| Foreword |
|
xv | |
| Preface |
|
xix | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xxiii | |
|
SECTION I SETTING THE SCENE |
|
|
|
1 Ecosystem Services and the Concept of Integrated Soil Biology Management |
|
|
3 | (12) |
|
Agriculture from an Ecological Perspective |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Biotic Interactions within the Soil Food Web |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Biological Control of Plant-parasitic Nematodes |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
The Rise of Conservation Agriculture |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Biological Control of Nematodes: Current Status and the Way Forward |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
Integrated Soil Biology Management |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Transferring Ecological Knowledge into Practical Outcomes |
|
|
10 | (5) |
|
SECTION II THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT, SOIL ECOLOGY, SOIL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE |
|
|
|
2 The Soil Environment and the Soil-Root Interface |
|
|
15 | (33) |
|
The Process of Soil Formation and the Composition of Soil |
|
|
16 | (3) |
|
The soil mineral fraction |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (3) |
|
Impact of Organic Matter on Soil Properties |
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
Organic matter and soil physical fertility |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Organic matter and soil chemical fertility |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Organic matter and soil biological fertility |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
The Soil Environment and Its Impact on Nematodes and Other Soil Organisms |
|
|
23 | (4) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (16) |
|
Roots and rhizodeposits: the energy source that sustains the soil biological community |
|
|
28 | (4) |
|
Microbial inhabitants of the soil and rhizosphere |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Microbial colonization of the rhizosphere |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Communication within th rhizosphere |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Plant-microbe-faunal interactions in the rhizosphere |
|
|
36 | (4) |
|
Effects of rhizosphere inhabitants on plant growth |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Manipulating the rhizosphere community |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
Implications for Biological Control |
|
|
43 | (5) |
|
Impact of the soil environment |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
Multitrophic interactions in a complex environment |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
The soil and rhizosphere as a source of antagonists |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Establishment of biological control agents in soil and the rhizosphere |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Manipulating the soil biological community |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
The role of organic matter |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
3 The Soil Food Web and the Soil Nematode Community |
|
|
48 | (29) |
|
Major Groups of Organisms in Soil |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Structure of the Soil Food Web |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Impact of Land Management on Energy Channels within the Soil Food Web |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
Interactions within the Soil Food Web |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Populations by Resource Supply and Predation |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Impacts of the Soil Food Web on Ecosystem Processes: Storage and Cycling of Nutrients |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
The Soil Nematode Community |
|
|
59 | (12) |
|
Trophic groups within the soil nematode community |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
A functional guild classification for soil nematodes |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Ecological roles of free-living nematodes |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
Regulation of populations |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Major groups of plant-feeding nematodes and their economic impact |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
Population dynamics and damage thresholds |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Implications for Biological Control |
|
|
71 | (6) |
|
The role of the soil food web and the soil environment |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Major crops and nematode pests: their relevance to biological control |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
Endoparasitic nematodes as a target for biological control agents |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
Features that protect plant-parasitic nematodes from parasitism and predation |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
4 Global Food Security, Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture |
|
|
77 | (24) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Sustainable Farming Systems |
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
Sustainable agricultural intensification |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Continual cropping and maintenance of a permanent cover of plant residues |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Improved crop yield potential |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Efficient water management |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Integrated pest management |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Integrated crop and livestock production |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
81 | (9) |
|
Management impacts on soil health and the role of conservation agriculture |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Other management practices to improve soil health |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Well-adapted, high-yielding varieties |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
Optimal nutrient management |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Efficient water management |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Integrated pest management |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Variable-rate application and site-specific management |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Integrated crop and livestock production |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Ecologically sound management systems: the pathway to healthy soils |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Soil-health benefits from conservation agriculture and precision farming: Australian examples |
|
|
86 | (2) |
|
Indicators of soil health |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
Ecological Knowledge, Biotic Interactions and Agricultural Management |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
Management effects on the soil biota and the limiting role of the environment |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Provision of ecosystem services by the soil biota and the role of management |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
Integrated Soil Biology Management |
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
Ecologically Based Management Systems and the Role of Farmers |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
Implications for Biological Control |
|
|
96 | (5) |
|
SECTION III NATURAL ENEMIES OF NEMATODES |
|
|
|
5 Nematophagous Fungi and Oomycetes |
|
|
101 | (56) |
|
Taxonomy, Infection Mechanisms, General Biology and Ecology |
|
|
102 | (4) |
|
Nematode-trapping fungi in the order Orbiliales |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
General biology and ecology |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
Fungal and oomycete parasites of vermiform nematodes |
|
|
106 | (18) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (2) |
|
Nematoctonus, Hohenbuehelia and Pleurotus |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
Nematophagous oomycetes: Myzocytiopsis, Haptoglossa, Nematophthora and Lagenidiaceae |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
|
|
115 | (1) |
|
|
|
115 | (4) |
|
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
Brachyphoris, Vermispora and the ARF fungus |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
Fungal-Nematode Interactions in Soil |
|
|
127 | (4) |
|
Saprophytic and parasitic modes of nutrition |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Factors influencing the saprophytic and parasitic activity of nematophagous fungi in soil |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Density-dependent response as nematode populations increase |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
Competition from other soil organisms for nutrients |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Competition for nitrogen in high-carbon, low-nitrogen environments |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Nematophagous Fungi as Agents for Suppressing Nematode Populations |
|
|
131 | (21) |
|
Occurrence in agricultural soils |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
Population density and predacious activity in soil |
|
|
132 | (4) |
|
The regulatory capacity of nematophagous fungi |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Host specificity within the nematophagous fungi |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Interactions between nematophagous fungi and nematodes in the rhizosphere |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Association of nematode-trapping and endoparasitic fungi with roots |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
Rhizosphere competence of fungi and oomycetes capable of parasitizing nematode cysts and eggs |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
Nematophagous fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
Citrus root weevil, entomopathogenic nematodes and nematophagous fungi in citrus soil |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Moth larvae, entomopathogenic nematodes and nematophagous fungi in natural shrub-land soil |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
The impact of organic matter on predacious activity |
|
|
146 | (4) |
|
Other factors influencing predacious activity |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
Maximizing the Predacious Activity of Nematophagous Fungi in Agricultural Soils |
|
|
152 | (5) |
|
6 Nematodes, Mites and Collembola as Predators of Nematodes, and the Role of Generalist Predators |
|
|
157 | (36) |
|
|
|
157 | (14) |
|
Characteristics of the five major groups of predatory nematodes |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
The prey of predatory soil nematodes |
|
|
159 | (4) |
|
Predatory nematodes as regulatory forces in the soil food web |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
Impacts of agricultural management on omnivorous nematodes and generalist predators |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Short- and long-term effects of soil fumigation |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
Negative effects of other agricultural management practices |
|
|
165 | (2) |
|
Management to maintain a well-structured soil food web |
|
|
167 | (3) |
|
Maintaining the suppressive services provided by predatory nematodes and other generalist predators |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Predatory nematodes and inundative biocontrol |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Microarthropods as Predators of Nematodes |
|
|
171 | (10) |
|
The main members of the soil mesofauna: mites, Collembola and Symphyla |
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
Evidence of nematophagy in various groups of microarthropods |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Results from field observations, feeding studies and analyses of gut contents |
|
|
172 | (2) |
|
Detection of predation using stable isotope ratios and molecular techniques |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Studies of `fungivorous' and `predatory' arthropods in microcosms |
|
|
175 | (2) |
|
Mesostigmata as predators of nematodes in agroecosystems |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Management to enhance microarthropod abundance and diversity in agricultural soils |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
Miscellaneous Predators of Nematodes |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Generalist Predators as Suppressive Agents |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
|
|
185 | (8) |
|
Generalist predators as indicators of ecological complexity and a capacity to suppress pests |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Conservation (or autonomous) biological control |
|
|
186 | (2) |
|
Practices associated with developing self-regulating agroecosystems |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
The disconnect between agricultural scientists, soil ecologists and the farming community |
|
|
188 | (5) |
|
7 Obligate Parasites of Nematodes: Viruses and Bacteria in the Genus Pasteuria |
|
|
193 | (32) |
|
Viral Infectious Agents of Nematodes |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Bacteria in the Genus Pasteuria |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
Distribution, host range and diversity |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
Pasteuria penetrans: A Parasite of Root-knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) |
|
|
196 | (14) |
|
Life cycle and development |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
Pathogenicity, pathogenesis and the impact of temperature |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Estimating endospore numbers in soil |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
The interaction between P. penetrans and its nematode host in soil |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Endospore production and release into soil |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
The impact of the physical and chemical environment on endospores, and on the spore-attachment process |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
Impact of spore concentration on nematode infectivity and fecundity |
|
|
204 | (4) |
|
Miscellaneous factors influencing the production and survival of endospores in soil |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
The potential of P. penetrans as a biological control agent |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
Pasteuria as a Parasite of Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.) |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
Taxonomy, phylogeny and "host specificity |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Ecology and biological control potential |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Candidatus Pasteuria usgae Parasitic on Sting Nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) |
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
Taxonomy and host specificity |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
Ecology and biological control potential |
|
|
213 | (3) |
|
Commercial products created by in vitro culture |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Pasteuria as a Parasite of Other Plant-parasitic and Free-living Nematodes |
|
|
216 | (4) |
|
Parasitism of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) by Pasteuria thornei |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Parasitism of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) by Pasteuria |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
An isolate of Pasteuria parasitizing a reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Density-dependent parasitism of Xiphinema diversicaudatum by Pasteuria |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Associations between Pasteuria and other nematodes |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
220 | (5) |
|
SECTION IV PLANT-MICROBIAL SYMBIONT-NEMATODE INTERACTIONS |
|
|
|
8 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Endophytic Fungi, Bacterial Endophytes and Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria |
|
|
225 | (30) |
|
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
|
|
225 | (9) |
|
Benefits to plants from a symbiotic relationship |
|
|
|
With arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
Interactions between plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
228 | (3) |
|
Management to enhance arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Fallow management, cropping intensity, crop sequence and cover cropping |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Other crop and soil management practices |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
Improving soil and plant health, and managing nematodes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (5) |
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Nematode control with endophytic strains of Fusarium oxysporum |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
Approaches to utilizing Fusarium-mediated resistance to plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Endophytic nematophagous fungi |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Concluding remarks on fungal endophytes: moving into uncharted waters |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
Bacterial Endophytes and Rhizosphere-inhabiting Bacteria |
|
|
239 | (11) |
|
Mechanisms associated with growth promotion by rhizobacteria |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Production of plant growth regulators |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
Suppression of soilborne pathogens |
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
The impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
Interactions between rhizosphere- and root-inhabiting bacteria and plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms by which root-associated bacteria influence plant-parasitic nematodes |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Production of bioactive compounds |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Chitinolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activity |
|
|
246 | (2) |
|
Induction of systemic resistance |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Manipulating populations of rhizobacteria for nematode management |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Impact of crop rotation, organic amendments and other practices |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Root-associated Symbionts: Only One Component of the Rhizosphere Microbiome |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
SECTION V NATURAL SUPPRESSION AND INUNDATIVE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL |
|
|
|
9 Suppression of Nematodes and Other Soilborne Pathogens with Organic Amendments |
|
|
255 | (25) |
|
Organic Matter-mediated Suppressiveness for Managing Soilborne Diseases |
|
|
256 | (6) |
|
Sources of organic matter for use as amendments, and their beneficial effects |
|
|
256 | (2) |
|
Impact of organic source and application rate on disease suppression |
|
|
258 | (1) |
|
Effects on pathogen populations and disease |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Variation in responses to organic inputs |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Indicators of broad-spectrum disease suppressiveness |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
Organic Matter-mediated Suppressiveness to Plant-parasitic Nematodes |
|
|
262 | (15) |
|
Soil fertility and plant nutrition effects of organic amendments |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Nematicidal compounds from decomposing organic matter |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
Pre-formed chemicals in plant materials |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
Chemicals released during the decomposition process |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
The contribution of phytochemicals to the nematicidal effects of organic amendments |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
Nematicidal properties of nitrogenous amendments |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Enhancing biological control mechanisms with organic amendments |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
Impact of amendments on natural enemies, particularly nematophagous fungi |
|
|
269 | (2) |
|
The capacity of different types of organic matter to enhance biological mechanisms of nematode suppression |
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
Amendments with a high C:N ratio: are they the key to more sustained suppressiveness? |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
Temporal effects of amending soil with organic matter |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Incorporation of amendments versus mulching |
|
|
275 | (2) |
|
The way forward: combining multiple mechanisms of action |
|
|
277 | (3) |
|
10 Specific Suppression of Plant-parasitic Nematodes |
|
|
280 | (24) |
|
The Role of Fungi and Oomycetes in the Decline of Heterodera avenae |
|
|
280 | (6) |
|
Parasitism of Meloidogyne spp. on Peach by Brachyphoris oviparasitica |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Suppression of Heterodera schachtii by Brachyphoris oviparasitica and Other Fungi |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Parasitism of Mesocriconema xenoplax and Heterodera spp. by Hirsutella rhossiliensis |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
Decline of Heterodera glycines and the Possible Role of Egg-parasitic Fungi |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
Suppression of Root-knot Nematode by Pochonia chlamydosporia and Other Organisms |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
Suppression of Heterodera glycines and Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Suppression of Root-knot Nematodes by Pasteuria penetrans |
|
|
294 | (3) |
|
Suppression of Heterodera glycines by Pasteuria nishizawae |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
Management Options to Enhance Specific Suppressiveness |
|
|
298 | (3) |
|
The role of tolerance, resistance and crop rotation |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Integrated management to improve the efficacy of Pasteuria |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
Making Better Use of Natural Control: The Way Forward |
|
|
301 | (3) |
|
11 Integrated Soil Biology Management: The Pathway to Enhanced Natural Suppression of Plant-parasitic Nematodes |
|
|
304 | (38) |
|
Assessing Soils for Suppressiveness to Plant-parasitic Nematodes |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
Survey methods to identify nematode-suppressive soils |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Bioassays for suppressiveness |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Indicators of suppressiveness |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
Modifying Farming Systems to Enhance Suppressiveness |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Organic Matter Management: The Key to General Suppressiveness |
|
|
309 | (5) |
|
Management impacts on soil carbon, and flow-on effects to the soil biota |
|
|
309 | (3) |
|
Tillage and its impact on suppressiveness |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Using organic amendments, cover crops and mulches to enhance suppressiveness |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Impact of Management on Specific Suppressiveness |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Integrated Nematode Management or Integrated Soil Biology Management? |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
Integrated Soil Biology Management in Various Farming Systems: The Pathway to Enhanced Suppressiveness |
|
|
317 | (20) |
|
Grains, oilseeds, pulses, fibre crops and pastures |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
The key role of conservation agriculture |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
Integration of pastures into crop-based farming systems |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
Impact of management on soil biological parameters |
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
Crop rotation, cover cropping and other practices |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
|
|
328 | (2) |
|
Enhancement of general suppressiveness |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Enhancement of specific suppressiveness |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
An example of progress: nematode-suppressive soils in sugarcane |
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Impediments to the Development and Adoption of Farming Systems that Improve Soil Health and Enhance Suppressiveness |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Sustainable Weed Management Systems for Minimum-till Agriculture: A Priority for Research |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
The Way Forward: A Farming Systems Approach to Managing Nematodes |
|
|
339 | (3) |
|
12 Biological Products for Nematode Management |
|
|
342 | (51) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
General Soil Biostasis and the Fate of Introduced Organisms |
|
|
344 | (4) |
|
Monitoring Introduced Biological Control Agents |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
Commercial Implementation of Biological Control |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Inundative Biological Control of Nematodes: An Assessment of Progress with a Diverse Range of Potentially Useful Organisms |
|
|
351 | (32) |
|
|
|
351 | (7) |
|
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
|
|
362 | (5) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
|
|
370 | (5) |
|
Predatory and entomopathogenic nematodes, and microarthropods |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Rhizobacteria and bacterial endophytes |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
379 | (2) |
|
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Combinations of Biocontrol Agents |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
The Role of Organic Amendments in Enhancing the Performance of Biological Products for Nematode Control |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Inundative Biological Control as a Component of Integrated Nematode Management |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (6) |
|
SECTION VI SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, PRACTICAL GUIDELINES AND FUTURE RESEARCH |
|
|
|
13 Biological Control as a Component of Integrated Nematode Management: The Way Forward |
|
|
393 | (15) |
|
Ecosystem Services Provided by the Soil Biological Community, and the Key Role of Organic Matter |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Farming Systems to Improve Soil Health and Sustainability |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Will Suppressiveness be Enhanced by Modifying the Farming System? |
|
|
395 | (3) |
|
The impact of plant residues, root exudates and other sources of organic matter on natural enemies of nematodes |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
The role of continual cropping and increased cropping intensities |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Reducing tillage results in multiple benefits that will improve soil health and enhance suppressiveness |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
The Role of Inundative and Inoculative Biological Control |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Moving from Theory to Practice: Issues Requiring Attention |
|
|
398 | (8) |
|
Assessment of suppressive services in long-term trials |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Relationships between soil carbon status, biological activity, biodiversity and general suppressiveness |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Management of specific suppressiveness |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Understanding interactions between the nematode community, natural enemies and organic matter |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Food preferences of parasites and predators in the soil environment |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Improved monitoring and diagnostic services for nematode pests and their natural enemies |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Coping with biological complexity |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Multidisciplinary research, innovation networks, research/extension models and the role of farmers |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
The efficacy of inundative biological control in complex and dynamic soil environments |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
14 A Practical Guide to Improving Soil Health and Enhancing Suppressiveness to Nematode Pests |
|
|
408 | (21) |
|
Sustainable Agriculture and its Ecological Basis |
|
|
408 | (7) |
|
Biological communities and ecosystem services |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Soil biological communities |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (3) |
|
Soil physical and chemical fertility, and the role of organic matter |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Soil fertility decline and the impact of management |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Inadequate residue management |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Excessive fertilizer and pesticide inputs |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Sustainable farming systems |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
A Guide to Improving Soil Health and Minimizing Losses from Soilborne Diseases |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Step 1 Assess soil health |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Step 2 Assess impacts of the farming system on soil health and consider options for improvement |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Step 3 Modify soil and crop management practices and assess the outcomes |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Biological Control of Nematodes: One of Many Important Ecosystem Services |
|
|
417 | (3) |
|
Nematode-suppressive soils |
|
|
418 | (2) |
|
Nematode Management within Sustainable Farming Systems |
|
|
420 | (5) |
|
Examples of potentially sustainable farming systems |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Large-scale production of grains, oilseeds, fibre crops and pastures |
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Perennial trees and vines |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Indicators of improvement |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Potential problems and possible solutions |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Questions Related to Soil Health, Soil Organic Matter and Nematode Management |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
Useful Information on Soil Health |
|
|
427 | (2) |
| References |
|
429 | (66) |
| Index of Soil Organisms by Genus and Species |
|
495 | (6) |
| General Index |
|
501 | |
More info about CABI e-books