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El. knyga: Biopolymers and Their Industrial Applications: From Plant, Animal, and Marine Sources, to Functional Products

Edited by , Edited by (Co-Founder and Director of Molecules Food Solutions Pvt Ltd, Zingon Naturals Pvt Ltd., India), Edited by (Senior Scientist, Department of Research and Development, Molecules Food Solutions Private Limited, Kerala, India)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Oct-2020
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128192597
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Oct-2020
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128192597

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Biopolymers and Their Industrial Applications: From Plant, Animal, and Marine Sources to Functional Products is a detailed guide to the use of biopolymers for advanced applications across a range of key industries. In terms of processing and cost, bio-based polymers are becoming increasingly viable for an ever-broadening range of novel industrial applications. The book begins with an overview of biopolymers, explaining resources, demands, sustainability, life cycle assessment (LCA) modeling and simulation, and classifications. Further in-depth chapters explore the latest techniques and methodologies for isolation and physicochemical characterization, materials selection, and processing for blends and composites.

Chapters 6 to 14 each focus on the preparation and applications of biopolymers in a specific industrial area, including food science and nutraceuticals, medicine and pharmaceuticals, textiles, cosmeceutical, packaging, adhesives and automotive, 3D printing, super capacitor and energy storage devices, and environmental applications. The final chapter compares and analyzes biopolymers alongside synthetic polymers, also offering valuable insight into social, economic, and environmental aspects. This is an essential resource for those seeking to understand, research, or utilize biopolymers in industrial applications. This includes researchers, scientists, and advanced students working in biopolymers, polymer science, polymer chemistry, biomaterials, materials science, nanotechnology, composites, and biotechnology. This is a highly valuable book for scientists, R&D professionals, designers, and engineers across multiple industries and disciplines, who are looking to utilize biopolymers for components and products.

  • Introduces a broad range of industrial application areas, including food, medicine, textiles, cosmetics, packaging, automotive, 3D printing, energy, and more
  • Offers an industry-oriented approach, addressing challenges and explaining the preparation and application of biopolymers for functional products and parts
  • Considers important factors such as resources, classification, sustainability, and life cycle assessment (LCA) modeling and simulation
  • Compares and analyzes biopolymers alongside synthetic polymers, also offering valuable insight into social, economic, and environmental aspects
Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Overview of biopolymers: resources, demands, sustainability, and life cycle assessment modeling and simulation
1(20)
Nimisha Pulikkal Sukumaran
Sreeraj Gopi
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Segmentation of resources
2(6)
1.2.1 Direct extraction from biomass
3(1)
1.2.2 Synthetic biopolymers from microbial production or fermentation
4(4)
1.3 Global market demands and challenges
8(4)
1.3.1 Medical industry
8(1)
1.3.2 Material industry
9(2)
1.3.3 Cosmetic industry
11(1)
1.3.4 Nutraceutical industry
11(1)
1.4 Sustainability
12(1)
1.5 Life cycle assessment
12(2)
1.6 Conclusion
14(1)
References
14(7)
Chapter 2 Biopolymers and their classifications
21(24)
Rahul Singh
Sanjeev Gautam
Bhasha Sharma
Purnima Jain
Krishna Dutt Chauhan
Abbreviations
21(1)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Classification of biopolymers
22(11)
2.2.1 Natural biopolymers
23(7)
2.2.2 Synthetic biopolymers
30(3)
2.3 Classifications based on repeating unit
33(1)
2.3.1 Protein
33(1)
2.3.2 Keratin
33(1)
2.3.3 Nucleic acid
34(1)
2.4 Conclusion
34(1)
Acknowledgments
35(1)
References
35(10)
Chapter 3 Isolation and physicochemical characterization of biopolymers
45(36)
Joby Jacob
Sreeraj Gopi
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Plant-derived biopolymers
46(11)
3.2.1 Starch
46(4)
3.2.2 Cellulose
50(7)
3.3 Animal-based biopolymers
57(9)
3.3.1 Chitin and chitosan
57(1)
3.3.2 Silk fibroin
58(3)
3.3.3 Keratin
61(2)
3.3.4 Collagen
63(3)
3.4 Microorganism-based biopolymers
66(6)
3.4.1 Pullulan
66(6)
3.5 Conclusion
72(1)
References
72(9)
Chapter 4 Methodologies for selecting biopolymers and their characteristic features for industrial applications
81(24)
Roshin U. Thankachen
Akhila Nair
Jithin Raj
Neha Naijo Areekal
Pooja M. Udayakumar
Jdzef T. Haponiuk
Sreeraj Gopi
4.1 Introduction
81(1)
4.2 Classification and formation of various biopolymers
82(2)
4.3 Characteristic features of biopolymers
84(1)
4.4 Selection criteria of biopolymers for different industrial applications
85(15)
4.4.1 Medicine
86(8)
4.4.2 Agriculture
94(1)
4.4.3 Sports and electronics
95(1)
4.4.4 Automotives
95(1)
4.4.5 Food
96(1)
4.4.6 Cosmetics and packaging
97(1)
4.4.7 Papermaking and textile
98(1)
4.4.8 Concrete
98(1)
4.4.9 Gene therapy
99(1)
4.5 Future perspective
100(1)
Acknowledgment
100(1)
References
101(4)
Chapter 5 Biopolymer blends and composites: processing technologies and their properties for industrial applications
105(44)
A. Rajeswari
E. Jackcina Stobel Christy
Anitha Pius
5.1 Introduction
105(2)
5.1.1 Types of polymers
106(1)
5.2 Biopolymers
107(1)
5.3 Processing technologies and properties of various biopolymers
108(2)
5.3.1 Classification of biopolymers
110(1)
5.4 Biodegradable polymers obtained by natural resources
110(6)
5.4.1 Cellulose and its derivatives
110(2)
5.4.2 Starch
112(1)
5.4.3 Chitosan
113(3)
5.4.4 Collagens
116(1)
5.5 Biodegradable polymers obtained by chemical synthesis
116(2)
5.5.1 Polyglycolic acid
117(1)
5.5.2 Polyvinyl alcohol
117(1)
5.6 Modification of biopolymers
118(2)
5.6.1 Blending
118(1)
5.6.2 Plasticization
119(1)
5.6.3 Chemical approaches
120(1)
5.7 Biopolymer composites and their applications
120(17)
5.7.1 Applications in the medical field
120(2)
5.7.2 Applications in food packaging
122(4)
5.7.3 Application in ultraviolet protection
126(4)
5.7.4 Application in pharmaceutical coating processes
130(1)
5.7.5 Application in industrial wastewater
131(6)
5.8 Conclusion
137(2)
Acknowledgments
139(1)
References
139(10)
Chapter 6 Biopolymers in the food and nutraceutical industries
149(26)
Aparajita Banerjee
6.1 Introduction
149(1)
6.2 Classification of biopolymers
150(2)
6.2.1 Biopolymers produced from microorganisms
151(1)
6.2.2 Biopolymers synthesized from bioderived monomers
151(1)
6.2.3 Biopolymers extracted from biomass
152(1)
6.3 Properties of biopolymers
152(3)
6.3.1 Mechanical properties of films
152(1)
6.3.2 Barrier properties of films
153(1)
6.3.3 Additional properties of films
154(1)
6.4 Application of biopolymers
155(10)
6.4.1 Application of biopolymers in food industries
155(8)
6.4.2 Application of biopolymers in nutraceuticals
163(2)
6.5 Conclusion
165(1)
References
165(10)
Chapter 7 Biopolymers and their role in medicinal and pharmaceutical applications
175(18)
Karthik Varma
Sreeraj Gopi
7.1 Introduction
175(1)
7.2 Biopolymers and their use in biomedical applications
175(1)
7.3 Chitin/chitosan
176(7)
7.3.1 Alginate
179(1)
7.3.2 Cellulose
179(1)
7.3.3 Collagen
180(1)
7.3.4 Hyaluronic acid
180(1)
7.3.5 Silk
181(1)
7.3.6 Keratin
181(1)
7.3.7 Gelatin
182(1)
7.3.8 Starch
182(1)
7.4 Synthetic biopolymers
183(2)
7.4.1 Polyesters
183(1)
7.4.2 Polyphosphazenes
184(1)
7.4.3 Polyanhydrides
184(1)
7.4.4 Polyurethanes
184(1)
7.5 Conclusion
185(1)
References
185(8)
Chapter 8 Biopolymers in textile industries
193(26)
Arash Jahandideh
Mojdeh Ashkani
Nasrin Moini
8.1 Introduction
193(1)
8.2 Background
194(3)
8.2.1 Textile processes in a nutshell
194(1)
8.2.2 Traditional textile fibers
195(1)
8.2.3 Introduction to biomaterials
196(1)
8.3 Applications of biomaterials in the textile industry
197(1)
8.4 Type of biopolymers used in the textile industries
198(10)
8.4.1 Cellulose and cellulose derivatives
198(2)
8.4.2 Chitin and chitosan
200(1)
8.4.3 Natural animal textile fibers
201(2)
8.4.4 Chicken feather fiber
203(1)
8.4.5 Alginate-based fibers
203(2)
8.4.6 Carrageenan
205(1)
8.4.7 Guar gum
205(1)
8.4.8 Gum arabic
206(1)
8.4.9 Microbial extracellular polymeric substances
206(2)
8.5 Characterization methods
208(5)
8.5.1 Characterization of the employed biopolymer
209(4)
8.5.2 Characterization of textile fabrics
213(1)
8.6 Perspective of using biopolymers in textiles
213(2)
8.7 Conclusion
215(1)
References
215(4)
Chapter 9 Biopolymer applications in cosmeceutical industries
219(26)
E. Jackcina Stobel Christy
A. Rajeswari
Anitha Pius
9.1 Introduction to biopolymers
219(1)
9.2 Cosmeceuticals and their history
220(1)
9.3 Active ingredients and their mechanisms of action
221(6)
9.3.1 Retinoids
221(3)
9.3.2 Antioxidants
224(1)
9.3.3 Peptides
224(1)
9.3.4 Moisturizers
225(1)
9.3.5 Sunscreens
226(1)
9.4 Biopolymers for cosmeceuticals
227(11)
9.4.1 Proteins in cosmeceuticals
227(5)
9.4.2 Polysaccharides in cosmeceuticals
232(6)
9.5 Conclusions and future prospects
238(1)
Acknowledgments
239(1)
References
239(6)
Chapter 10 Biodegradable polymers as packaging materials
245(16)
Rahul Singh
Rukmani Sharma
Mohd Shaqib
Anjana Sarkar
Krishna Dutt Chauhan
10.1 Introduction
245(1)
10.2 Classification of biopolymers
245(3)
10.2.1 Cellulose
246(1)
10.2.2 Starch
246(1)
10.2.3 Chitin or chitosan
247(1)
10.2.4 Polycaprolactone
247(1)
10.2.5 Polyvinyl alcohol)
248(1)
10.3 Biopolymers for packaging applications
248(7)
10.3.1 Protein-based biomaterials
248(2)
10.3.2 Lipids and composite biomaterial
250(1)
10.3.3 Polysaccharide-based biomaterial
250(4)
10.3.4 Cellulose-based biopolymers
254(1)
10.4 Biodegradable polymers in food packaging applications
255(1)
10.4.1 Polylactic aliphatic copolymer
256(1)
10.4.2 PLA-starch blends
256(1)
10.5 Drawbacks of plastic packaging applications
256(1)
Acknowledgments
257(1)
References
257(4)
Chapter 11 Biopolymers in the automotive and adhesive industries
261(20)
Shreya Sharma
Bhasha Sharma
Ankit Manral
Parmendra Kumar Bajpai
Purnima Jain
11.1 Introduction
261(5)
11.1.1 Biodegradable polymers
263(1)
11.1.2 Synthesis and processing of biopolymers
264(2)
11.1.3 Properties of biopolymers
266(1)
11.2 Automotive applications
266(2)
11.3 Adhesives
268(4)
11.3.1 B iopolymer adhesives
269(3)
11.4 Bionanocomposites for adhesive and automotive applications
272(3)
11.5 Advantages and limitations
275(2)
11.6 Challenges and future perspectives
277(1)
11.7 Conclusion
277(1)
Acknowledgment
278(1)
References
278(3)
Chapter 12 Biopolymers: opportunities and challenges for 3D printing
281(24)
R.A. Pradhan
S.S. Rahman
Ahmed Qureshi
Aman Ullah
12.1 Introduction
281(2)
12.2 Categories of additive manufacturing
283(3)
12.2.1 Fused deposition modeling
283(1)
12.2.2 Vat photopolymerization
283(1)
12.2.3 Material jetting
284(2)
12.3 Biopolymers for 3D printing
286(12)
12.3.1 3D printing of cellulose
286(3)
12.3.2 3D printing of lignin
289(1)
12.3.3 3D printing of alginate
289(2)
12.3.4 3D printing of chitosan
291(1)
12.3.5 3D printing of starch
292(1)
12.3.6 3D printing of polylactic acid
293(3)
12.3.7 3D printing of polycaprolactone
296(2)
12.4 Current challenges
298(2)
12.5 Future directions
300(1)
12.6 Conclusion
300(1)
References
301(4)
Chapter 13 Biopolymer composites in supercapacitor and energy storage devices
305(26)
Subramani Sundharamurthi
T.R. Sreeraj
Augustine Amalraj
Sreeraj Gopi
13.1 Introduction
305(4)
13.1.1 Different types of capacitors and batteries
307(1)
13.1.2 Difference between capacitors, supercapacitors, and batteries
308(1)
13.2 Biopolymers in supercapacitors
309(3)
13.3 Properties of electrode materials
312(2)
13.4 Capacitance and specific capacitance
314(3)
13.5 General introduction to batteries
317(8)
13.5.1 Biopolymers in batteries
320(1)
13.5.2 Binder and active materials of anode
320(1)
13.5.3 Cellulose as a biopolymer electrode
321(1)
13.5.4 Lignin
322(1)
13.5.5 Chitosan
323(2)
13.6 Conclusion
325(1)
References
326(5)
Chapter 14 Biopolymers in environmental applications: industrial wastewater treatment
331(20)
Muhammad Zubair
Aman Ullah
14.1 Introduction
331(1)
14.2 Polysaccharide-derived materials for wastewater treatment
332(8)
14.2.1 Chitosan
333(2)
14.2.2 Cellulose
335(4)
14.2.3 Other polysaccharides
339(1)
14.3 Protein-derived materials for wastewater treatment
340(3)
14.4 Concluding remarks and future perspectives
343(1)
References
344(7)
Chapter 15 Advantages of biopolymers over synthetic polymers: social, economic, and environmental aspects
351(22)
N.S.K. Gowthaman
H.N. Lim
T.R. Sreeraj
Augustine Amalraj
Sreeraj Gopi
15.1 Introduction
351(2)
15.2 Biopolymers
353(1)
15.3 Biodegradability of polymers
354(2)
15.4 Economic evaluation
356(2)
15.5 Life cycle assessment
358(4)
15.6 Environmental impacts
362(2)
15.7 Health and safety impacts
364(1)
15.8 Advanced applications of biopolymers
364(3)
15.8.1 Polysaccharides
365(1)
15.8.2 Polycaprolactone and collagen
365(1)
15.8.3 Chitosan
366(1)
15.8.4 Biowastes
366(1)
15.8.5 Turmeric nanofibers
366(1)
15.8.6 Ginger nanofibers
367(1)
15.9 Conclusion and future perspectives
367(1)
References
368(5)
Index 373
Dr. Sabu Thomas (Ph.D.) is the Director of the School of Energy Materials, School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Mahatma Gandhi University, India. He received his Ph. D. in 1987 in Polymer Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London, and a member of the American Chemical Society. He has been ranked no.1 in India about the number of publications (most productive scientists). Prof. Thomass research group specialized areas of polymers which includes Polymer blends, Fiber filled polymer composites, Particulate-filled polymer composites and their morphological characterization, Ageing and degradation, Pervaporation phenomena, sorption and diffusion, Interpenetrating polymer systems, Recyclability and reuse of waste plastics and rubbers, Elastomer cross-linking, Dual porous nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering, etc. Prof. Thomass research group has extensive exchange programs with different industries, research, and academic institutions all over the world and is performing world-class collaborative research in various fields. Professors Centre is equipped with various sophisticated instruments and has established state-of-the-art experimental facilities which cater to the needs of researchers within the country and abroad. His H Index- 133, Google Citations- 86424, Number of Publications- 1300, and Books-160.

Dr. Sreeraj Gopi is the Co-Founder and Director of Molecules Food solutions Pvt Ltd, Zingon Naturals Pvt Ltd. He was the Chief Scientist at Plant Lipids Pvt Ltd. and Chief Scientific Officer at Aurea Biolabs Pvt Ltd., He has also served as an adjunct professor at universities including Stockholm University, Sweden, Siberian Federal University, Russia, and Mahatma Gandhi University, India. He completed his doctorate in organic chemistry and nanotechnology, and nano drug delivery working in the area of natural products, isolation, and biological activities. He published more than 175 international articles and filed more than 75 patents, in the US and Europe. At Plant Lipids, he developed many innovative products and technologies, and is responsible for driving the research team to excellence, as well as, implementing new projects, presenting scientific seminars to various customers. He was listed world's top 2% scientist list by Standford University.

Dr. Augustine Amalraj is currently working as a Senior Scientist in the Department of Research and Development at Molecules Food Solutions Private Limited, Koratty, Thrissur, Kerala, India. He was worked as a Deputy Manager in the Department of Research and Development at Plant Lipids Private Limited and Aurea Biolabs Private Limited, Cochin, India. He obtained his Doctoral degree in Chemistry from Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed University, Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India. His research interests are in applied chemistry, food chemistry, natural product chemistry, environmental chemistry, chemosensors, and polymer and nanocomposite materials. He has published more than 60 research articles in international journals, as well as 22 book chapters, co-edited 10 books and filed 3 patents. He was listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world by Stanford University.