Foreword |
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xiii | |
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Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
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xviii | |
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1 Understanding behavioural responses and their consequences |
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3 | (13) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 What causes changes in the average behavioural phenotype of populations? |
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4 | (4) |
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1.2.1 Covariance between trait and fitness: viability and fertility selection |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Between and within individual variation |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 When does behaviour change adaptively? |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4 Demography as a cause and consequence of behavioural adaptation |
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10 | (2) |
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1.4.1 Does adaptation always enhance persistence? No |
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11 | (1) |
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1.5 Conclusions: beyond changes in the population mean of a behaviour |
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12 | (4) |
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2 Environmental disturbance and animal communication |
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16 | (16) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Signals acquired from the human environment |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Matching signals to altered habitats |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (4) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.5 Population-level and evolutionary effects on signals |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (5) |
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3 The endocrine system: can homeostasis be maintained in a changing world? |
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32 | (14) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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3.3 Environmental disruption of the endocrine response |
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33 | (2) |
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3.4 Photoperiodism and climate change |
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35 | (1) |
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3.5 Urbanization and its ecological effects |
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36 | (1) |
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3.6 What do we know about the effects of urbanization on hormonal responses? |
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36 | (1) |
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3.7 Chemical pollution and endocrine disruption |
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37 | (4) |
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41 | (5) |
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4 Experience and learning in changing environments |
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46 | (17) |
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46 | (1) |
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4.2 Learning and its role in the development of behaviour |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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4.4 Interaction between innate and learnt responses |
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49 | (1) |
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4.5 Costs associated with learning |
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50 | (1) |
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4.6 Learning and evolution |
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51 | (1) |
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4.7 Learned responses to human induced environmental variation |
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52 | (5) |
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4.7.1 Learned responses to urbanization |
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54 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Learned responses to climate change |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (6) |
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63 | (17) |
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63 | (1) |
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5.2 Dispersal: a balance of costs and benefits |
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64 | (1) |
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5.3 Dispersal is a plastic behaviour |
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65 | (2) |
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5.4 Acquisition of information |
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67 | (2) |
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5.5 Dispersal in a changing landscape |
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69 | (6) |
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69 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Habitat fragmentation |
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71 | (3) |
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5.5.3 Dispersal as a mechanism for invasion and range shifts |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (5) |
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80 | (13) |
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80 | (1) |
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6.2 Environmental change and migration |
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81 | (1) |
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6.3 Migration time and fitness |
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82 | (2) |
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6.3.1 Migration time and fitness in birds |
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82 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Migration time and fitness in salmon |
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83 | (1) |
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6.4 Effects of climate change on migration time |
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84 | (3) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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6.5 Climate change and migration---consequences for populations |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (13) |
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93 | (1) |
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7.2 Effects of changes in food on foraging behaviour |
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94 | (3) |
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7.3 Effects of changes in predation danger on foraging behaviour |
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97 | (2) |
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7.4 Consequences for populations |
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99 | (2) |
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7.5 Consequences for communities and biodiversity |
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101 | (1) |
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7.6 Behaviour as a diagnosis tool |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (13) |
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106 | (1) |
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8.2 Domestication and its effects on reproductive behaviour |
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107 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Domestication and reproductive behaviour |
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107 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Domestication and changes in mate choice and mating behaviour |
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109 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Domestication and changes in parental effort and parental care |
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109 | (1) |
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8.3 Urbanization and its effects on reproductive behaviour |
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109 | (3) |
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8.3.1 Urbanization and reproductive behaviour |
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109 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Changes in fear responses due to urbanization |
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110 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Urbanization and changes in timing and duration of reproductive seasons |
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111 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Urbanization and changes in life history strategies |
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111 | (1) |
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8.4 Global change and its effects on reproductive behaviour |
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112 | (3) |
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8.4.1 Global change and behaviour |
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112 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Changes in singing behaviour in response to climate change |
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112 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Changes in intensity of sexual selection and climate |
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113 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Changes in infanticidal behaviour and climate change |
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114 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Changes in human harvesting and composition of animal populations |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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8.6 Future prospects for research |
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115 | (4) |
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119 | (10) |
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119 | (1) |
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9.2 What environmental factors might influence sociality and how do humans impact them? |
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120 | (2) |
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9.3 Adaptive social behaviour has demographic consequences |
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122 | (2) |
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9.4 Individual based models link environmental drivers with demographic outcomes |
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124 | (1) |
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9.5 Possible consequences in the Anthropocene |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (16) |
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129 | (3) |
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10.1.1 General mechanisms of impact |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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10.1.4 Ontogenetic changes |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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10.2 Effects of GEC on different types of behavioural interactions |
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132 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Parasitism/pathogens |
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134 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Consumer-resource interactions (predation and herbivory) |
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134 | (2) |
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10.3 Consequences of network architecture for the effects of GEC on species interactions |
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136 | (2) |
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10.4 Interactive effects of multiple drivers on species interactions |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (6) |
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11 Behavioural plasticity and environmental change |
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145 | (14) |
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145 | (4) |
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11.1.1 The special role of behavioural plasticity |
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146 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Potential fitness effects of behavioural plasticity |
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147 | (2) |
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11.2 Assessing the fitness consequences of behavioural plasticity |
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149 | (5) |
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11.2.1 Optimal plasticity |
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149 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Beneficial plasticity |
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150 | (2) |
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11.2.3 Maladaptive plasticity |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (5) |
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12 Population consequences of individual variation in behaviour |
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159 | (16) |
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159 | (2) |
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12.2 Should we expect a link between behaviour and population dynamics? |
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161 | (1) |
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12.3 Whose behaviour might be more likely to affect population dynamics? |
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162 | (1) |
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12.4 From the population to the individual level |
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163 | (3) |
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12.5 From the individual to the population level |
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166 | (2) |
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12.6 Is there potential for feedback between behaviour and population dynamics? |
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168 | (3) |
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12.7 Concluding remarks and future directions |
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171 | (4) |
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13 Ecosystem consequences of behavioural plasticity and contemporary evolution |
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175 | (15) |
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175 | (1) |
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13.2 Behavioural effects on ecosystems |
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176 | (3) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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13.3 Rapid behavioural trait change |
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179 | (4) |
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13.3.1 Behavioural plasticity |
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179 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Contemporary evolution |
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180 | (3) |
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13.4 Reaction norms and ecosystem effects |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (4) |
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14 The role of behavioural variation in the invasion of new areas |
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190 | (11) |
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190 | (1) |
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14.2 Behaviours influencing the process of spread |
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191 | (2) |
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14.2.1 The mechanics of spread |
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191 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Dispersal behaviour during spread |
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192 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Behaviour and population growth during spread |
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192 | (1) |
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14.3 The effect of behavioural variation on spread |
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193 | (2) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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14.4 Behavioural variation and the impacts of invasive species on natives |
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195 | (1) |
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14.5 Conclusion and future directions |
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196 | (5) |
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15 Sexual selection in changing environments: consequences for individuals and populations |
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201 | (15) |
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15.1 The importance of sexual selection |
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201 | (1) |
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15.1.1 Population-level consequences |
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202 | (1) |
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15.2 Sexual selection and the environment |
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202 | (2) |
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15.3 Consequences of environmental change |
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204 | (4) |
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15.3.1 Resource allocation and trade-offs |
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204 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Interactions among sexually selected traits |
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205 | (1) |
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15.3.3 Honesty of behavioural displays |
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206 | (1) |
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15.3.4 Impacts on population dynamics and selection processes |
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207 | (1) |
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15.4 How can animals respond? |
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208 | (4) |
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15.4.1 Phenotypic adjustment of behaviour |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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15.4.3 Population responses |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (4) |
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15.5.1 Taking account of the complexity of environmental change |
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212 | (1) |
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15.5.2 Multiple signals and multiple sensory modalities |
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212 | (1) |
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15.5.3 Is population rescue possible? |
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213 | (3) |
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16 Evolutionary rescue under environmental change? |
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216 | (18) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (8) |
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16.2.1 How important is genetic (as opposed to plastic) change? |
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217 | (2) |
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16.2.2 Will plasticity evolve? |
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219 | (1) |
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16.2.3 Is evolution fast enough? |
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220 | (2) |
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16.2.4 Standing genetic variation versus new mutations? |
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222 | (1) |
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16.2.5 How many genes and of what effect? |
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223 | (2) |
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16.3 Constraints on evolutionary responses to environmental change |
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225 | (3) |
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16.3.1 Limited genetic variation |
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225 | (1) |
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16.3.2 Trait correlations |
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226 | (1) |
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16.3.3 Ultimate constraints |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (6) |
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17 Ecotourism, wildlife management, and behavioural biologists: changing minds for conservation |
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234 | (17) |
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234 | (1) |
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17.2 Anthropogenic behavioural disturbance of wildlife |
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235 | (1) |
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17.3 Is behavioural change bad? |
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236 | (1) |
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17.4 What is conservation behaviour and how can it help? |
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237 | (1) |
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17.5 Recent literature in recreational disturbance of wildlife |
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238 | (7) |
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17.5.1 Conservation behaviour and the wildlife disturbance literature |
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239 | (1) |
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17.5.2 Methodological problems in the wildlife disturbance literature |
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239 | (5) |
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17.5.3 Wildlife disturbance science and conserving biodiversity |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (6) |
Index |
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251 | |