| About the authors |
|
vii | |
|
|
|
xv | |
|
|
|
1 | (8) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Distributed ledger technology |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Regulatory and legal challenges |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Decentralised autonomous organisations |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
Natural resources industry |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
General Data Protection Regulation |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
Chapter 2 What Are Blockchain And Cryptocurrency? |
|
|
9 | (16) |
|
|
|
9 | (6) |
|
|
|
9 | (5) |
|
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (10) |
|
|
|
15 | (10) |
|
Chapter 3 Regulatory And Legal Challenges |
|
|
25 | (12) |
|
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
Regulation of cryptoassets |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
27 | (7) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Does a user's public key constitute `personal data'? |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Ownership of IP of information contained in the blockchain |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
What is the legal status of decentralised autonomous organisations? |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Is the data on the blockchain `property' for the purposes of the Law of Property Act 1925? |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
What is the effect of this? |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
Smart contracts - what are they? |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Who are the parties to a `smart contract'? |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
What are the benefits of a `smart contract'? |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
What are the ingredients for a `smart contract'? |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Is a `smart contract' sufficient to govern a contractual relationship on its own? |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Where does the liability fall under a `smart contract'? |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Chapter 4 Global Regulation: Uk and Eu Member States |
|
|
37 | (14) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Declaration for European Blokchian partnership |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
The EU Blockchain Observatory and Forum |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
What are the requirements of being and authorised person? |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
How is currency regulated across the EU |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
Regulation in other European jurisdictions (case studies) |
|
|
44 | (7) |
|
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
Chapter 5 Global Regulation: North America |
|
|
51 | (10) |
|
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
|
55 | (6) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
Chapter 6 Global Regulation: The Rest Of The World |
|
|
61 | (12) |
|
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
Divergent philosophies on cryptocurrency and blockchain regulation |
|
|
64 | (9) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
Kazakhstan, Belarus and Estonia |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Chapter 7 Initial Coin Offerings |
|
|
73 | (20) |
|
|
|
73 | (4) |
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
What is the regulatory picture in the United States? |
|
|
74 | (3) |
|
|
|
77 | (8) |
|
What is the regulatory position in the UK'? |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
How might ICOs be regulated in the UK? |
|
|
80 | (5) |
|
Restrictions of marketing an ICO which is a CIS or an AIF |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
The limited approach of the European Union |
|
|
85 | (4) |
|
The Chinese case study of prohibition |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Chapter 8 The Internet Of Things |
|
|
93 | (26) |
|
|
|
93 | (11) |
|
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
Security problems with the IoT |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
How does a director mitigate this security concern? |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
Who owns the data collected through the IoT? |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (5) |
|
|
|
104 | (9) |
|
How does GDPR apply to the IoT? |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
Will the ePrivacy Regulation apply to the IoT? |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
What is the Cybersecurity Certification Framework? |
|
|
108 | (5) |
|
Why does the Network Infrastructure Security Directive (`NISD') not apply to the IoT? |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (6) |
|
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
Chapter 9 Right To Be Forgotten And Right To Erasure |
|
|
119 | (10) |
|
|
|
119 | (6) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
Fundamental issues with right to erasure/right to be forgotten and their enforcement |
|
|
120 | (3) |
|
Methods of data protection and data privacy |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
What are the effects on compliance if data is pseudonymised? |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (4) |
|
Other DLTs and GDPR compliance |
|
|
125 | (4) |
|
Chapter 10 Natural Resources |
|
|
129 | (28) |
|
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
Is blockchain the answer to the `trilemma'? |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
What is the key regulatory question? |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
What other regulatory issues need to be addressed? |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Non-renewables and intermediaries |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
Renewables and electricity |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (15) |
|
Information storage, transparency and real-time tracking |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Distributed technology and the energy market |
|
|
140 | (3) |
|
Obstacles for blockchain in the natural resources industry and energy sector |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Blockchain as a disruptive technology |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
Strong and weak smart contracts |
|
|
145 | (2) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Addressing some of the unique challenges of the natural resources industry |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
Solutions, opportunities for regulation and conclusions |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
A possible blueprint for regulation |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 Decentralised Autonomous Organisations: Regulation And Liability |
|
|
157 | (6) |
|
Understanding decentralised autonomous organisations |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
The legal status and other issues around DAOs |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
160 | (3) |
| Appendix 1 General Data Protection Regulation |
|
163 | (124) |
| Appendix 2 Cryptoassets Taskforce: final report (October 2018) |
|
287 | (58) |
| Appendix 3 Cryptocurrencies and blockchain - Legal context and implications for financial crime, money laundering and tax evasion (European Parliament, July 2018) |
|
345 | (2) |
| Index |
|
347 | |
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas