Preface |
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xi | |
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xv | |
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1 New Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Electrochemical Biosensor Development |
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7 | (30) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (12) |
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1.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes Used in Catalytic Biosensors |
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4 | (6) |
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1.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes Used in Affinity Biosensors |
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10 | (5) |
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1.3 Conductive Polymer Nanostructures |
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15 | (8) |
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1.3.1 Conductive Polymer Nanostructures Used in Catalytic Biosensors |
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15 | (5) |
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1.3.2 Conductive Polymer Nanostructures Used in Affinity Biosensors |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Nanoparticles Used in Catalytic Biosensors |
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23 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Nanoparticles Used in Affinity Biosensors |
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24 | (6) |
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30 | (7) |
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30 | (7) |
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2 Advanced Nanoparticles in Medical Biosensors |
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37 | (20) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (13) |
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39 | (4) |
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2.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Silica-Based Nanoparticles |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (2) |
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2.3 Conclusions and Outlook |
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52 | (5) |
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53 | (4) |
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3 Smart Polymeric Nanofibers Resolving Biorecognition Issues |
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57 | (16) |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (2) |
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3.2.1 pH-Sensitive Nanofibers |
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61 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Temperature-Responsive Nanofibers |
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61 | (1) |
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3.3 Electrospinning of Nanofibers |
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62 | (2) |
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3.4 Biorecognition Devices |
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64 | (5) |
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69 | (4) |
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70 | (3) |
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4 Fabrication and Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors |
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73 | (22) |
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73 | (1) |
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4.2 Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors and their Fabrication |
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74 | (8) |
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4.2.1 Types of Nanobiosensors |
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74 | (1) |
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4.2.1.1 Electrochemical Biosensors |
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75 | (1) |
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4.2.1.2 Calorimetric Biosensors |
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76 | (1) |
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4.2.1.3 Optical Biosensors |
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76 | (2) |
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4.2.1.4 Piezoelectric Biosensors |
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78 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Fabrication of Biosensors |
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78 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1 Immobilization of Biomolecules |
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78 | (2) |
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4.2.2.2 Conjugation of Biomolecules and Nanomaterials |
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80 | (1) |
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4.2.2.3 Newer Nanobiosensing Technologies |
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80 | (2) |
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4.3 Evaluation of Nanoparticle-Based Nanosensors |
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82 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Structural Characterization of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors |
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82 | (1) |
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4.3.1.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy |
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82 | (1) |
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4.3.1.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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83 | (1) |
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4.3.1.3 Atomic Force Microscopy |
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84 | (1) |
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4.3.1.4 X-Ray Diffraction |
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84 | (1) |
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4.3.1.5 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
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85 | (1) |
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4.3.1.6 UV/Visible Spectroscopy |
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85 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Functional Characterization of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3.2.1 Quartz Crystal Microbalance |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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4.3.2.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance |
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87 | (1) |
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4.3.2.4 Cyclic Voltammetry |
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87 | (1) |
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4.4 Applications of Nanoparticle-Based Biosensors |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (6) |
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89 | (6) |
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5 Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Synthesis and Applications |
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95 | (22) |
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95 | (1) |
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5.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Biosensor Supports |
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96 | (8) |
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98 | (1) |
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5.2.1.1 Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes |
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98 | (1) |
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5.2.1.2 Application of Carbon Nanotubes as Biosensor Supports |
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99 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Nanoparticles for Enzyme Immobilization |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2.2.1 General Consideration |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2.2.2 Application of Nanoparticles as Biosensor Supports |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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5.3 Application of Enzyme-Based Biosensors |
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104 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Environmental Monitoring |
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104 | (1) |
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5.3.1.1 Phenolic Derivatives |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Medical Diagnostics |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (68) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (68) |
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6 Energy Harvesting for Biosensors Using Biofriendly Materials |
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117 | (10) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Why are We Moving Towards Biofriendly Materials? |
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118 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Why are We Moving Towards Energy Harvesting? |
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118 | (7) |
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6.2 Energy Production and Consumption |
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118 | (1) |
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6.3 Classification of Energy-Harvesting Devices |
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119 | (5) |
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124 | (3) |
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125 | (11) |
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7 Carbon Nanotubes: In Vitro and In Vivo Sensing and Imaging |
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127 | (34) |
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127 | (1) |
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7.2 Carbon Nanotubes: Structure, Physical and Chemical Properties, and Applications |
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128 | (4) |
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7.3 Near-IR Absorption of Carbon Nanotubes |
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132 | (2) |
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7.4 Near-IR Photoluminescence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
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134 | (11) |
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7.4.1 Study Internalization Mechanism and In Vitro, In Vivo, and Long-Term Fate of Carbon Nanotubes |
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136 | (2) |
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7.4.2 In Vitro and In Vivo Molecular Detection and Imaging |
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138 | (1) |
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7.4.2.1 Molecular Detection and Imaging Based on the Intrinsic Near-IR Fluorescence: Immunoassay |
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138 | (2) |
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7.4.2.2 Near-IR Photoluminescence Transduction Based on Band Gap Modulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes |
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140 | (4) |
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7.4.2.3 Other Sensing and Imaging Mechanisms |
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144 | (1) |
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7.5 Raman Scattering of Carbon Nanotubes |
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145 | (10) |
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7.5.1 Molecule Sensing and Imaging Based on Carbon Nanotube Raman Scattering |
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147 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Study of Internalization, In Vitro Cellular and In Vivo Tissue Biodistribution, and Long-Term Fate |
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149 | (6) |
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7.6 Conclusions and Outlook |
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155 | (6) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (5) |
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8 Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated Detection of Proteins |
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161 | (16) |
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8.1 Introduction to Liposomes |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (7) |
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8.2.1 Detection of Antigens |
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162 | (5) |
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8.2.2 Detection of Viruses |
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167 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Detection of Enzymes |
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169 | (1) |
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8.3 Polymerized Liposomes |
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169 | (5) |
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8.3.1 Detection of Viruses |
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170 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Detection of Antigens |
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171 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Detection of Proteins |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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174 | (3) |
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9 Nanomaterials for Optical Imaging |
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177 | (22) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (14) |
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9.2.1 Doped Nanoparticles for In Vivo Imaging |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Application of Quantum Dots for In Vivo Imaging |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (4) |
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9.2.4.1 Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Fluorescence Imaging |
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185 | (1) |
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9.2.4.2 Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Photoacoustic Imaging |
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186 | (2) |
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9.2.5 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles |
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188 | (1) |
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9.2.5.1 Liposomes as Imaging Carriers |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (2) |
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9.3 Conclusions and Outlook |
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192 | (7) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (7) |
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10 Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Biosensors |
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199 | (22) |
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199 | (1) |
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10.2 Attachment of Biomolecules to Quantum Dots |
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200 | (1) |
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10.3 Quantum Dot-Based Redox Proteins Biosensor |
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200 | (13) |
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10.3.1 Glucose Oxidase-Quantum Dot-Based Glucose Biosensor |
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200 | (4) |
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10.3.2 Hemoglobin-Quantum Dot-Based H2O2 Biosensor |
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204 | (4) |
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10.3.3 Myoglobin-Quantum Dot-Based H2O2 Biosensor |
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208 | (3) |
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10.3.4 Laccase-Quantum Dot-Based Ascorbic Acid Biosensor |
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211 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Acetylcholinesterase-Quantum Dot-Based Inhibitor Biosensor |
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211 | (2) |
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10.4 Quantum Dot-Based Electrochemical Biosensors of Proteins and DNA |
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213 | (4) |
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217 | (4) |
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218 | (3) |
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11 Functionalized > Graphene for Biosensing Applications |
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221 | (16) |
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221 | (1) |
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11.2 Preparation of Grapheme |
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221 | (3) |
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11.3 Functionalized Graphene with Metal Nanoparticles |
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224 | (1) |
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11.4 Glucose Biosensors Based on Graphene |
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225 | (3) |
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11.5 Immunosensors Based on Graphene |
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228 | (1) |
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11.6 Other Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Graphene |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (4) |
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234 | (3) |
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12 Current Frontiers in Electrochemical Biosensors Using Chitosan Nanocomposites |
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237 | (10) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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12.3 Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Biosensors |
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240 | (5) |
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12.3.1 Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Amperometric Biosensors |
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240 | (2) |
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12.3.2 Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Potentiometric Biosensors |
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242 | (2) |
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12.3.3 Chitosan Nanocomposite-Based Conductimetric Biosensors |
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244 | (1) |
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12.4 Conclusions and Future Aspects |
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245 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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13 Nanomaterials as Promising DNA Biosensors |
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247 | (8) |
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247 | (1) |
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13.2 Nanomaterials as Signal Amplifiers for Hybridization |
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248 | (4) |
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248 | (1) |
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13.2.1.1 Gold Nanoparticles |
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249 | (1) |
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13.2.1.2 Silver Nanoparticles |
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249 | (1) |
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13.2.1.3 Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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13.2.3 Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical DNA Sensors |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (3) |
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253 | (2) |
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14 Nanocomposites and their Biosensor Applications |
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255 | (14) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
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14.2.1 Ceramic Matrix Nanocomposites |
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257 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites |
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258 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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14.5 Biosensors Applications |
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264 | (1) |
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14.6 Nanocomposites for Biosensor Applications |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (3) |
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266 | (3) |
Index |
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269 | |