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El. knyga: Building Services Design for Energy Efficient Buildings

(Brunel University, UK), (Brunel University, UK), (Brunel University, UK), (Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers, UK)
  • Formatas: 390 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jul-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351261142
  • Formatas: 390 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jul-2020
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351261142

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The role and influence of building services engineers are undergoing rapid change and are pivotal to achieving low-carbon buildings. However, textbooks in the field have tended to remain fairly traditional with a detailed focus on the technicalities of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, often with little wider context. This book addresses that need by embracing a contemporary understanding of the urgent challenge to address climate change, together with practical approaches to energy efficiency and carbon mitigation for mechanical and electrical systems, in a concise manner.

The essential conceptual design issues for planning the principal building services systems that influence energy efficiency are examined in detail. These are HVAC and electrical systems. In addition, the following issues are addressed:

  • background issues on climate change, whole-life performance and design collaboration
  • generic strategies for energy efficient, low-carbon design
  • health and wellbeing and post occupancy evaluation
  • building ventilation
  • air conditioning and HVAC system selection
  • thermal energy generation and distribution systems
  • low-energy approaches for thermal control
  • electrical systems, data collection, controls and monitoring
  • building thermal load assessment
  • building electric power load assessment
  • space planning and design integration with other disciplines.

In order to deliver buildings that help mitigate climate change impacts, a new perspective is required for building services engineers, from the initial conceptual design and throughout the design collaboration with other disciplines. This book provides a contemporary introduction and guide to this new approach, for students and practitioners alike.

Acknowledgements ix
Introduction 1(3)
1 Background for an energy-efficient and low-carbon built environment
4(25)
1.1 Introduction
4(1)
1.2 Principal threats to the global environment
4(2)
1.3 The greenhouse effect, global warming and climate change
6(3)
1.4 Likely impacts of climate change and the challenge of mitigation
9(2)
1.5 Energy use and carbon emissions from buildings
11(4)
1.6 Energy grids: adequacy of infrastructure and security of supply
15(2)
1.7 Other environmental impacts of the built environment
17(1)
1.8 Materials usage and embodied energy/carbon
18(1)
1.9 The need to plan for adaptation
19(1)
1.10 General concepts for whole-life holistic design
20(7)
1.11 Summary
27(2)
2 Interdisciplinary design collaboration for energy-efficient buildings
29(31)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Design team structures and roles
30(8)
2.3 Design appointments and work stages
38(1)
2.4 Brief development
39(3)
2.5 Design objectives for building services engineers
42(11)
2.6 Provision for testing and commissioning
53(1)
2.7 Legislation, regulations and consents
53(5)
2.8 Quality management for designers
58(1)
2.9 Summary
59(1)
3 Generic design strategies for energy-efficient, low-carbon buildings
60(30)
3.1 Introduction
60(1)
3.2 Developing a focused approach
60(4)
3.3 Energy strategy reports
64(1)
3.4 The building envelope and passive design measures
65(8)
3.5 Active elements: engineering systems
73(8)
3.6 Whole-life operation: management regime
81(2)
3.7 Heat pumps for heating
83(1)
3.8 CHP and the impact of grid decarbonisation on liability
83(2)
3.9 Regulatory context: Building Regulations Approved Document Part L in England and Wales
85(4)
3.10 Summary
89(1)
4 Post occupancy evaluation for optimal energy and environmental performance
90(27)
4.1 Introduction
90(1)
4.2 The European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
90(3)
4.3 Why do we need POE?
93(3)
4.4 POE methods
96(3)
4.5 A method developed in the UK: the PROBE study
99(3)
4.6 Soft Landings
102(1)
4.7 One example of POE from a European study
103(6)
4.8 Summary
109(8)
5 Health and wellbeing
117(16)
5.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.2 Indoor air quality (IAQ)
117(5)
5.3 Thermal comfort
122(2)
5.4 Visual comfort
124(4)
5.5 Acoustical comfort
128(1)
5.6 Indoor environmental quality assessment methods and tools
129(3)
5.7 Summary
132(1)
6 Energy-efficient ventilation
133(25)
6.1 Introduction
133(1)
6.2 Ventilation requirements
133(3)
6.3 Ventilation strategies
136(4)
6.4 Ventilation efficiency
140(3)
6.5 Calculating ventilation rate due to natural driving forces
143(5)
6.6 Eons
148(2)
6.7 Ventilation for cooling
150(7)
6.8 Summary
157(1)
7 Air conditioning systems
158(27)
7.1 Introduction
158(1)
7.2 Classification of air conditioning systems
158(1)
7.3 Unitary systems
159(2)
7.4 Central cur conditioning systems
161(1)
7.5 All-air central car conditioning systems
162(5)
7.6 Air and water central air conditioning systems
167(6)
7.7 All-water air conditioning systems
173(2)
7.8 Chilled ceilings and beams
175(4)
7.9 Air conditioning system selection and evaluation
179(5)
7.10 Summary
184(1)
8 Energy-efficient thermal energy generation and distribution in buildings
185(28)
8.1 Introduction
185(1)
8.2 Refrigeration equipment
185(8)
8.3 Heat rejection equipment
193(6)
8.4 Heating equipment
199(2)
8.5 Air distribution systems
201(6)
8.6 Hot and chilled water systems
207(5)
8.7 Summary
212(1)
9 Low-energy approaches for the thermal control of buildings
213(18)
9.1 Introduction
213(1)
9.2 Thermal energy recovery
213(4)
9.3 Heat pump systems
217(1)
9.4 Solar thermal technologies
218(2)
9.5 Evaporative cooling
220(4)
9.6 Desiccant cooling
224(2)
9.7 Slab cooling
226(3)
9.8 Thermal energy storage with phase-change materials
229(1)
9.9 Summary
230(1)
10 Energy-efficient electrical systems, controls and metering
231(50)
10.1 Introduction
231(1)
10.2 Energy-efficient power distribution arrangements
231(5)
10.3 Motor power for HVAC equipment
236(2)
10.4 Lighting
238(13)
10.5 Lift
251(2)
10.6 EC/DC fan coil units
253(1)
10.7 Key operational decisions for electricity usage
254(1)
10.8 Unregulated loads: small power equipment
254(1)
10.9 Process loads supported by UPS systems
255(1)
10.10 Enabling energy management through controls, monitoring and data collection
255(1)
10.11 Controls and building management systems (BMS)
255(7)
10.12 Metering and monitoring
262(4)
10.13 Renewable electricity generation: wind power and photovoltaics
266(13)
10.14 Summary
279(2)
11 Building thermal load calculations
281(26)
11.1 Introduction
281(1)
11.2 The cyclic dynamic model and the admittance procedure
282(2)
11.3 Building heat gains
284(14)
11.4 Total building heat gain
298(1)
11.5 Building classification and thermal response
298(3)
11.6 Building cooling load calculations using the admittance procedure
301(4)
11.7 Budding heating had calculations
305(1)
11.8 Summary
306(1)
12 Building electric power load assessment
307(26)
12.1 Introduction
307(1)
12.2 Bask elements of a power system infrastructure
308(2)
12.3 An introduction to had assessment
310(1)
12.4 Load patterns and profiles
311(3)
12.5 The main methods of load assessment
314(1)
12.6 Diversification and diversity factors
315(2)
12.7 Load assessment by system
317(1)
12.8 Lighting
318(1)
12.9 Small power
319(1)
12.10 Mechanical plant
320(4)
12.11 Data processing loads
324(1)
12.12 Loads supported by UPS systems
325(1)
12.13 Parasitic bads
326(1)
12.14 Lifts and escalators
326(1)
12.15 Chargers for electric cars
327(1)
12.16 Load assessment tabulation method
327(4)
12.17 Brief note on assumptions and simplifications
331(1)
12.18 Brief note on the impact of harmonics
331(1)
12.19 Summary
332(1)
13 Space planning and design integration for services
333(29)
13.1 Introduction
333(1)
13.2 Space planning strategy
334(9)
13.3 Space criteria for mechanical and electrical equipment
343(3)
13.4 Space planning for plant rooms
346(4)
13.5 Space planning for risers
350(5)
13.6 Planning horizontal distribution
355(3)
13.7 Integrated and coordinated solutions
358(1)
13.8 Implications of adaptation to climate change on space planning
359(1)
13.9 Builder's work
359(1)
13.10 Summary
360(2)
References 362(6)
Index 368
Paul Tymkow was at Hoare Lea for 30 years where he was Director of Learning and Knowledge from 2007 to 2018. He has led design groups, project teams and projects in a wide range of sectors, in building services and related areas, for Hoare Lea and other organisations. He was a visiting academic at Brunel University London from 2005 to 2019, where he lectured on the postgraduate programme, and was a Royal Academy of Engineering visiting professor from 2016 to 2019.

Savvas Tassou is Professor of Energy Engineering and Director of the Institute of Energy Futures at Brunel University London. He has over 30 years academic and research experience in the areas of building services engineering, energy conservation technologies for the built environment and process industries, the design optimisation of these technologies and their optimum integration and control to minimise energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Maria Kolokotroni is Professor of Energy in the Built Environment in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Institute for Energy Futures, Brunel University London. She teaches ventilation, low-energy technologies and building performance at postgraduate level and carries out research on UK- and European-funded research projects in these fields. She works very closely with industry to transfer research results to application and has contributed to International Energy Agency research projects.

Hussam Jouhara is a Professor of Thermal Engineering at Brunel University London. He is an established academic author and an internationally recognised expert in heat exchangers, fluid dynamics and two-phase heat transfer processes. Over a 16-year career, he has developed innovative solutions to heat exchange/heat-pipe problems, resulting in many filed patents, and has attracted substantial research funding from various UK/EU-based research councils and industrial partners.