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Bundle: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 8th plus Mindtap Hvac, 2 Terms (12 Months) Printed Access Card 8th ed. [Multiple-component retail product]

John Tomczyk, Bill Johnson, Bill Whitman, Eugene Silberstein

Formatas: Multiple-component retail product, weight: 3933 g, Contains 1 Other merchandise
Išleidimo metai: 08-Mar-2016
Leidėjas: Cengage Learning
ISBN-10: 1337190330
ISBN-13: 9781337190336

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Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies - (Šiuo metu turimos knygos: 7 prekės)

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Formatas: Multiple-component retail product, weight: 3933 g, Contains 1 Other merchandise
Išleidimo metai: 08-Mar-2016
Leidėjas: Cengage Learning
ISBN-10: 1337190330
ISBN-13: 9781337190336

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies - (Šiuo metu turimos knygos: 7 prekės)

Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781337190336.html

Students save money when purchasing bundled products. This bundle contains Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 8th and access to MindTap HVAC for 2 terms (12 months) via printed access card.

Preface

xiii

New in This Edition

xiv

How to Use This Text and Supplementary Materials

Support Materials

xviii

About the Authors

Acknowledgments

xxi

Section 1: Theory of Heat

Introduction

(14)

History of Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (Cooling)

(4)

Green Awareness

(2)

History of Home and Commercial Heating

(1)

Career Opportunities

(1)

Technician Certification Programs

(1)

Programmatic Accreditation

(1)

National Skill Standards

(1)

Customer Relations and Technician Soft Skills

(4)

Unit 1 Heat, Temperature, and Pressure

(14)

1.1 Heat, Temperature, and Pressure

(1)

1.2 Temperature

(1)

1.3 Introduction to Heat

(2)

1.4 Conduction

(1)

1.5 Convection

(1)

1.6 Radiation

(1)

1.7 Sensible Heat

(1)

1.8 Latent Heat

(2)

1.9 Specific Heat

(1)

1.10 Sizing Heating Equipment

(1)

1.11 Pressure

(1)

1.12 Atmospheric Pressure

(1)

1.13 Pressure Gauges

(3)

Unit 2 Matter and Energy

(9)

2.1 Matter

(1)

2.2 Mass and Weight

(1)

2.3 Density

(1)

2.4 Specific Gravity

(1)

2.5 Specific Volume

(1)

2.6 Gas Laws

(2)

2.7 Energy

(1)

2.8 Conservation of Energy

(1)

2.9 Energy Contained in Heat

(1)

2.10 Energy in Magnetism

(1)

2.11 Purchase of Energy

(1)

2.12 Energy Used as Work

(1)

2.13 Power

(1)

2.14 Electrical Power-the Watt

(2)

Unit 3 Refrigeration and Refrigerants

(47)

3.1 Introduction to Refrigeration

(1)

3.2 Refrigeration

(1)

3.3 Rating Refrigeration Equipment

(1)

3.4 The Refrigeration Process

(2)

3.5 Temperature and Pressure Relationship

(5)

3.6 Refrigeration Components

(1)

3.7 The Evaporator

(2)

3.8 The Compressor

(2)

3.9 The Condenser

(2)

3.10 The Refrigerant Metering Device

(2)

3.11 Matching Refrigeration Systems and Components

(2)

3.12 Refrigerants

(2)

3.13 Refrigerants Must Be Safe

(1)

3.14 Refrigerants Must Be Detectable

(2)

3.15 The Boiling Point of the Refrigerant

(1)

3.16 Pumping Characteristics

(1)

3.17 Popular Refrigerants and their Important Characteristics

(1)

3.18 Refrigerant Cylinder Color Codes

(3)

3.19 Recovery, Recycling, or Reclaiming of Refrigerants

(1)

3.20 Plotting the Refrigerant Cycle

(14)

3.21 Plotting the Refrigerant Cycle for Blends with Noticeable Temperature Glide (Zeotropic Blends)

(7)

Section 2: Safety, Tools and Equipment, and Shop Practices

Unit 4 General Safety Practices

(18)

4.1 Pressure Vessels and Piping

(4)

4.2 Electrical Hazards

(5)

4.3 Heat

(1)

4.4 Cold

(1)

4.5 Mechanical Equipment

(2)

4.6 Moving Heavy Objects

(1)

4.7 Refrigerants in Your Breathing Space

(3)

4.8 Using Chemicals

101

(3)

Unit 5 Tools and Equipment

104

(35)

5.1 General Tools

104

(6)

5.2 Specialized Hand Tools

110

(2)

5.3 Tubing Tools

112

(5)

5.4 Specialized Service and Installation Equipment

117

(3)

5.5 Refrigerant Leak Detectors

120

(2)

5.6 Other Tools

122

(9)

5.7 Miscellaneous Tools and Equipment for Specialized Needs

131

(8)

Unit 6 Fasteners

139

(16)

6.1 Nails

139

(1)

6.2 Staples and Rivets

140

(1)

6.3 Threaded Fasteners

141

(5)

6.4 Concrete Fasteners

146

(1)

6.5 Other Fasteners

147

(8)

Unit 7 Tubing and Piping

155

(32)

7.1 Purpose of Tubing and Piping

155

(1)

7.2 Types and Sizes of Tubing

155

(1)

7.3 Tubing Insulation

156

(2)

7.4 Line Sets

158

(1)

7.5 Cutting Tubing

158

(1)

7.6 Bending Tubing

159

(2)

7.7 Soldering and Brazing Processes

161

(1)

7.8 Heat Sources for Soldering and Brazing

162

(6)

7.9 Fluxing

168

(1)

7.10 Soldering Techniques

169

(2)

7.11 Brazing Techniques

171

(1)

7.12 Practical Soldering and Brazing Tips

172

(3)

7.13 Making Flare Joints

175

(1)

7.14 Swaging Techniques

176

(1)

7.15 Compression Fittings

177

(1)

7.16 Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe

178

(4)

7.17 Installing Steel Pipe

182

(1)

7.18 Plastic Pipe

182

(2)

7.19 Alternative Mechanical Piping Connections

184

(3)

Unit 8 Leak Detection, System Evacuation, and System Cleanup

187

(36)

8.1 Leaks

187

(2)

8.2 Basic Refrigerant Leak Detection

189

(2)

8.3 Advanced Leak Detection

191

(2)

8.4 Standing Pressure Test

193

(2)

8.5 Leak Detection Tips

195

(3)

8.6 Repairing Leaks

198

(1)

8.7 System Evacuation

199

(11)

8.8 General Evacuation Procedures

210

(8)

8.9 Cleaning a Dirty System

218

(5)

Unit 9 Refrigerant and Oil Chemistry and Management-Recovery, Recycling, Reclaiming, and Retrofitting

223

(44)

9.1 Refrigerants and the Environment

223

(1)

9.2 Ozone Depletion

224

(1)

9.3 Global Warming

225

(1)

9.4 Refrigerants

226

(1)

9.5 CFC Refrigerants

227

(1)

9.6 HCFC Refrigerants

227

(1)

9.7 HFC Refrigerants

228

(1)

9.8 Hydrofluoro-Olefin (HFO) Refrigerants

228

(1)

9.9 Hydrocarbon (HC) Refrigerants

229

(4)

9.10 Naming Refrigerants

233

(1)

9.11 Refrigerant Blends

234

(1)

9.12 Popular Refrigerants and Their Compatible Oils

235

(5)

9.13 Refrigerant Oils and Their Applications

240

(1)

9.14 Oil Groups

241

(1)

9.15 Regulations

242

(1)

9.16 Recover, Recycle, or Reclaim

243

(2)

9.17 Methods of Recovery

245

(3)

9.18 Mechanical Recovery Systems

248

(7)

9.19 Recovering Refrigerant from Small Appliances

255

(3)

9.20 Reclaiming Refrigerant

258

(1)

9.21 Refrigerant Retrofitting

258

(6)

9.22 Refrigerants and Tools in the Future

264

(3)

Unit 10 System Charging

267

(17)

10.1 Charging a Refrigeration System

267

(1)

10.2 Vapor Refrigerant Charging

267

(2)

10.3 Liquid Refrigerant Charging

269

(3)

10.4 Weighing Refrigerant

272

(1)

10.5 Using Charging Devices

273

(1)

10.6 Using Charging Charts

274

(3)

10.7 Subcooling Charging Method for TXV Systems

277

(2)

10.8 Charging Near-Azeotropic (Zeotropic) Refrigerant Blends

279

(5)

Unit 11 Calibrating Instruments

284

(12)

11.1 Calibration

284

(1)

11.2 Temperature-Measuring Instruments

284

(4)

11.3 Pressure Test Instruments

288

(1)

11.4 Electrical Test Instruments

289

(2)

11.5 Electronic Refrigerant Leak Detection Devices

291

(1)

11.6 Flue-Gas Analysis Instruments

292

(1)

11.7 General Maintenance

293

(3)

Section 3: Automatic Controls

Unit 12 Basic Electricity and Magnetism

296

(30)

12.1 Atomic Structure

296

(1)

12.2 Movement of Electrons

297

(1)

12.3 Conductors

298

(1)

12.4 Insulators

298

(1)

12.5 Electricity Produced from Magnetism

298

(1)

12.6 Current

299

(1)

12.7 Units of Electrical Measurement

299

(1)

12.8 The Basic Electric Circuit

299

(1)

12.9 Making Electrical Measurements

300

(1)

12.10 Ohm's Law

300

(4)

12.11 Characteristics of Series Circuits

304

(1)

12.12 Characteristics of Parallel Circuits

304

(1)

12.13 Electrical Power

305

(1)

12.14 Magnetism

305

(1)

12.15 Inductance

306

(1)

12.16 Transformers

307

(1)

12.17 Capacitance

308

(2)

12.18 Impedance

310

(1)

12.19 Electrical Measuring Instruments

310

(4)

12.20 Sine Waves

314

(1)

12.21 Wire Sizes

315

(1)

12.22 Circuit Protection Devices

316

(3)

12.23 Semiconductors

319

(7)

Unit 13 Introduction to Automatic Controls

326

(13)

13.1 Types of Automatic Controls

326

(1)

13.2 Devices that Respond to Thermal Change

326

(2)

13.3 The Bimetal Device

328

(3)

13.4 Control by Fluid Expansion

331

(2)

13.5 The Thermocouple

333

(3)

13.6 Electronic Temperature-Sensing Devices

336

(3)

Unit 14 Automatic Control Components and Applications

339

(31)

14.1 Temperature Controls

339

(2)

14.2 Low-Voltage Space Temperature Controls

341

(4)

14.3 Line-Voltage Space Temperature Controls

345

(2)

14.4 Sensing the Temperature of Solids

347

(2)

14.5 Measuring the Temperature of Fluids

349

(3)

14.6 Pressure-Sensing Devices

352

(4)

14.7 Pressure Transducers

356

(1)

14.8 High-Pressure Controls

357

(1)

14.9 Low-Pressure Controls

358

(1)

14.10 Oil Pressure Safety Controls

359

(2)

14.11 Air Pressure Controls

361

(1)

14.12 Gas Pressure Switches

361

(1)

14.13 Switchless Devices That Control Fluid Flow

361

(1)

14.14 Water Pressure Regulators

362

(1)

14.15 Gas Pressure Regulators

363

(1)

14.16 Mechanical and Electromechanical Controls

363

(1)

14.17 Maintenance of Mechanical Controls

364

(1)

14.18 Maintenance of Electromechanical Controls

364

(1)

14.19 Service Technician Calls

365

(5)

Unit 15 Troubleshooting Basic Controls

370

(24)

15.1 Introduction to Troubleshooting

370

(1)

15.2 Troubleshooting a Simple Circuit

371

(1)

15.3 Troubleshooting a Complex Circuit

372

(3)

15.4 Troubleshooting the Thermostat

375

(2)

15.5 Troubleshooting Amperage in the Low-Voltage Circuit

377

(1)

15.6 Troubleshooting Voltage in the Low-Voltage Circuit

378

(1)

15.7 Troubleshooting Switches and Loads

378

(7)

15.8 Pictorial and Ladder Diagrams

385

(2)

15.9 Service Technician Calls

387

(7)

Unit 16 Advanced Automatic Controls-Direct Digital Controls (DDCs) and Pneumatics

394

(24)

16.1 Control Applications

394

(1)

16.2 Types of Control Systems

394

(2)

16.3 Pneumatic Controls

396

(1)

16.4 Cleaning and Drying Control Air

397

(1)

16.5 Control Components

398

(5)

16.6 Direct Digital Controls (DDCs)

403

(7)

16.7 Residential Electronic Controls

410

(8)

Section 4: Electric Motors

Unit 17 Types of Electric Motors

418

(32)

17.1 Uses of Electric Motors

418

(1)

17.2 Parts of an Electric Motor

418

(1)

17.3 Electric Motors and Magnetism

419

(1)

17.4 Determining a Motor's Speed

420

(1)

17.5 Start Windings

421

(1)

17.6 Starting and Running Characteristics

421

(1)

17.7 Electrical Power Supplies

422

(2)

17.8 Single-Phase Open Motors

424

(1)

17.9 Split-Phase Motors

424

(1)

17.10 The Centrifugal Switch

424

(2)

17.11 The Electronic Relay

426

(1)

17.12 Capacitor-Start Motors

426

(1)

17.13 Capacitor-Start, Capacitor-Run Motors

427

(1)

17.14 Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors

427

(2)

17.15 Shaded-Pole Motors

429

(1)

17.16 Three-Phase Motors

429

(2)

17.17 Single-Phase Hermetic Motors

431

(1)

17.18 The Potential Relay

432

(2)

17.19 Troubleshooting

434

(1)

17.20 The Current Relay

434

(1)

17.21 Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistor (PTCR)

435

(1)

17.22 Troubleshooting the PTCR

436

(1)

17.23 Two-Speed Compressor Motors

436

(1)

17.24 Special Application Motors

437

(1)

17.25 Three-Phase Compressor Motors

437

(1)

17.26 Variable-Speed Motors

438

(3)

17.27 DC Converters (Rectifiers)

441

(2)

17.28 Inverters and Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)

443

(3)

17.29 Electronically Commutated Motors (ECMs)

446

(1)

17.30 Cooling Electric Motors

447

(3)

Unit 18 Application of Motors

450

(18)

18.1 Motor Applications

450

(1)

18.2 The Power Supply

450

(7)

18.3 Electric-Motor Working Conditions

457

(1)

18.4 Insulation Type or Class

458

(1)

18.5 Types of Bearings

458

(2)

18.6 Motor Mounting Characteristics

460

(2)

18.7 Motor Drives

462

(6)

Unit 19 Motor Controls

468

(11)

19.1 Introduction to Motor Control Devices

468

(1)

19.2 Full-Load and Locked-Rotor Amperage

469

(1)

19.3 The Relay

469

(1)

19.4 The Contactor

470

(2)

19.5 Motor Starters

472

(1)

19.6 Motor Protection

473

(1)

19.7 Inherent Motor Protection

474

(1)

19.8 External Motor Protection

474

(2)

19.9 National Electrical Code® Standards

476

(1)

19.10 Temperature-Sensing Devices

476

(1)

19.11 Magnetic Overload Devices

477

(1)

19.12 Restarting the Motor

477

(2)

Unit 20 Troubleshooting Electric Motors

479

(19)

20.1 Motor Troubleshooting

479

(1)

20.2 Mechanical Motor Problems

479

(1)

20.3 Removing Drive Assemblies

480

(1)

20.4 Belt Tension

481

(1)

20.5 Pulley Alignment

482

(1)

20.6 Electrical Problems

482

(1)

20.7 Open Windings

482

(2)

20.8 Shorted Motor Windings

484

(1)

20.9 Short Circuit to Ground (Frame)

485

(3)

20.10 Single-Phase Motor Starting Problems

488

(1)

20.11 Checking Capacitors

488

(2)

20.12 Identification of Capacitors

490

(1)

20.13 Wiring and Connectors

491

(1)

20.14 Troubleshooting Hermetic Motors

492

(1)

20.15 Service Technician Calls

492

(6)

Section 5: Commercial Refrigeration

Unit 21 Evaporators and the Refrigeration System

498

(25)

21.1 Refrigeration

498

(1)

21.2 Temperature Ranges of Refrigeration

499

(1)

21.3 The Evaporator

499

(1)

21.4 Boiling and Condensing

500

(1)

21.5 The Evaporator and Boiling Temperature

500

(1)

21.6 Removing Moisture

500

(1)

21.7 Heat Exchange Characteristics of the Evaporator

500

(3)

21.8 Types of Evaporators

503

(6)

21.9 Evaporator Evaluation

509

(2)

21.10 Latent Heat in the Evaporator

511

(1)

21.11 The Flooded Evaporator

511

(1)

21.12 Dry-Type Evaporator Performance

511

(1)

21.13 Evaporator Superheat

512

(1)

21.14 Hot Pulldown (Excessively Loaded Evaporator)

512

(1)

21.15 Pressure Drop in Evaporators

513

(2)

21.16 Liquid Cooling Evaporators (Chillers)

515

(1)

21.17 Evaporators for Low-Temperature Applications

516

(1)

21.18 Defrost of Accumulated Moisture

517

(1)

21.19 Evaporator and Defrost Efficiency Controller

518

(5)

Unit 22 Condensers

523

(35)

22.1 The Condenser

523

(1)

22.2 Water-Cooled Condensers

523

(1)

22.3 Tube-Within-a-Tube Condensers

524

(1)

22.4 Mineral Deposits

524

(2)

22.5 Cleanable Tube-Within- a-Tube Condensers

526

(1)

22.6 Shell-and-Coil Condensers

527

(1)

22.7 Shell-and-Tube Condensers

528

(1)

22.8 Wastewater Systems

528

(3)

22.9 Refrigerant-to-Water Temperature Relationship for Wastewater Systems

531

(2)

22.10 Recirculating Water Systems

533

(1)

22.11 Cooling Towers

533

(1)

22.12 Natural-Draft Towers

533

(1)

22.13 Forced- or Induced-Draft Towers

534

(1)

22.14 Evaporative Condensers

535

(3)

22.15 Air-Cooled Condensers

538

(3)

22.16 High-Efficiency Condensers

541

(1)

22.17 The Condenser and Low Ambient Conditions

542

(2)

22.18 Head Pressure Controls

544

(10)

22.19 Using the Condenser Superheat

554

(1)

22.20 Heat Reclaim

554

(1)

22.21 Floating Head Pressures

554

(1)

22.22 Service Technician Calls

555

(3)

Unit 23 Compressors

558

(36)

23.1 The Function of the Compressor

558

(2)

23.2 Types of Compressors

560

(5)

23.3 Reciprocating Compressor Components

565

(10)

23.4 Belt-Drive Mechanism Characteristics

575

(1)

23.5 Direct-Drive Compressor Characteristics

576

(1)

23.6 Reciprocating Compressor Efficiency

576

(2)

23.7 Discus Valve Design

578

(1)

23.8 New Technology in Compressors

579

(9)

23.9 Liquid in the Compressor Cylinder

588

(2)

23.10 System Maintenance and Compressor Efficiency

590

(4)

Unit 24 Expansion Devices

594

(27)

24.1 Expansion Devices

594

(1)

24.2 Thermostatic Expansion Valve

594

(2)

24.3 TXV Components

596

(1)

24.4 The Valve Body

597

(1)

24.5 The Diaphragm

597

(1)

24.6 Needle and Seat

598

(2)

24.7 The Spring

600

(1)

24.8 The Sensing Bulb and Transmission Tube

601

(1)

24.9 Types of Bulb Charge

601

(1)

24.10 The Liquid Charge Bulb

601

(2)

24.11 The Cross Liquid Charge Bulb

603

(1)

24.12 The Vapor (Gas) Charge Bulb

603

(1)

24.13 The Cross Vapor Charge Bulb

604

(1)

24.14 Example of a TXV Functioning with an Internal Equalizer

604

(1)

24.15 TXV Functioning with External Equalizers

605

(4)

24.16 TXV Response to Load Changes

609

(1)

24.17 Selection of TXV Valves

609

(1)

24.18 Balanced-Port TXV

609

(1)

24.19 The Pressure-Limiting TXV

609

(1)

24.20 Servicing the TXV

609

(1)

24.21 Installing the Sensing Element

610

(1)

24.22 Step-Motor Expansion Valves

611

(3)

24.23 Algorithms and PID Controllers

614

(1)

24.24 The Automatic Expansion Valve

615

(1)

24.25 Automatic Expansion Valve Response to Load Changes

616

(1)

24.26 Special Considerations for the TXV and AXV

616

(1)

24.27 The Capillary Tube Metering Device

617

(1)

24.28 Operating Charge for the Capillary Tube System

618

(3)

Unit 25 Special Refrigeration System Components

621

(47)

25.1 The Four Basic Components

621

(1)

25.2 Mechanical Controls

621

(1)

25.3 Two-Temperature Controls

621

(1)

25.4 Evaporator Pressure Control

621

(3)

25.5 Multiple Evaporators

624

(1)

25.6 Electric Evaporator Pressure-Regulating Valve

624

(1)

25.7 Crankcase Pressure Regulator

625

(2)

25.8 Adjusting the CPR Valve

627

(1)

25.9 Relief Valves

627

(1)

25.10 Fan-Cycling Head Pressure Controls

628

(1)

25.11 Fan Speed Control for Controlling Head Pressure

629

(1)

25.12 Air Volume Control for Controlling Head Pressure

629

(1)

25.13 Condenser Flooding and Condenser Splitting for Controlling Head Pressure

630

(1)

25.14 Electrical Controls

631

(2)

25.15 Pressure Switches

633

(1)

25.16 Low-Pressure Switch

633

(1)

25.17 Low-Pressure Control Applied as a Thermostat

633

(2)

25.18 Automatic Pumpdown Systems

635

(4)

25.19 High-Pressure Control

639

(1)

25.20 Low-Ambient Fan Control

639

(1)

25.21 Oil Pressure Safety Control

640

(3)

25.22 The Defrost Cycle

643

(2)

25.23 Medium-Temperature Refrigeration

645

(1)

25.24 Random or Off-Cycle Defrost

645

(1)

25.25 Planned Defrost

645

(1)

25.26 Low-Temperature Evaporator Defrost

645

(1)

25.27 Internal Heat Defrost (Hot Gas and Cool Gas Defrost)

646

(1)

25.28 External Heat Defrost

647

(1)

25.29 Defrost Termination and Fan Delay Control

648

(1)

25.30 Refrigeration Accessories

649

(1)

25.31 Receivers

649

(1)

25.32 The King Valve on the Receiver

650

(1)

25.33 Filter Driers

650

(2)

25.34 Refrigerant Check Valves

652

(1)

25.35 Refrigerant Sight Glasses

652

(1)

25.36 Liquid Refrigerant Distributors

652

(1)

25.37 Heat Exchangers

653

(1)

25.38 Suction-Line Accumulators

654

(2)

25.39 Suction-Line Filter Driers

656

(1)

25.40 Suction Service Valves

657

(1)

25.41 Discharge Service Valves

658

(1)

25.42 Refrigeration Line Service Valves

658

(1)

25.43 Diaphragm Valves

658

(1)

25.44 Ball Valves

658

(2)

25.45 Oil Separators

660

(1)

25.46 Vibration Eliminators

661

(1)

25.47 Pressure Access Ports

662

(1)

25.48 Crankcase Heat

663

(1)

25.49 Oil Pumps

664

(1)

25.50 Compressor Oil Check Valve and Partition Wall

665

(3)

Unit 26 Applications of Refrigeration Systems

668

(36)

26.1 Application Decisions

668

(1)

26.2 Reach-in Refrigeration

668

(1)

26.3 Self-Contained Reach-in Fixtures

669

(2)

26.4 Individual Condensing Units

671

(1)

26.5 Single-Compressor Applications and Multiple Evaporators

672

(3)

26.6 Parallel Compressor Systems

675

(8)

26.7 Secondary-Fluid Refrigeration Systems

683

(2)

26.8 Carbon Dioxide (R-744) Refrigeration Systems

685

(4)

26.9 Pressurized Liquid Systems

689

(2)

26.10 Distributed Refrigeration Systems

691

(1)

26.11 Evaporator Temperature Control

692

(1)

26.12 Interconnecting Piping in Multiple- Evaporator Installations

692

(1)

26.13 Fixture Temperature Control

693

(1)

26.14 The Evaporator and Merchandising

693

(1)

26.15 Chest-Type Display Fixtures

694

(1)

26.16 Refrigerated Shelves

695

(1)

26.17 Closed Chest Fixtures

695

(1)

26.18 Controlling Sweating on Fixture Cabinets

696

(1)

26.19 Maintaining Store Ambient Conditions

696

(1)

26.20 Walk-in Refrigeration

697

(1)

26.21 Knock-Down Walk-in Coolers

697

(1)

26.22 Evaporators in a Walk-in Cooler

698

(1)

26.23 Condensate Removal

698

(1)

26.24 Refrigeration Piping

699

(1)

26.25 Package Refrigeration for Walk-in Coolers

700

(1)

26.26 Refrigerated Air Driers

700

(4)

Unit 27 Commercial Ice Machines

704

(48)

27.1 Packaged-Type Ice-Making Equipment

704

(1)

27.2 Making Flake Ice

704

(9)

27.3 Making Cube Ice

713

(17)

27.4 Microprocessors

730

(5)

27.5 Water and Ice Quality

735

(7)

27.6 Package Ice Machine Location

742

(1)

27.7 Troubleshooting Ice Makers

742

(4)

27.8 Service Technician Calls

746

(6)

Unit 28 Special Refrigeration Applications

752

(18)

28.1 Special Refrigeration Applications

752

(1)

28.2 Transport Refrigeration

752

(1)

28.3 Truck Refrigeration Systems

752

(7)

28.4 Railway Refrigeration

759

(1)

28.5 Extra-Low-Temperature Refrigeration

760

(2)

28.6 Cascade Systems

762

(1)

28.7 Quick-Freezing Methods

762

(1)

28.8 Marine Refrigeration

763

(4)

28.9 Air Cargo Hauling

767

(3)

Unit 29 Troubleshooting and Typical Operating Conditions for Commercial Refrigeration

770

(48)

29.1 Organized Troubleshooting

770

(1)

29.2 Troubleshooting High-Temperature Applications

771

(2)

29.3 Troubleshooting Medium-Temperature Applications

773

(1)

29.4 Troubleshooting Low-Temperature Applications

774

(1)

29.5 Typical Air-Cooled Condenser Operating Conditions

774

(1)

29.6 Calculating the Correct Head Pressure for Air-Cooled Equipment

775

(1)

29.7 Typical Operating Conditions for Water-Cooled Equipment

776

(1)

29.8 Typical Operating Conditions for Wastewater Condenser Systems

776

(1)

29.9 Typical Operating Conditions for Recirculated Water Systems

776

(2)

29.10 Six Typical Problems

778

(1)

29.11 Low Refrigerant Charge

779

(2)

29.12 Refrigerant Overcharge

781

(1)

29.13 Inefficient Evaporator

782

(2)

29.14 Inefficient Condenser

784

(2)

29.15 Refrigerant Flow Restrictions

786

(3)

29.16 Inefficient Compressor

789

(1)

29.17 Compressor Vacuum Test

790

(1)

29.18 Closed-Loop Compessor Running Bench Test

790

(2)

29.19 Closed-Loop Compressor Running Field Test

792

(1)

29.20 Compressor Running Test in the System

792

(2)

29.21 Diagnostic Chart for Commercial Refrigeration

794

(2)

29.22 Service Technician Calls

796

(22)

Section 6: Air-Conditioning (Heating and Humidification)

Unit 30 Electric Heat

818

(18)

30.1 Introduction

818

(1)

30.2 Portable Electric Heating Devices

818

(1)

30.3 Radiant Heating Panels

819

(1)

30.4 Electric Baseboard Heating

820

(1)

30.5 Unit and Wall Heaters

820

(1)

30.6 Electric Hydronic Boilers

820

(1)

30.7 Central Forced-Air Electric Furnaces

821

(1)

30.8 Automatic Controls for Forced-Air Electric Furnaces

822

(1)

30.9 The Low-Voltage Thermostat

822

(2)

30.10 Controlling Multiple Stages

824

(1)

30.11 Wiring Diagrams

824

(1)

30.12 Control Circuits for Forced-Air Electric Furnaces

824

(2)

30.13 Blower Motor Circuits

826

(4)

30.14 Contactors for Controlling Electric Furnaces

830

(1)

30.15 Airflow in Electric Furnaces

830

(3)

30.16 Diagnostic Chart for Electric Heat

833

(1)

30.17 Service Technician Calls

833

(3)

Unit 31 Gas Heat

836

(74)

31.1 Introduction to Gas-Fired, Forced-Hot-Air Furnaces

837

(1)

31.2 Types of Furnaces

837

(3)

31.3 Gas Fuels

840

(1)

31.4 Gas Combustion

841

(3)

31.5 Gas Regulators

844

(1)

31.6 Gas Valve

845

(1)

31.7 Solenoid Valve

845

(1)

31.8 Diaphragm Valve

845

(1)

31.9 Heat Motor-Controlled Valve

846

(1)

31.10 Automatic Combination Gas Valve

847

(5)

31.11 Manifold

852

(1)

31.12 Orifice

852

(1)

31.13 Burners

852

(2)

31.14 Heat Exchangers

854

(2)

31.15 Fan Switch

856

(2)

31.16 Limit Switch

858

(1)

31.17 Pilots

859

(1)

31.18 Safety Devices at the Standing Pilot

860

(2)

31.19 Ignition Systems

862

(4)

31.20 Flame Rectification

866

(3)

31.21 High-Efficiency Gas Furnaces

869

(4)

31.22 Electronic Ignition Modules and Integrated Furnace Controllers

873

(5)

31.23 Two-Stage Gas Furnaces

878

(1)

31.24 Modulating Gas Furnaces

879

(2)

31.25 Venting

881

(3)

31.26 Gas Piping

884

(2)

31.27 Gas Furnace Wiring Diagrams and Troubleshooting Flowcharts

886

(2)

31.28 Troubleshooting the Safety Pilot-Proving Device-the Thermocouple

888

(1)

31.29 Troubleshooting Spark Ignition and Intermittent Pilot Systems

888

(9)

31.30 Combustion Efficiency

897

(6)

31.31 Service Technician Calls

903

(7)

Unit 32 Oil Heat

910

(59)

32.1 Introduction to Oil-Fired, Forced-Warm-Air Furnaces

910

(1)

32.2 Physical Characteristics

911

(1)

32.3 Fuel Oils

911

(3)

32.4 Oil Storage

914

(2)

32.5 Fuel Oil Supply Systems

916

(5)

32.6 Combustion

921

(1)

32.7 Preparation of Fuel Oil for Combustion

922

(1)

32.8 By-Products of Combustion

923

(1)

32.9 Gun-Type Oil Burners

923

(16)

32.10 Oil Furnace Wiring Diagrams

939

(5)

32.11 Wiring Diagram for the Stack Switch Safety Control

944

(1)

32.12 Wiring Diagram for Cad Cell Primary Control with Intermittent Ignition

945

(2)

32.13 Wiring Diagram for Cad Cell Primary Control with Interrupted Ignition

947

(1)

32.14 Combustion Chamber

948

(2)

32.15 Heat Exchanger

950

(4)

32.16 Condensing Oil Furnace

954

(1)

32.17 Service Procedures

955

(4)

32.18 Combustion Efficiency

959

(4)

32.19 Diagnostic Chart for Oil Heat

963

(1)

32.20 Service Technician Calls

964

(5)

Unit 33 Hydronic Heat

969

(56)

33.1 Introduction to Hydronic Heating

969

(1)

33.2 The Heat Source

970

(4)

33.3 The Basic Hydronic System

974

(6)

33.4 The Point of No Pressure Change

980

(1)

33.5 Other Hydronic System Components

981

(10)

33.6 High-Temperature Hydronic Piping Systems

991

(12)

33.7 Radiant, Low-Temperature Hydronic Piping Systems

1003

(6)

33.8 Combination (High- and Low-Temperature) Piping Systems

1009

(1)

33.9 Tankless Domestic Hot Water Heaters

1009

(1)

33.10 Solar Heating as a Supplemental Heat Source

1010

(11)

33.11 Service Technician Calls

1021

(4)

Unit 34 Indoor Air Quality

1025

(23)

34.1 Introduction

1025

(1)

34.2 Sources of Indoor Air Pollution

1025

(2)

34.3 Common Pollutants

1027

(5)

34.4 Detecting and Eliminating the Source of Contamination

1032

(1)

34.5 Ventilation

1032

(2)

34.6 Air Cleaning

1034

(4)

34.7 Duct Cleaning

1038

(1)

34.8 Air Humidification

1039

(4)

34.9 Sizing Humidifiers

1043

(1)

34.10 Installation

1043

(1)

34.11 Service, Troubleshooting, and Preventive Maintenance

1043

(1)

34.12 Diagnostic Chart for Filtration and Humidification Systems

1044

(4)

Section 7: Air-Conditioning (Cooling)

Unit 35 Comfort and Psychrometrics

1048

(24)

35.1 Comfort

1048

(1)

35.2 Food Energy and the Body

1048

(1)

35.3 Heat Transfer to and from the Body

1049

(1)

35.4 The Comfort Chart

1050

(1)

35.5 Psychrometrics

1050

(2)

35.6 Moisture in Air

1052

(1)

35.7 Absolute and Relative Humidity

1053

(1)

35.8 Superheated Gases in Air

1054

(1)

35.9 Dry-Bulb and Wet-Bulb Temperatures

1055

(2)

35.10 Dew Point Temperature

1057

(1)

35.11 Enthalpy

1057

(1)

35.12 The Psychrometric Chart

1058

(3)

35.13 Plotting on the Psychrometric Chart

1061

(1)

35.14 Fresh Air, Infiltration, and Ventilation

1061

(11)

Unit 36 Refrigeration Applied to Air-Conditioning

1072

(21)

36.1 Refrigeration

1072

(1)

36.2 Structural Heat Gain

1072

(2)

36.3 Evaporative Cooling

1074

(2)

36.4 Refrigerated Cooling or Air-Conditioning

1076

(1)

36.5 The Evaporator

1077

(2)

36.6 The Function of the Evaporator

1079

(1)

36.7 Design Conditions

1080

(2)

36.8 Evaporator Application

1082

(1)

36.9 The Compressor

1083

(1)

36.10 The Reciprocating Compressor

1083

(1)

36.11 Compressor Speeds (RPM)

1083

(1)

36.12 Cooling the Compressor and Motor

1083

(1)

36.13 Compressor Mountings

1084

(1)

36.14 The Rotary Compressor

1084

(2)

36.15 The Scroll Compressor

1086

(1)

36.16 The Condenser

1087

(2)

36.17 Expansion Devices

1089

(1)

36.18 Air-Side Components

1089

(1)

36.19 Installation Procedures

1089

(4)

Unit 37 Air Distribution and Balance

1093

(50)

37.1 Conditioning Equipment

1093

(1)

37.2 Correct Air Quantity

1094

(1)

37.3 The Forced-Air System

1094

(1)

37.4 The Blower

1094

(3)

37.5 System Pressures

1097

(1)

37.6 Air-Measuring Instruments for Duct Systems

1098

(1)

37.7 Types of Fans and Blowers

1099

(3)

37.8 Types of Drive Assemblies

1102

(1)

37.9 The Supply Duct System

1103

(4)

37.10 Duct System Standards

1107

(1)

37.11 Duct Materials

1107

(10)

37.12 Duct Air Movement

1117

(1)

37.13 Balancing Dampers

1118

(1)

37.14 Zoning

1119

(3)

37.15 Duct Insulation

1122

(1)

37.16 Blending the Conditioned Air with Room Air

1123

(1)

37.17 The Return-Air Duct System

1124

(1)

37.18 Sizing Duct for Moving Air

1124

(4)

37.19 Measuring Air Movement for Balancing

1128

(2)

37.20 The Air Friction Chart

1130

(8)

37.21 Practical Troubleshooting Techniques

1138

(5)

Unit 38 Installation

1143

(24)

38.1 Introduction to Equipment Installation

1143

(1)

38.2 Installing Square and Rectangular Duct

1143

(2)

38.3 Installing Round Metal Duct Systems

1145

(1)

38.4 Insulation and Acoustical Lining for Metal Duct

1146

(1)

38.5 Installing Ductboard Systems

1146

(2)

38.6 Installing Flexible Duct

1148

(1)

38.7 Electrical Installation

1148

(2)

38.8 Installing the Refrigeration System

1150

(4)

38.9 Installing Split-System Air Conditioners

1154

(4)

38.10 The Split-System Condensing Unit

1158

(1)

38.11 Installing Refrigerant Piping on Split-Systems

1159

(4)

38.12 Equipment Start-Up

1163

(4)

Unit 39 Residential Energy Auditing

1167

(51)

39.1 Introduction

1167

(1)

39.2 Residential (Home) Energy Auditing

1168

(1)

39.3 Performing a Home Energy Audit

1169

(6)

39.4 Diagnostic Testing

1175

(1)

39.5 Blower Door Testing

1175

(3)

39.6 Infrared Scanning Using a Thermal Imaging Camera

1178

(7)

39.7 Sealing Air Leaks

1185

(3)

39.8 Duct Leakage Testing

1188

(5)

39.9 Duct Pressurization Test for Total Air Leakage

1193

(1)

39.10 Duct Leakage to the Outdoors

1194

(1)

39.11 Combustion Efficiency and Safety Testing

1194

(3)

39.12 Furnace Efficiency Testing

1197

(2)

39.13 Furnace Efficiency Ratings

1199

(1)

39.14 Flame Color

1199

(1)

39.15 Furnace Preventive Maintenance

1200

(1)

39.16 Spillage and Backdrafting

1201

(1)

39.17 Flame Safeguard Controls

1202

(2)

39.18 Excess Air

1204

(1)

39.19 Venting

1204

(3)

39.20 Draft

1207

(2)

39.21 High-Efficiency Gas Furnace Anatomy

1209

(2)

39.22 HVAC/R System Testing

1211

(1)

39.23 Numerical Analysis and Reporting

1212

(6)

Unit 40 Typical Operating Conditions

1218

(15)

40.1 Mechanical Operating Conditions

1218

(1)

40.2 Relative Humidity and the Load

1218

(1)

40.3 Relationships of System Component Under Load Changes

1219

(1)

40.4 Evaporator Operating Conditions

1219

(1)

40.5 High Evaporator Load and a Cool Condenser

1219

(3)

40.6 Grades of Equipment

1222

(1)

40.7 Documentation with the Unit

1223

(1)

40.8 Establishing a Reference Point on Unknown Equipment

1224

(1)

40.9 System Pressures and Temperatures for Different Operating Conditions

1225

(3)

40.10 Equipment Efficiency Rating

1228

(1)

40.11 Typical Electrical Operating Conditions

1229

(1)

40.12 Matching the Unit to the Correct Power Supply

1229

(1)

40.13 Starting the Equipment with the Correct Data

1229

(1)

40.14 Finding a Point of Reference for an Unknown Motor Rating

1229

(1)

40.15 Determining the Compressor Running Amperage

1230

(1)

40.16 Compressors Operating at Full-Load Current

1230

(1)

40.17 High Voltage, the Compressor, and Current Draw

1230

(1)

40.18 Current Draw and the Two-Speed Compressor

1231

(2)

Unit 41 Troubleshooting

1233

(33)

41.1 Introduction

1233

(1)

41.2 Mechanical Troubleshooting

1233

(4)

41.3 Approach Temperature and Temperature Difference

1237

(1)

41.4 Gauge Manifold Usage

1238

(1)

41.5 When to Connect the Gauges

1239

(1)

41.6 Low-Side Gauge Readings

1240

(1)

41.7 High-Side Gauge Readings

1240

(2)

41.8 Temperature Readings

1242

(5)

41.9 Charging Procedures in the Field

1247

(3)

41.10 Electrical Troubleshooting

1250

(1)

41.11 Compressor Overload Problems

1251

(1)

41.12 Compressor Electrical Checkup

1252

(4)

41.13 Troubleshooting the Circuit Electrical Protectors-Fuses and Breakers

1256

(1)

41.14 Diagnostic Chart for Air-Conditioning (Cooling) Systems

1257

(1)

41.15 Service Technician Calls

1258

(8)

Section 8: All-Weather Systems

Unit 42 Heat Gains and Heat Losses in Structures

1266

(19)

42.1 Introduction to Heat Gain and Heat Loss

1266

(1)

42.2 Methods to Determine the Heat Gain and Heat Loss of a Structure

1267

(1)

42.3 Indoor and Outdoor Design Conditions for Heating and Cooling

1268

(1)

42.4 U-Values and R-Values

1269

(2)

42.5 Introduction to Heat Gain and Heat Loss Calculations

1271

(1)

42.6 Elements of Structural Heat Loss (Heating Mode)

1271

(7)

42.7 Elements of Structural Heat Gain (Cooling Mode)

1278

(7)

Unit 43 Air Source Heat Pumps

1285

(50)

43.1 Reverse-Cycle Refrigeration

1285

(1)

43.2 Heat Sources for Winter

1286

(1)

43.3 The Four-Way Reversing Valve

1287

(3)

43.4 The Air-to-Air Heat Pump

1290

(1)

43.5 Refrigerant Line Identification

1290

(2)

43.6 Metering Devices

1292

(1)

43.7 Thermostatic Expansion Valves

1292

(2)

43.8 The Capillary Tube

1294

(1)

43.9 Combinations of Metering Devices

1295

(1)

43.10 Electronic Expansion Valves

1296

(1)

43.11 Orifice Metering Devices

1296

(1)

43.12 Liquid-Line Accessories

1296

(2)

43.13 Application of the Air-to-Air Heat Pump

1298

(1)

43.14 Auxiliary Heat

1298

(1)

43.15 Balance Point

1299

(1)

43.16 Coefficient of Performance

1299

(1)

43.17 The Split-Type, Air-to-Air Heat Pump

1300

(1)

43.18 The Indoor Unit

1300

(1)

43.19 Temperature of the Conditioned Air

1301

(1)

43.20 The Outdoor Unit

1302

(1)

43.21 Package Air-to-Air Heat Pumps

1303

(1)

43.22 Controls for the Air-to-Air Heat Pump

1304

(7)

43.23 The Defrost Cycle

1311

(3)

43.24 Indoor Fan Motor Control

1314

(1)

43.25 Second-Stage Electric Heat

1314

(2)

43.26 Servicing the Air-to-Air Heat Pump

1316

(1)

43.27 Troubleshooting the Electrical System

1316

(1)

43.28 Troubleshooting Mechanical Problems

1317

(1)

43.29 Troubleshooting the Four-Way Reversing Valve

1318

(2)

43.30 Troubleshooting the Compressor

1320

(1)

43.31 Checking the Charge

1321

(1)

43.32 Special Applications for Heat Pumps

1321

(1)

43.33 Heat Pumps using Scroll Compressors

1322

(1)

43.34 Heat Pump Systems with Variable- Speed Motors

1323

(2)

43.35 Diagnostic Chart for Heat Pumps in the Heating Mode

1325

(1)

43.36 Service Technician Calls

1325

(10)

Unit 44 Geothermal Heat Pumps

1335

(37)

44.1 Reverse-Cycle Refrigeration

1335

(1)

44.2 Geothermal Heat Pump Classifications

1335

(1)

44.3 Open-Loop Systems

1336

(1)

44.4 Water Quality

1337

(1)

44.5 Closed-Loop Systems

1338

(4)

44.6 Ground-Loop Configurations and Flows

1342

(3)

44.7 System Materials and Heat Exchange Fluids

1345

(2)

44.8 Geothermal Wells and Water Sources for Open-Loop Systems

1347

(2)

44.9 Water-to-Water Heat Pumps

1349

(3)

44.10 Troubleshooting

1352

(2)

44.11 Direct Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

1354

(11)

44.12 Service Technician Calls

1365

(7)

Section 9: Domestic Appliances

Unit 45 Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers

1372

(61)

45.1 Refrigeration

1372

(8)

45.2 Capacity of Domestic Systems

1380

(1)

45.3 The Evaporator

1381

(3)

45.4 The Compressor

1384

(2)

45.5 The Condenser

1386

(4)

45.6 Metering Device

1390

(2)

45.7 Typical Operating Conditions

1392

(2)

45.8 Ice-Maker Operation

1394

(1)

45.9 Wiring and Controls

1395

(9)

45.10 Servicing the Appliance

1404

(15)

45.11 Service Technician Calls

1419

(14)

Unit 46 Room Air Conditioners

1433

(31)

46.1 Air-Conditioning and Heating with Room Units

1433

(1)

46.2 Room Air-Conditioning-Cooling

1434

(1)

46.3 The Refrigeration Cycle-Cooling

1435

(2)

46.4 Heat-Pump-Style Room Units

1437

(3)

46.5 Installation

1440

(7)

46.6 Controls for Cooling-Only Room Units

1447

(3)

46.7 Controls in Cooling and Heating Units

1450

(1)

46.8 Maintaining and Servicing Room Units

1450

(7)

46.9 Service Technician Calls

1457

(7)

Section 10: Commercial Air-Conditioning and Chilled-Water Systems

Unit 47 High-Pressure, Low-Pressure, and Absorption Chilled-Water Systems

1464

(45)

47.1 Chillers

1465

(1)

47.2 Compression Cycle in High-Pressure Chillers

1466

(1)

47.3 Reciprocating Compressors in High-Pressure Chillers

1466

(2)

47.4 Scroll Compressors in High-Pressure Chillers

1468

(1)

47.5 Rotary Screw Compressors in High-Pressure Chillers

1469

(1)

47.6 Centrifugal Compressors in High-Pressure Chillers

1470

(4)

47.7 Evaporators for High-Pressure Chillers

1474

(4)

47.8 Condensers for High-Pressure Chillers

1478

(3)

47.9 Metering Devices for High-Pressure Chillers

1481

(3)

47.10 Low-Pressure Chillers

1484

(1)

47.11 Compressors for Low-Pressure Chillers

1484

(3)

47.12 Condensers for Low-Pressure Chillers

1487

(1)

47.13 Metering Devices for Low-Pressure Chillers

1487

(1)

47.14 Purge Units

1487

(1)

47.15 Absorption Air-Conditioning Chillers

1488

(10)

47.16 Motors and Drives for Chillers

1498

(11)

Unit 48 Cooling Towers and Pumps

1509

(27)

48.1 Cooling Tower Function

1509

(2)

48.2 Types of Cooling Towers

1511

(3)

48.3 Fire Protection

1514

(1)

48.4 Fill Material

1515

(1)

48.5 Flow Patterns

1515

(1)

48.6 Tower Materials

1516

(1)

48.7 Fan Section

1517

(1)

48.8 Tower Access

1518

(1)

48.9 Tower Sump

1518

(1)

48.10 Makeup Water

1519

(1)

48.11 Blowdown

1520

(2)

48.12 Balancing the Water Flow in a Cooling Tower

1522

(1)

48.13 Water Pumps

1522

(8)

48.14 Chemical-Free Treatment of Cooling Tower Water

1530

(6)

Unit 49 Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting of Chilled-Water Air-Conditioning Systems

1536

(27)

49.1 Chiller Start-Up

1536

(6)

49.2 Valves for Large Systems

1542

(3)

49.3 Scroll and Reciprocating Chiller Operation

1545

(1)

49.4 Large Positive-Displacement Chiller Operation

1546

(1)

49.5 Centrifugal Chiller Operation

1546

(1)

49.6 Air-Cooled Chiller Maintenance

1546

(2)

49.7 Water-Cooled Chiller Maintenance

1548

(3)

49.8 Absorption Chilled-Water System Start-Up

1551

(1)

49.9 Absorption Chiller Operation and Maintenance

1552

(1)

49.10 General Maintenance for all Chillers

1553

(1)

49.11 Low-Pressure Chillers

1553

(2)

49.12 High-Pressure Chillers

1555

(1)

49.13 Refrigerant Safety

1555

(1)

49.14 Service Technician Calls

1555

(8)

Unit 50 Commercial, Packaged Rooftop, Variable Refrigerant Flow, and Variable Air Volume Systems

1563

(45)

50.1 Rooftop Package Units

1564

(1)

50.2 Installation of Packaged Rooftop Units

1565

(6)

50.3 Economizers

1571

(5)

50.4 Economizer Modes of Operation

1576

(2)

50.5 Ashrae Standard 62

1578

(1)

50.6 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)

1579

(1)

50.7 Traditional Constant-Volume Air Distribution Methods

1580

(1)

50.8 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems

1580

(1)

50.9 Blowers on VAV Systems

1580

(1)

50.10 VAV Boxes and Terminal Units

1581

(2)

50.11 Hot Water in the Reheat Coils

1583

(1)

50.12 Chilled-Water VAV Systems

1584

(5)

50.13 Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems

1589

(13)

50.14 Dry Coolers

1602

(6)

Appendix A Alternative Heating (Stoves and Fireplace Inserts)

1608

(9)

A.1 Wood-Burning Stoves

1608

(1)

A.2 Organic Makeup and Characteristics of Wood

1608

(1)

A.3 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations

1609

(1)

A.4 Creosote

1609

(1)

A.5 Design Characteristics of Wood-Burning Stoves

1609

(4)

A.6 Installation Procedures

1613

(1)

A.7 Smoke Detectors

1614

(1)

A.8 Gas Stoves

1615

(1)

A.9 Fireplace Inserts

1615

(2)

Appendix B Temperature Conversion Chart

1617

(2)

Glossary/Glosario

1619

(52)

Index

1671

Bundle: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 8th plus Mindtap Hvac, 2 Terms (12 Months) Printed Access Card 8th ed. [Multiple-component retail product]

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