Contributors |
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Chapter 1 Overview of biopolymers: resources, demands, sustainability, and life cycle assessment modeling and simulation |
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1 | (20) |
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Nimisha Pulikkal Sukumaran |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Segmentation of resources |
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2 | (6) |
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1.2.1 Direct extraction from biomass |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Synthetic biopolymers from microbial production or fermentation |
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4 | (4) |
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1.3 Global market demands and challenges |
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8 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Nutraceutical industry |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5 Life cycle assessment |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (7) |
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Chapter 2 Biopolymers and their classifications |
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21 | (24) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2 Classification of biopolymers |
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22 | (11) |
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2.2.1 Natural biopolymers |
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23 | (7) |
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2.2.2 Synthetic biopolymers |
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30 | (3) |
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2.3 Classifications based on repeating unit |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (10) |
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Chapter 3 Isolation and physicochemical characterization of biopolymers |
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45 | (36) |
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45 | (1) |
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3.2 Plant-derived biopolymers |
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46 | (11) |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (7) |
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3.3 Animal-based biopolymers |
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57 | (9) |
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3.3.1 Chitin and chitosan |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (3) |
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3.4 Microorganism-based biopolymers |
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66 | (6) |
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66 | (6) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (9) |
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Chapter 4 Methodologies for selecting biopolymers and their characteristic features for industrial applications |
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81 | (24) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.2 Classification and formation of various biopolymers |
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82 | (2) |
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4.3 Characteristic features of biopolymers |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4 Selection criteria of biopolymers for different industrial applications |
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85 | (15) |
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86 | (8) |
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94 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Sports and electronics |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Cosmetics and packaging |
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97 | (1) |
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4.4.7 Papermaking and textile |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Biopolymer blends and composites: processing technologies and their properties for industrial applications |
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105 | (44) |
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E. Jackcina Stobel Christy |
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105 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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5.3 Processing technologies and properties of various biopolymers |
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108 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Classification of biopolymers |
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110 | (1) |
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5.4 Biodegradable polymers obtained by natural resources |
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110 | (6) |
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5.4.1 Cellulose and its derivatives |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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5.5 Biodegradable polymers obtained by chemical synthesis |
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116 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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5.6 Modification of biopolymers |
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118 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Chemical approaches |
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120 | (1) |
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5.7 Biopolymer composites and their applications |
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120 | (17) |
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5.7.1 Applications in the medical field |
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120 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Applications in food packaging |
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122 | (4) |
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5.7.3 Application in ultraviolet protection |
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126 | (4) |
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5.7.4 Application in pharmaceutical coating processes |
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130 | (1) |
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5.7.5 Application in industrial wastewater |
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131 | (6) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (10) |
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Chapter 6 Biopolymers in the food and nutraceutical industries |
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149 | (26) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2 Classification of biopolymers |
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150 | (2) |
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6.2.1 Biopolymers produced from microorganisms |
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151 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Biopolymers synthesized from bioderived monomers |
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151 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Biopolymers extracted from biomass |
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152 | (1) |
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6.3 Properties of biopolymers |
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152 | (3) |
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6.3.1 Mechanical properties of films |
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152 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Barrier properties of films |
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153 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Additional properties of films |
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154 | (1) |
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6.4 Application of biopolymers |
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155 | (10) |
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6.4.1 Application of biopolymers in food industries |
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155 | (8) |
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6.4.2 Application of biopolymers in nutraceuticals |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (10) |
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Chapter 7 Biopolymers and their role in medicinal and pharmaceutical applications |
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175 | (18) |
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175 | (1) |
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7.2 Biopolymers and their use in biomedical applications |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (7) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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7.4 Synthetic biopolymers |
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183 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (8) |
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Chapter 8 Biopolymers in textile industries |
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193 | (26) |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (3) |
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8.2.1 Textile processes in a nutshell |
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194 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Traditional textile fibers |
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195 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Introduction to biomaterials |
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196 | (1) |
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8.3 Applications of biomaterials in the textile industry |
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197 | (1) |
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8.4 Type of biopolymers used in the textile industries |
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198 | (10) |
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8.4.1 Cellulose and cellulose derivatives |
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198 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Chitin and chitosan |
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200 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Natural animal textile fibers |
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201 | (2) |
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8.4.4 Chicken feather fiber |
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203 | (1) |
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8.4.5 Alginate-based fibers |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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8.4.9 Microbial extracellular polymeric substances |
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206 | (2) |
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8.5 Characterization methods |
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208 | (5) |
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8.5.1 Characterization of the employed biopolymer |
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209 | (4) |
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8.5.2 Characterization of textile fabrics |
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213 | (1) |
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8.6 Perspective of using biopolymers in textiles |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Biopolymer applications in cosmeceutical industries |
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219 | (26) |
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E. Jackcina Stobel Christy |
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9.1 Introduction to biopolymers |
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219 | (1) |
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9.2 Cosmeceuticals and their history |
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220 | (1) |
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9.3 Active ingredients and their mechanisms of action |
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221 | (6) |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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9.4 Biopolymers for cosmeceuticals |
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227 | (11) |
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9.4.1 Proteins in cosmeceuticals |
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227 | (5) |
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9.4.2 Polysaccharides in cosmeceuticals |
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232 | (6) |
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9.5 Conclusions and future prospects |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (6) |
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Chapter 10 Biodegradable polymers as packaging materials |
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245 | (16) |
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245 | (1) |
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10.2 Classification of biopolymers |
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245 | (3) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Chitin or chitosan |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Polyvinyl alcohol) |
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248 | (1) |
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10.3 Biopolymers for packaging applications |
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248 | (7) |
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10.3.1 Protein-based biomaterials |
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248 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Lipids and composite biomaterial |
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250 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Polysaccharide-based biomaterial |
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250 | (4) |
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10.3.4 Cellulose-based biopolymers |
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254 | (1) |
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10.4 Biodegradable polymers in food packaging applications |
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255 | (1) |
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10.4.1 Polylactic aliphatic copolymer |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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10.5 Drawbacks of plastic packaging applications |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Biopolymers in the automotive and adhesive industries |
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261 | (20) |
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261 | (5) |
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11.1.1 Biodegradable polymers |
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263 | (1) |
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11.1.2 Synthesis and processing of biopolymers |
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264 | (2) |
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11.1.3 Properties of biopolymers |
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266 | (1) |
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11.2 Automotive applications |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (4) |
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11.3.1 B iopolymer adhesives |
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269 | (3) |
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11.4 Bionanocomposites for adhesive and automotive applications |
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272 | (3) |
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11.5 Advantages and limitations |
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275 | (2) |
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11.6 Challenges and future perspectives |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Biopolymers: opportunities and challenges for 3D printing |
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281 | (24) |
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281 | (2) |
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12.2 Categories of additive manufacturing |
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283 | (3) |
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12.2.1 Fused deposition modeling |
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283 | (1) |
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12.2.2 Vat photopolymerization |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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12.3 Biopolymers for 3D printing |
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286 | (12) |
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12.3.1 3D printing of cellulose |
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286 | (3) |
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12.3.2 3D printing of lignin |
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289 | (1) |
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12.3.3 3D printing of alginate |
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289 | (2) |
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12.3.4 3D printing of chitosan |
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291 | (1) |
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12.3.5 3D printing of starch |
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292 | (1) |
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12.3.6 3D printing of polylactic acid |
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293 | (3) |
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12.3.7 3D printing of polycaprolactone |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (4) |
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Chapter 13 Biopolymer composites in supercapacitor and energy storage devices |
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305 | (26) |
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305 | (4) |
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13.1.1 Different types of capacitors and batteries |
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307 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Difference between capacitors, supercapacitors, and batteries |
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308 | (1) |
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13.2 Biopolymers in supercapacitors |
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309 | (3) |
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13.3 Properties of electrode materials |
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312 | (2) |
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13.4 Capacitance and specific capacitance |
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314 | (3) |
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13.5 General introduction to batteries |
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317 | (8) |
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13.5.1 Biopolymers in batteries |
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320 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Binder and active materials of anode |
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320 | (1) |
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13.5.3 Cellulose as a biopolymer electrode |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (5) |
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Chapter 14 Biopolymers in environmental applications: industrial wastewater treatment |
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331 | (20) |
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331 | (1) |
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14.2 Polysaccharide-derived materials for wastewater treatment |
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332 | (8) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (4) |
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14.2.3 Other polysaccharides |
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339 | (1) |
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14.3 Protein-derived materials for wastewater treatment |
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340 | (3) |
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14.4 Concluding remarks and future perspectives |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (7) |
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Chapter 15 Advantages of biopolymers over synthetic polymers: social, economic, and environmental aspects |
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351 | (22) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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15.3 Biodegradability of polymers |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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15.5 Life cycle assessment |
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358 | (4) |
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15.6 Environmental impacts |
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362 | (2) |
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15.7 Health and safety impacts |
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364 | (1) |
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15.8 Advanced applications of biopolymers |
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364 | (3) |
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365 | (1) |
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15.8.2 Polycaprolactone and collagen |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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15.8.5 Turmeric nanofibers |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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15.9 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (5) |
Index |
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