xv
1 SCIENCE BEFORE THE GREEKS
1
What Is Science?
1
Prehistoric Attitudes toward Nature
3
The Beginnings of Science in Egypt and Mesopotamia
12
2 THE GREEKS AND THE COSMOS
21
The World of Homer and Hesiod
21
The First Greek Philosophers
25
The Milesians and the Question of Underlying Reality
27
The Question of Change
32
The Problem of Knowledge
33
Plato's World of Forms
34
Plato's Cosmology
38
The Achievement of Early Greek Philosophy
43
3 ARISTOTLE'S PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE
45
Life and Works
45
Metaphysics and Epistemology
46
Nature and Change
49
Cosmology
52
Motion, Terrestrial and Celestial
56
Aristotle as a Biologist
60
Aristotle's Achievement
65
4 HELLENISTIC NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
67
Schools and Education
67
The Lyceum after Aristotle
73
Epicureans and Stoics
76
5 THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES IN ANTIQUITY
82
The Application of Mathematics to Nature
82
Greek Mathematics
83
Early Greek Astronomy
86
Cosmological Developments
95
Hellenistic Planetary Astronomy
98
The Science of Optics
105
The Science of Weights
109
6 GREEK AND ROMAN MEDICINE
111
Early Greek Medicine
111
Hippocratic Medicine
113
Hellenistic Anatomy and Physiology
119
Hellenistic Medical Sects
122
Galen and the Culmination of Hellenistic Medicine
124
7 ROMAN AND EARLY MEDIEVAL SCIENCE
132
Greeks and Romans
132
Popularizers and Encyclopedists
136
Translations
146
The Role of Christianity
148
Roman and Early Medieval Education
150
Two Early Medieval Natural Philosophers
157
Learning and Science in the Greek East
158
8 ISLAMIC SCIENCE
163
Eastward Diffusion of Greek Science
163
The Birth, Expansion, and Hellenization of Islam
166
Translation of Greek Science into Arabic
169
Islamic Reception and Appropriation of Greek Science
173
The Islamic Scientific Achievement
176
The Fate of Islamic Science
189
9 THE REVIVAL OF LEARNING IN THE WEST
193
The Middle Ages
193
Carolingian Reforms
194
The Schools of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
203
Natural Philosophy in the Twelfth-Century Schools
209
The Translation Movement
215
The Rise of Universities
218
10 THE RECOVERY AND ASSIMILATION OF GREEK AND ISLAMIC SCIENCE 225
The New Learning
225
Aristotle in the University Curriculum
226
Points of Conflict
228
Resolution: Science as Handmaiden
233
Radical Aristotelianism and the Condemnations of 1270 and 1277
243
The Relations of Philosophy and Theology After 1277
249
11 THE MEDIEVAL COSMOS 254
The Structure of the Cosmos
254
Mathematical Astronomy
261
Astrology
270
The Surface of the Earth
277
12 THE PHYSICS OF THE SUBLUNAR REGION 286
Matter, Form, and Substance
286
Combination and Mixture
288
Alchemy
290
Change and Motion
295
The Nature of Motion
297
Mathematical Description of Motion
299
The Dynamics of Local Motion
306
Quantification of Dynamics
309
The Science of Optics
313
13 MEDIEVAL MEDICINE AND NATURAL HISTORY 321
The Medical Tradition of the Early Middle Ages
321
The Transformation of Western Medicine
329
Medical Practitioners
330
Medicine in the Universities
333
Disease, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy
335
Anatomy and Surgery
343
Development of the Hospital
348
Natural History
351
14 THE LEGACY OF ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SCIENCE 357
The Continuity Question
357
Candidates for Revolutionary Status
359
The Scientific Revolution
364
Notes 369
Bibliography 413
Index 463


David C. Lindberg is the Hilldale Professor Emeritus of the History of Science at the University of Wisconsin - Madison and former president of the History of Science Society. He is the author or editor of many books, including, with coeditor Ronald L. Numbers, When Science and Christianity Meet, also published by the University of Chicago Press.
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