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El. knyga: Beyond the Nanoworld: Quarks, Leptons, and Gauge Bosons

  • Formatas: 292 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Jan-2008
  • Leidėjas: A K Peters
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439865217
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 292 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Jan-2008
  • Leidėjas: A K Peters
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781439865217
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Writing for readers with a general interest in science, Dosch (emeritus, physics, U. of Heidelberg, Germany) describes the development of particle physics in its search for particles and forces beyond the world of atoms and molecules (the nanoworld). He chronologically traces the history of the science in order to give readers a basic understanding of lepton, quarks, and gauge bosons, the elementary building blocks underlying atomic structure. He also discusses the ongoing search for the so-called Higgs boson, which must exist if the standard model of particle physics is correct. In addition to providing readers with a basic understanding of these particles, he also aims to show how closely intertwined theoretical and experimental advances have been in the search for them. Annotation ©2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Beyond the world of atoms, at scales smaller than the smallest nuclei, a new world comes into view, populated by an array of colorful elementary particles: strange and charmed quarks, muons and neutrinos, gluons and photons, and many others, all interacting in beautifully intricate patterns. Beyond the Nanoworld tells the story of how this new realm was discovered. From the first discoveries of subatomic structure to the present-day hunt for the Higgs particle, the reader is invited to follow the twin branches of experimental and theoretical research as they wind through the twentieth century, culminating in the most successful physical theory of all time: the standard model of particle physics.

Recenzijos

" a broad range of subjects he succeeds in clarifying complex connections. -Physik Journal, translated review of German Edition The book captivates by its alive and clear language, descriptive explanations as well as interesting analogies and philosophical notes...for the student, teacher, and layman. -Physik in unserer Zeit, translated review of German Edition -July 2007 "Dosch ... describes the field's historical unfolding, taking the reader deep into its concepts, experimental tools, and data diagrams." -Science News , March 2008 "A key feature of the book is that Dosch is careful to bring out the nature of the interaction between theory and experiment." -Physics World, May 2008 "Writing for readers with a general interest in science, Dosch ... describes the development of particle physics in its search for particles and forces beyond the world of atoms and molecules (the nanoworld)." -BOOK NEWS Inc., June 2008 "A clear introduction to the subatomic building blocks that make up our Universe, with minimal mathematics, aimed at a general reader interested in particle physics." -Nature Physics, May 2008 [ The author] has a knack for showing, with very little mathematics, the many difficulties and wrong turns in this development [ of particle physics]. ... Beyond the Nanoworld might be particularly useful to undergraduates interested in future work in particle physics, and to scientists in other fields and other areas of physics. A welcome addition to any academic library. -R. L. Stearns, CHOICE Magazine , July 2008"

Preface xi
1 The Heroic Time 1
1.1 Introduction
1
1.2 Brave Old World
6
1.3 Detection of Particles
16
1.4 Quantum Physics Becomes Decisive
21
1.5 Symmetries in Particle Physics
40
1.6 The .Discovery of the Positron and the Mesotron
53
1.7 Early Accelerators
59
2 The Great Leap Forward 63
2.1 The Predicted Meson Is Found
63
2.2 Strange Particles Cause Excitement
66
2.3 Particles Slightly out of Tune
72
2.4 Successes and Failures of Quantum Field Theory
74
2.5 The Beginnings of a New Spectroscopy
78
2.6 Producing More and Seeing Better
82
2.7 More and More New Particles
85
2.8 The Surprises of the Weak Interaction
90
3 Up by Their Own Bootstraps 97
3.1 S-Matrix Theory
97
3.2 Scattering Amplitudes
99
3.3 Bootstrapping and Nuclear Democracy
104
3.4 Rigorous Theorems and Complex Angular Momenta
107
4 Composite Elementary Particles 111
4.1 First Attempts
111
4.2 The Eightfold Way
114
4.3 The Quark Model
120
4.4 The Quarks Assume Color
127
5 On the Path to the Standard Model 131
5.1 The Master of the Gauge
131
5.2 New Dimensions for the Gauge
138
5.3 Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
141
5.4 The Higgs-Kibble Dinner
147
5.5 Anomalies
149
5.6 Better Counters, Better Accelerators, and Better Beams
150
5.7 The Electron Microscopes of Particle Physics
156
5.8 Deep Inelastic Scattering
159
6 The Standard Model of Particle Physics 165
6.1 Introduction
165
6.2 A Model for Leptons
167
6.3 Weak Currents
170
6.4 The Strong Interaction Becomes Dynamic
177
6.5 Running Coupling and Asymptotic Freedom
179
6.6 Quantitative Calculations in Strong Interactions
186
6.7 Quantum Chromodynamics on the Lattice
189
6.8 The Consolidation of the Standard Model
192
6.9 Quark Masses and Their Consequences
203
6.10 The Standard Model in All Its Glory
207
7 Storm Clouds or the Dawn of a New Physics? 213
7.1 Neutrinos, Too, Are Out of Tune
213
7.2 Why Do Elementary Particles Have Mass?
219
7.3 The Grand Unification
221
7.4 Supersymmetry
223
7.5 Monopoles
226
7.6 The Microcosm and the Macrocosm
228
7.7 Silent Strings
234
8 Epilog 239
8.1 Peculiarities of Particle Physics
239
8.2 Philosophy
245
A Glossary 251
B Physical Units 263
C Nobel Prize Winners 267
D Recommended Reading 277
Index 279


Dosch, H. G.