| Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology: Textbook |
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xiii | |
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xiv | |
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How to Use This Text and Supplementary Materials |
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xv | |
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xviii | |
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xx | |
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xxi | |
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Section 1: Theory of Heat |
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2 | (14) |
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History of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (Cooling) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (2) |
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History of Home and Commercial Heating |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Technician Certification Programs |
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9 | (1) |
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Programmatic Accreditation |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Customer Relations and Technician Soft Skills |
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12 | (4) |
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Unit 1 Heat, Temperature, and Pressure |
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16 | (14) |
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1.1 Heat, Temperature, and Pressure |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.10 Sizing Heating Equipment |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.12 Atmospheric Pressure |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (9) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.8 Conservation of Energy |
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35 | (1) |
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2.9 Energy Contained in Heat |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.14 Electrical Power the Watt |
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37 | (2) |
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Unit 3 Refrigeration and Refrigerants |
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39 | (47) |
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3.1 Introduction to Refrigeration |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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3.3 Rating Refrigeration Equipment |
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40 | (1) |
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3.4 The Refrigeration Process |
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41 | (2) |
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3.5 Temperature and Pressure Relationship |
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43 | (5) |
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3.6 Refrigeration Components |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (2) |
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3.10 The Refrigerant Metering Device |
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54 | (2) |
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3.11 Matching Refrigeration Systems and Components |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.13 Refrigerants Must Be Safe |
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60 | (1) |
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3.14 Refrigerants Must Be Detectable |
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60 | (2) |
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3.15 The Boiling Point of the Refrigerant |
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62 | (1) |
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3.16 Pumping Characteristics |
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62 | (1) |
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3.17 Popular Refrigerants and their Important Characteristics |
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62 | (1) |
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3.18 Refrigerant Cylinder Color Codes |
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62 | (3) |
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3.19 Recovery, Recycling, or Reclaiming of Refrigerants |
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65 | (1) |
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3.20 Plotting the Refrigerant Cycle |
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65 | (14) |
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3.21 Plotting the Refrigerant Cycle for Blends with Noticeable Temperature Glide (Zeotropic Blends) |
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79 | (7) |
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Section 2: Safety, Tools and Equipment, and Shop Practices |
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Unit 4 General Safety Practices |
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86 | (18) |
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4.1 Pressure Vessels and Piping |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (5) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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4.7 Refrigerants in Your Breathing Space |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (3) |
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Unit 5 Tools and Equipment |
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104 | (35) |
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104 | (6) |
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5.2 Specialized Hand Tools |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (5) |
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5.4 Specialized Service and Installation Equipment |
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117 | (3) |
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5.5 Refrigerant Leak Detectors |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (9) |
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5.7 Miscellaneous Tools and Equipment for Specialized Needs |
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131 | (8) |
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139 | (16) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (5) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (8) |
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155 | (32) |
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7.1 Purpose of Tubing and Piping |
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155 | (1) |
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7.2 Types and Sizes of Tubing |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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7.7 Soldering and Brazing Processes |
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161 | (1) |
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7.8 Heat Sources for Soldering and Brazing |
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162 | (6) |
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168 | (1) |
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7.10 Soldering Techniques |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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7.12 Practical Soldering and Brazing Tips |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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7.15 Compression Fittings |
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177 | (1) |
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7.16 Steel and Wrought Iron Pipe |
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178 | (4) |
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7.17 Installing Steel Pipe |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (2) |
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7.19 Alternative Mechanical Piping Connections |
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184 | (3) |
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Unit 8 Leak Detection, System Evacuation, and System Cleanup |
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187 | (36) |
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187 | (2) |
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8.2 Basic Refrigerant Leak Detection |
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189 | (2) |
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8.3 Advanced Leak Detection |
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191 | (2) |
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8.4 Standing Pressure Test |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (11) |
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8.8 General Evacuation Procedures |
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210 | (8) |
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8.9 Cleaning a Dirty System |
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218 | (5) |
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Unit 9 Refrigerant and Oil Chemistry and Management Recovery, Recycling, Reclaiming, and Retrofitting |
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223 | (44) |
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9.1 Refrigerants and the Environment |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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9.8 Hydrofluoro Olefin (HFO) Refrigerants |
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228 | (1) |
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9.9 Hydrocarbon (HC) Refrigerants |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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9.12 Popular Refrigerants and Their Compatible Oils |
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235 | (5) |
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9.13 Refrigerant Oils and Their Applications |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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9.16 Recover, Recycle, or Reclaim |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (3) |
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9.18 Mechanical Recovery Systems |
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248 | (7) |
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9.19 Recovering Refrigerant from Small Appliances |
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255 | (3) |
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9.20 Reclaiming Refrigerant |
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258 | (1) |
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9.21 Refrigerant Retrofitting |
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258 | (6) |
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9.22 Refrigerants and Tools in the Future |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (17) |
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10.1 Charging a Refrigeration System |
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267 | (1) |
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10.2 Vapor Refrigerant Charging |
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267 | (2) |
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10.3 Liquid Refrigerant Charging |
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269 | (3) |
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10.4 Weighing Refrigerant |
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272 | (1) |
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10.5 Using Charging Devices |
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273 | (1) |
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10.6 Using Charging Charts |
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274 | (3) |
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10.7 Subcooling Charging Method for TXV Systems |
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277 | (2) |
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10.8 Charging Near Azeotropic (Zeotropic) Refrigerant Blends |
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279 | (5) |
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Unit 11 Calibrating Instruments |
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284 | (12) |
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284 | (1) |
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11.2 Temperature Measuring Instruments |
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284 | (4) |
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11.3 Pressure Test Instruments |
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288 | (1) |
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11.4 Electrical Test Instruments |
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289 | (2) |
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11.5 Electronic Refrigerant Leak Detection Devices |
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291 | (1) |
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11.6 Flue Gas Analysis Instruments |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (3) |
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Section 3: Automatic Controls |
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Unit 12 Basic Electricity and Magnetism |
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296 | (30) |
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296 | (1) |
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12.2 Movement of Electrons |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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12.5 Electricity Produced from Magnetism |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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12.7 Units of Electrical Measurement |
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299 | (1) |
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12.8 The Basic Electric Circuit |
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299 | (1) |
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12.9 Making Electrical Measurements |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (4) |
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12.11 Characteristics of Series Circuits |
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304 | (1) |
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12.12 Characteristics of Parallel Circuits |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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12.19 Electrical Measuring Instruments |
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310 | (4) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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12.22 Circuit Protection Devices |
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316 | (3) |
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319 | (7) |
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Unit 13 Introduction to Automatic Controls |
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326 | (13) |
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13.1 Types of Automatic Controls |
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326 | (1) |
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13.2 Devices that Respond to Thermal Change |
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (3) |
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13.4 Control by Fluid Expansion |
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331 | (2) |
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333 | (3) |
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13.6 Electronic Temperature Sensing Devices |
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336 | (3) |
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Unit 14 Automatic Control Components and Applications |
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339 | (31) |
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14.1 Temperature Controls |
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339 | (2) |
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14.2 Low Voltage Space Temperature Controls |
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341 | (4) |
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14.3 Line Voltage Space Temperature Controls |
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345 | (2) |
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14.4 Sensing the Temperature of Solids |
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347 | (2) |
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14.5 Measuring the Temperature of Fluids |
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349 | (3) |
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14.6 Pressure Sensing Devices |
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352 | (4) |
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14.7 Pressure Transducers |
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356 | (1) |
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14.8 High Pressure Controls |
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357 | (1) |
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14.9 Low Pressure Controls |
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358 | (1) |
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14.10 Oil Pressure Safety Controls |
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359 | (2) |
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14.11 Air Pressure Controls |
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361 | (1) |
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14.12 Gas Pressure Switches |
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361 | (1) |
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14.13 Switchless Devices That Control Fluid Flow |
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361 | (1) |
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14.14 Water Pressure Regulators |
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362 | (1) |
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14.15 Gas Pressure Regulators |
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363 | (1) |
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14.16 Mechanical and Electromechanical Controls |
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363 | (1) |
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14.17 Maintenance of Mechanical Controls |
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364 | (1) |
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14.18 Maintenance of Electromechanical Controls |
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364 | (1) |
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14.19 Service Technician Calls |
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365 | (5) |
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Unit 15 Troubleshooting Basic Controls |
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370 | (24) |
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15.1 Introduction to Troubleshooting |
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370 | (1) |
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15.2 Troubleshooting a Simple Circuit |
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371 | (1) |
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15.3 Troubleshooting a Complex Circuit |
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372 | (3) |
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15.4 Troubleshooting the Thermostat |
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375 | (2) |
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15.5 Troubleshooting Amperage in the Low Voltage Circuit |
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377 | (1) |
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15.6 Troubleshooting Voltage in the Low Voltage Circuit |
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378 | (1) |
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15.7 Troubleshooting Switches and Loads |
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378 | (7) |
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15.8 Pictorial and Ladder Diagrams |
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385 | (2) |
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15.9 Service Technician Calls |
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387 | (7) |
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Unit 16 Advanced Automatic Controls Direct Digital Controls (DDCs) and Pneumatics |
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394 | (24) |
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16.1 Control Applications |
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394 | (1) |
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16.2 Types of Control Systems |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (1) |
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16.4 Cleaning and Drying Control Air |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (5) |
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16.6 Direct Digital Controls (DDCs) |
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403 | (7) |
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16.7 Residential Electronic Controls |
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410 | (8) |
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Section 4: Electric Motors |
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Unit 17 Types of Electric Motors |
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418 | (32) |
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17.1 Uses of Electric Motors |
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418 | (1) |
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17.2 Parts of an Electric Motor |
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418 | (1) |
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17.3 Electric Motors and Magnetism |
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419 | (1) |
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17.4 Determining a Motor's Speed |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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17.6 Starting and Running Characteristics |
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421 | (1) |
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17.7 Electrical Power Supplies |
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422 | (2) |
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17.8 Single Phase Open Motors |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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17.10 The Centrifugal Switch |
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424 | (2) |
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17.11 The Electronic Relay |
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426 | (1) |
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17.12 Capacitor Start Motors |
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426 | (1) |
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17.13 Capacitor Start, Capacitor Run Motors |
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427 | (1) |
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17.14 Permanent Split Capacitor Motors |
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427 | (2) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (2) |
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17.17 Single Phase Hermetic Motors |
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431 | (1) |
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17.18 The Potential Relay |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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17.21 Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistor (PTCR) |
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435 | (1) |
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17.22 Troubleshooting the PTCR |
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436 | (1) |
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17.23 Two Speed Compressor Motors |
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436 | (1) |
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17.24 Special Application Motors |
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437 | (1) |
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17.25 Three Phase Compressor Motors |
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437 | (1) |
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17.26 Variable Speed Motors |
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438 | (3) |
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17.27 DC Converters (Rectifiers) |
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441 | (2) |
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17.28 Inverters and Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) |
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443 | (3) |
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17.29 Electronically Commutated Motors (ECMs) |
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446 | (1) |
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17.30 Cooling Electric Motors |
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447 | (3) |
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Unit 18 Application of Motors |
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450 | (18) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (7) |
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18.3 Electric Motor Working Conditions |
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457 | (1) |
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18.4 Insulation Type or Class |
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458 | (1) |
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458 | (2) |
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18.6 Motor Mounting Characteristics |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (6) |
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468 | (11) |
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19.1 Introduction to Motor Control Devices |
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468 | (1) |
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19.2 Full Load and Locked Rotor Amperage |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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19.7 Inherent Motor Protection |
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474 | (1) |
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19.8 External Motor Protection |
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474 | (2) |
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19.9 National Electrical Code® Standards |
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476 | (1) |
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19.10 Temperature Sensing Devices |
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476 | (1) |
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19.11 Magnetic Overload Devices |
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477 | (1) |
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19.12 Restarting the Motor |
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477 | (2) |
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Unit 20 Troubleshooting Electric Motors |
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479 | (19) |
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20.1 Motor Troubleshooting |
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479 | (1) |
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20.2 Mechanical Motor Problems |
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479 | (1) |
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20.3 Removing Drive Assemblies |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (2) |
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20.8 Shorted Motor Windings |
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484 | (1) |
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20.9 Short Circuit to Ground (Frame) |
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485 | (3) |
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20.10 Single Phase Motor Starting Problems |
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488 | (1) |
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20.11 Checking Capacitors |
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488 | (2) |
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20.12 Identification of Capacitors |
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490 | (1) |
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20.13 Wiring and Connectors |
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491 | (1) |
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20.14 Troubleshooting Hermetic Motors |
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492 | (1) |
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20.15 Service Technician Calls |
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492 | (6) |
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Section 5: Commercial Refrigeration |
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Unit 21 Evaporators and the Refrigeration System |
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498 | (25) |
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498 | (1) |
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21.2 Temperature Ranges of Refrigeration |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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21.4 Boiling and Condensing |
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500 | (1) |
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21.5 The Evaporator and Boiling Temperature |
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500 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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21.7 Heat Exchange Characteristics of the Evaporator |
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500 | (3) |
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21.8 Types of Evaporators |
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503 | (6) |
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21.9 Evaporator Evaluation |
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509 | (2) |
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21.10 Latent Heat in the Evaporator |
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511 | (1) |
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21.11 The Flooded Evaporator |
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511 | (1) |
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21.12 Dry Type Evaporator Performance |
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511 | (1) |
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21.13 Evaporator Superheat |
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512 | (1) |
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21.14 Hot Pulldown (Excessively Loaded Evaporator) |
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512 | (1) |
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21.15 Pressure Drop in Evaporators |
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513 | (2) |
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21.16 Liquid Cooling Evaporators (Chillers) |
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515 | (1) |
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21.17 Evaporators for Low Temperature Applications |
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516 | (1) |
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21.18 Defrost of Accumulated Moisture |
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517 | (1) |
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21.19 Evaporator and Defrost Efficiency Controller |
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518 | (5) |
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523 | (35) |
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523 | (1) |
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22.2 Water Cooled Condensers |
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523 | (1) |
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22.3 Tube Within a Tube Condensers |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (2) |
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22.5 Cleanable Tube Within a Tube Condensers |
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526 | (1) |
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22.6 Shell and Coil Condensers |
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527 | (1) |
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22.7 Shell and Tube Condensers |
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528 | (1) |
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528 | (3) |
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22.9 Refrigerant to Water Temperature Relationship for Wastewater Systems |
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531 | (2) |
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22.10 Recirculating Water Systems |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
22.12 Natural Draft Towers |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
22.13 Forced or Induced Draft Towers |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
22.14 Evaporative Condensers |
|
|
535 | (3) |
|
22.15 Air Cooled Condensers |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
22.16 High Efficiency Condensers |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
22.17 The Condenser and Low Ambient Conditions |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
22.18 Head Pressure Controls |
|
|
544 | (10) |
|
22.19 Using the Condenser Superheat |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
22.21 Floating Head Pressures |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
22.22 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
555 | (3) |
|
|
|
558 | (36) |
|
23.1 The Function of the Compressor |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
23.2 Types of Compressors |
|
|
560 | (5) |
|
23.3 Reciprocating Compressor Components |
|
|
565 | (10) |
|
23.4 Belt Drive Mechanism Characteristics |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
23.5 Direct Drive Compressor Characteristics |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
23.6 Reciprocating Compressor Efficiency |
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
23.8 New Technology in Compressors |
|
|
579 | (9) |
|
23.9 Liquid in the Compressor Cylinder |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
23.10 System Maintenance and Compressor Efficiency |
|
|
590 | (4) |
|
Unit 24 Expansion Devices |
|
|
594 | (27) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
24.2 Thermostatic Expansion Valve |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
24.8 The Sensing Bulb and Transmission Tube |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
24.9 Types of Bulb Charge |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
24.10 The Liquid Charge Bulb |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
24.11 The Cross Liquid Charge Bulb |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
24.12 The Vapor (Gas) Charge Bulb |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
24.13 The Cross Vapor Charge Bulb |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
24.14 Example of a TXV Functioning with an Internal Equalizer |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
24.15 TXV Functioning with External Equalizers |
|
|
605 | (4) |
|
24.16 TXV Response to Load Changes |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
24.17 Selection of TXV Valves |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
24.19 The Pressure Limiting TXV |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
24.21 Installing the Sensing Element |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
24.22 Step Motor Expansion Valves |
|
|
611 | (3) |
|
24.23 Algorithms and PID Controllers |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
24.24 The Automatic Expansion Valve |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
24.25 Automatic Expansion Valve Response to Load Changes |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
24.26 Special Considerations for the TXV and AXV |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
24.27 The Capillary Tube Metering Device |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
24.28 Operating Charge for the Capillary Tube System |
|
|
618 | (3) |
|
Unit 25 Special Refrigeration System Components |
|
|
621 | (47) |
|
25.1 The Four Basic Components |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
25.3 Two Temperature Controls |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
25.4 Evaporator Pressure Control |
|
|
621 | (3) |
|
25.5 Multiple Evaporators |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
25.6 Electric Evaporator Pressure Regulating Valve |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
25.7 Crankcase Pressure Regulator |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
25.8 Adjusting the CPR Valve |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
25.10 Fan Cycling Head Pressure Controls |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
25.11 Fan Speed Control for Controlling Head Pressure |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
25.12 Air Volume Control for Controlling Head Pressure |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
25.13 Condenser Flooding and Condenser Splitting for Controlling Head Pressure |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
25.14 Electrical Controls |
|
|
631 | (2) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
25.16 Low Pressure Switch |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
25.17 Low Pressure Control Applied as a Thermostat |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
25.18 Automatic Pumpdown Systems |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
25.19 High Pressure Control |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
25.20 Low Ambient Fan Control |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
25.21 Oil Pressure Safety Control |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
25.23 Medium Temperature Refrigeration |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
25.24 Random or Off Cycle Defrost |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
25.26 Low Temperature Evaporator Defrost |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
25.27 Internal Heat Defrost (Hot Gas and Cool Gas Defrost) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
25.28 External Heat Defrost |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
25.29 Defrost Termination and Fan Delay Control |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
25.30 Refrigeration Accessories |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
25.32 The King Valve on the Receiver |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (2) |
|
25.34 Refrigerant Check Valves |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
25.35 Refrigerant Sight Glasses |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
25.36 Liquid Refrigerant Distributors |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
25.38 Suction Line Accumulators |
|
|
654 | (2) |
|
25.39 Suction Line Filter Driers |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
25.40 Suction Service Valves |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
25.41 Discharge Service Valves |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
25.42 Refrigeration Line Service Valves |
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (2) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
25.46 Vibration Eliminators |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
25.47 Pressure Access Ports |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
25.50 Compressor Oil Check Valve and Partition Wall |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
Unit 26 Applications of Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
668 | (36) |
|
26.1 Application Decisions |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
26.2 Reach in Refrigeration |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
26.3 Self Contained Reach in Fixtures |
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
26.4 Individual Condensing Units |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
26.5 Single Compressor Applications and Multiple Evaporators |
|
|
672 | (3) |
|
26.6 Parallel Compressor Systems |
|
|
675 | (8) |
|
26.7 Secondary Fluid Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
683 | (2) |
|
26.8 Carbon Dioxide (R 744) Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
685 | (4) |
|
26.9 Pressurized Liquid Systems |
|
|
689 | (2) |
|
26.10 Distributed Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
26.11 Evaporator Temperature Control |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
26.12 Interconnecting Piping in Multiple Evaporator Installations |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
26.13 Fixture Temperature Control |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
26.14 The Evaporator and Merchandising |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
26.15 Chest Type Display Fixtures |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
26.16 Refrigerated Shelves |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
26.17 Closed Chest Fixtures |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
26.18 Controlling Sweating on Fixture Cabinets |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
26.19 Maintaining Store Ambient Conditions |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
26.20 Walk in Refrigeration |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
26.21 Knock Down Walk in Coolers |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
26.22 Evaporators in a Walk in Cooler |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
26.24 Refrigeration Piping |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
26.25 Package Refrigeration for Walk in Coolers |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
26.26 Refrigerated Air Driers |
|
|
700 | (4) |
|
Unit 27 Commercial Ice Machines |
|
|
704 | (48) |
|
27.1 Packaged Type Ice Making Equipment |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
704 | (9) |
|
|
|
713 | (17) |
|
|
|
730 | (5) |
|
27.5 Water and Ice Quality |
|
|
735 | (7) |
|
27.6 Package Ice Machine Location |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
27.7 Troubleshooting Ice Makers |
|
|
742 | (4) |
|
27.8 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
746 | (6) |
|
Unit 28 Special Refrigeration Applications |
|
|
752 | (18) |
|
28.1 Special Refrigeration Applications |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
28.2 Transport Refrigeration |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
28.3 Truck Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
752 | (7) |
|
28.4 Railway Refrigeration |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
28.5 Extra Low Temperature Refrigeration |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
28.7 Quick Freezing Methods |
|
|
762 | (1) |
|
28.8 Marine Refrigeration |
|
|
763 | (4) |
|
|
|
767 | (3) |
|
Unit 29 Troubleshooting and Typical Operating Conditions for Commercial Refrigeration |
|
|
770 | (48) |
|
29.1 Organized Troubleshooting |
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
29.2 Troubleshooting High Temperature Applications |
|
|
771 | (2) |
|
29.3 Troubleshooting Medium Temperature Applications |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
29.4 Troubleshooting Low Temperature Applications |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
29.5 Typical Air Cooled Condenser Operating Conditions |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
29.6 Calculating the Correct Head Pressure for Air Cooled Equipment |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
29.7 Typical Operating Conditions for Water Cooled Equipment |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
29.8 Typical Operating Conditions for Wastewater Condenser Systems |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
29.9 Typical Operating Conditions for Recirculated Water Systems |
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
29.10 Six Typical Problems |
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
29.11 Low Refrigerant Charge |
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
29.12 Refrigerant Overcharge |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
29.13 Inefficient Evaporator |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
29.14 Inefficient Condenser |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
29.15 Refrigerant Flow Restrictions |
|
|
786 | (3) |
|
29.16 Inefficient Compressor |
|
|
789 | (1) |
|
29.17 Compressor Vacuum Test |
|
|
790 | (1) |
|
29.18 Closed Loop Compressor Running Bench Test |
|
|
790 | (2) |
|
29.19 Closed Loop Compressor Running Field Test |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
29.20 Compressor Running Test in the System |
|
|
792 | (2) |
|
29.21 Diagnostic Chart for Commercial Refrigeration |
|
|
794 | (2) |
|
29.22 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
796 | (22) |
|
Section 6: Air Conditioning (Heating and Humidification) |
|
|
|
|
|
818 | (18) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
30.2 Portable Electric Heating Devices |
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
30.3 Radiant Heating Panels |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
30.4 Electric Baseboard Heating |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
30.5 Unit and Wall Heaters |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
30.6 Electric Hydronic Boilers |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
30.7 Central Forced Air Electric Furnaces |
|
|
821 | (1) |
|
30.8 Automatic Controls for Forced Air Electric Furnaces |
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
30.9 The Low Voltage Thermostat |
|
|
822 | (2) |
|
30.10 Controlling Multiple Stages |
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
30.12 Control Circuits for Forced Air Electric Furnaces |
|
|
824 | (2) |
|
30.13 Blower Motor Circuits |
|
|
826 | (4) |
|
30.14 Contactors for Controlling Electric Furnaces |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
30.15 Airflow in Electric Furnaces |
|
|
830 | (3) |
|
30.16 Diagnostic Chart for Electric Heat |
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
30.17 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
833 | (3) |
|
|
|
836 | (74) |
|
31.1 Introduction to Gas Fired, Forced Hot Air Furnaces |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
|
837 | (3) |
|
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
|
|
841 | (3) |
|
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
31.9 Heat Motor Controlled Valve |
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
31.10 Automatic Combination Gas Valve |
|
|
847 | (5) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
31.18 Safety Devices at the Standing Pilot |
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
|
|
862 | (4) |
|
31.20 Flame Rectification |
|
|
866 | (3) |
|
31.21 High Efficiency Gas Furnaces |
|
|
869 | (4) |
|
31.22 Electronic Ignition Modules and Integrated Furnace Controllers |
|
|
873 | (5) |
|
31.23 Two Stage Gas Furnaces |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
31.24 Modulating Gas Furnaces |
|
|
879 | (2) |
|
|
|
881 | (3) |
|
|
|
884 | (2) |
|
31.27 Gas Furnace Wiring Diagrams and Troubleshooting Flowcharts |
|
|
886 | (2) |
|
31.28 Troubleshooting the Safety Pilot Proving Device the Thermocouple |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
31.29 Troubleshooting Spark Ignition and Intermittent Pilot Systems |
|
|
888 | (9) |
|
31.30 Combustion Efficiency |
|
|
897 | (6) |
|
31.31 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
903 | (7) |
|
|
|
910 | (59) |
|
32.1 Introduction to Oil Fired, Forced Warm Air Furnaces |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
32.2 Physical Characteristics |
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (3) |
|
|
|
914 | (2) |
|
32.5 Fuel Oil Supply Systems |
|
|
916 | (5) |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
32.7 Preparation of Fuel Oil for Combustion |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
32.8 By Products of Combustion |
|
|
923 | (1) |
|
32.9 Gun Type Oil Burners |
|
|
923 | (16) |
|
32.10 Oil Furnace Wiring Diagrams |
|
|
939 | (5) |
|
32.11 Wiring Diagram for the Stack Switch Safety Control |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
32.12 Wiring Diagram for Cad Cell Primary Control with Intermittent Ignition |
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
32.13 Wiring Diagram for Cad Cell Primary Control with Interrupted Ignition |
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
|
|
950 | (4) |
|
32.16 Condensing Oil Furnace |
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
|
|
955 | (4) |
|
32.18 Combustion Efficiency |
|
|
959 | (4) |
|
32.19 Diagnostic Chart for Oil Heat |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
32.20 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
964 | (5) |
|
|
|
969 | (56) |
|
33.1 Introduction to Hydronic Heating |
|
|
969 | (1) |
|
|
|
970 | (4) |
|
33.3 The Basic Hydronic System |
|
|
974 | (6) |
|
33.4 The Point of No Pressure Change |
|
|
980 | (1) |
|
33.5 Other Hydronic System Components |
|
|
981 | (10) |
|
33.6 High Temperature Hydronic Piping Systems |
|
|
991 | (12) |
|
33.7 Radiant, Low Temperature Hydronic Piping Systems |
|
|
1003 | (6) |
|
33.8 Combination (High and Low Temperature) Piping Systems |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
33.9 Tankless Domestic Hot Water Heaters |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
33.10 Solar Heating as a Supplemental Heat Source |
|
|
1010 | (11) |
|
33.11 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1021 | (4) |
|
Unit 34 Indoor Air Quality |
|
|
1025 | (23) |
|
|
|
1025 | (1) |
|
34.2 Sources of Indoor Air Pollution |
|
|
1025 | (2) |
|
|
|
1027 | (5) |
|
34.4 Detecting and Eliminating the Source of Contamination |
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
|
1032 | (2) |
|
|
|
1034 | (4) |
|
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
|
1039 | (4) |
|
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
34.11 Service, Troubleshooting, and Preventive Maintenance |
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
34.12 Diagnostic Chart for Filtration and Humidification Systems |
|
|
1044 | (4) |
|
Section 7: Air Conditioning (Cooling) |
|
|
|
Unit 35 Comfort and Psychrometrics |
|
|
1048 | (24) |
|
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
35.2 Food Energy and the Body |
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
35.3 Heat Transfer to and from the Body |
|
|
1049 | (1) |
|
|
|
1050 | (1) |
|
|
|
1050 | (2) |
|
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
35.7 Absolute and Relative Humidity |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
35.8 Superheated Gases in Air |
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
35.9 Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb Temperatures |
|
|
1055 | (2) |
|
35.10 Dew Point Temperature |
|
|
1057 | (1) |
|
|
|
1057 | (1) |
|
35.12 The Psychrometric Chart |
|
|
1058 | (3) |
|
35.13 Plotting on the Psychrometric Chart |
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
35.14 Fresh Air, Infiltration, and Ventilation |
|
|
1061 | (11) |
|
Unit 36 Refrigeration Applied to Air Conditioning |
|
|
1072 | (21) |
|
|
|
1072 | (1) |
|
36.2 Structural Heat Gain |
|
|
1072 | (2) |
|
|
|
1074 | (2) |
|
36.4 Refrigerated Cooling or Air Conditioning |
|
|
1076 | (1) |
|
|
|
1077 | (2) |
|
36.6 The Function of the Evaporator |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
|
|
1080 | (2) |
|
36.8 Evaporator Application |
|
|
1082 | (1) |
|
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
36.10 The Reciprocating Compressor |
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
36.11 Compressor Speeds (RPM) |
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
36.12 Cooling the Compressor and Motor |
|
|
1083 | (1) |
|
36.13 Compressor Mountings |
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
36.14 The Rotary Compressor |
|
|
1084 | (2) |
|
36.15 The Scroll Compressor |
|
|
1086 | (1) |
|
|
|
1087 | (2) |
|
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
36.18 Air Side Components |
|
|
1089 | (1) |
|
36.19 Installation Procedures |
|
|
1089 | (4) |
|
Unit 37 Air Distribution and Balance |
|
|
1093 | (50) |
|
37.1 Conditioning Equipment |
|
|
1093 | (1) |
|
37.2 Correct Air Quantity |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
37.3 The Forced Air System |
|
|
1094 | (1) |
|
|
|
1094 | (3) |
|
|
|
1097 | (1) |
|
37.6 Air Measuring Instruments for Duct Systems |
|
|
1098 | (1) |
|
37.7 Types of Fans and Blowers |
|
|
1099 | (3) |
|
37.8 Types of Drive Assemblies |
|
|
1102 | (1) |
|
37.9 The Supply Duct System |
|
|
1103 | (4) |
|
37.10 Duct System Standards |
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
|
|
1107 | (10) |
|
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
|
1118 | (1) |
|
|
|
1119 | (3) |
|
|
|
1122 | (1) |
|
37.16 Blending the Conditioned Air with Room Air |
|
|
1123 | (1) |
|
37.17 The Return Air Duct System |
|
|
1124 | (1) |
|
37.18 Sizing Duct for Moving Air |
|
|
1124 | (4) |
|
37.19 Measuring Air Movement for Balancing |
|
|
1128 | (2) |
|
37.20 The Air Friction Chart |
|
|
1130 | (8) |
|
37.21 Practical Troubleshooting Techniques |
|
|
1138 | (5) |
|
|
|
1143 | (24) |
|
38.1 Introduction to Equipment Installation |
|
|
1143 | (1) |
|
38.2 Installing Square and Rectangular Duct |
|
|
1143 | (2) |
|
38.3 Installing Round Metal Duct Systems |
|
|
1145 | (1) |
|
38.4 Insulation and Acoustical Lining for Metal Duct |
|
|
1146 | (1) |
|
38.5 Installing Ductboard Systems |
|
|
1146 | (2) |
|
38.6 Installing Flexible Duct |
|
|
1148 | (1) |
|
38.7 Electrical Installation |
|
|
1148 | (2) |
|
38.8 Installing the Refrigeration System |
|
|
1150 | (4) |
|
38.9 Installing Split System Air Conditioners |
|
|
1154 | (4) |
|
38.10 The Split System Condensing Unit |
|
|
1158 | (1) |
|
38.11 Installing Refrigerant Piping on Split Systems |
|
|
1159 | (4) |
|
|
|
1163 | (4) |
|
Unit 39 Residential Energy Auditing |
|
|
1167 | (51) |
|
|
|
1167 | (1) |
|
39.2 Residential (Home) Energy Auditing |
|
|
1168 | (1) |
|
39.3 Performing a Home Energy Audit |
|
|
1169 | (6) |
|
|
|
1175 | (1) |
|
|
|
1175 | (3) |
|
39.6 Infrared Scanning Using a Thermal Imaging Camera |
|
|
1178 | (7) |
|
|
|
1185 | (3) |
|
39.8 Duct Leakage Testing |
|
|
1188 | (5) |
|
39.9 Duct Pressurization Test for Total Air Leakage |
|
|
1193 | (1) |
|
39.10 Duct Leakage to the Outdoors |
|
|
1194 | (1) |
|
39.11 Combustion Efficiency and Safety Testing |
|
|
1194 | (3) |
|
39.12 Furnace Efficiency Testing |
|
|
1197 | (2) |
|
39.13 Furnace Efficiency Ratings |
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
|
|
1199 | (1) |
|
39.15 Furnace Preventive Maintenance |
|
|
1200 | (1) |
|
39.16 Spillage and Backdrafting |
|
|
1201 | (1) |
|
39.17 Flame Safeguard Controls |
|
|
1202 | (2) |
|
|
|
1204 | (1) |
|
|
|
1204 | (3) |
|
|
|
1207 | (2) |
|
39.21 High Efficiency Gas Furnace Anatomy |
|
|
1209 | (2) |
|
39.22 HVAC/R System Testing |
|
|
1211 | (1) |
|
39.23 Numerical Analysis and Reporting |
|
|
1212 | (6) |
|
Unit 40 Typical Operating Conditions |
|
|
1218 | (15) |
|
40.1 Mechanical Operating Conditions |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
40.2 Relative Humidity and the Load |
|
|
1218 | (1) |
|
40.3 Relationships of System Component Under Load Changes |
|
|
1219 | (1) |
|
40.4 Evaporator Operating Conditions |
|
|
1219 | (1) |
|
40.5 High Evaporator Load and a Cool Condenser |
|
|
1219 | (3) |
|
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
40.7 Documentation with the Unit |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
40.8 Establishing a Reference Point on Unknown Equipment |
|
|
1224 | (1) |
|
40.9 System Pressures and Temperatures for Different Operating Conditions |
|
|
1225 | (3) |
|
40.10 Equipment Efficiency Rating |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
40.11 Typical Electrical Operating Conditions |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
40.12 Matching the Unit to the Correct Power Supply |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
40.13 Starting the Equipment with the Correct Data |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
40.14 Finding a Point of Reference for an Unknown Motor Rating |
|
|
1229 | (1) |
|
40.15 Determining the Compressor Running Amperage |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
40.16 Compressors Operating at Full Load Current |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
40.17 High Voltage, the Compressor, and Current Draw |
|
|
1230 | (1) |
|
40.18 Current Draw and the Two Speed Compressor |
|
|
1231 | (2) |
|
|
|
1233 | (33) |
|
|
|
1233 | (1) |
|
41.2 Mechanical Troubleshooting |
|
|
1233 | (4) |
|
41.3 Approach Temperature and Temperature Difference |
|
|
1237 | (1) |
|
41.4 Gauge Manifold Usage |
|
|
1238 | (1) |
|
41.5 When to Connect the Gauges |
|
|
1239 | (1) |
|
41.6 Low Side Gauge Readings |
|
|
1240 | (1) |
|
41.7 High Side Gauge Readings |
|
|
1240 | (2) |
|
41.8 Temperature Readings |
|
|
1242 | (5) |
|
41.9 Charging Procedures in the Field |
|
|
1247 | (3) |
|
41.10 Electrical Troubleshooting |
|
|
1250 | (1) |
|
41.11 Compressor Overload Problems |
|
|
1251 | (1) |
|
41.12 Compressor Electrical Checkup |
|
|
1252 | (4) |
|
41.13 Troubleshooting the Circuit Electrical Protectors Fuses and Breakers |
|
|
1256 | (1) |
|
41.14 Diagnostic Chart for Air Conditioning (Cooling) Systems |
|
|
1257 | (1) |
|
41.15 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1258 | (8) |
|
Section 8: All Weather Systems |
|
|
|
Unit 42 Heat Gains and Heat Losses in Structures |
|
|
1266 | (19) |
|
42.1 Introduction to Heat Gain and Heat Loss |
|
|
1266 | (1) |
|
42.2 Methods to Determine the Heat Gain and Heat Loss of a Structure |
|
|
1267 | (1) |
|
42.3 Indoor and Outdoor Design Conditions for Heating and Cooling |
|
|
1268 | (1) |
|
42.4 U Values and R Values |
|
|
1269 | (2) |
|
42.5 Introduction to Heat Gain and Heat Loss Calculations |
|
|
1271 | (1) |
|
42.6 Elements of Structural Heat Loss (Heating Mode) |
|
|
1271 | (7) |
|
42.7 Elements of Structural Heat Gain (Cooling Mode) |
|
|
1278 | (7) |
|
Unit 43 Air Source Heat Pumps |
|
|
1285 | (50) |
|
43.1 Reverse Cycle Refrigeration |
|
|
1285 | (1) |
|
43.2 Heat Sources for Winter |
|
|
1286 | (1) |
|
43.3 The Four Way Reversing Valve |
|
|
1287 | (3) |
|
43.4 The Air to Air Heat Pump |
|
|
1290 | (1) |
|
43.5 Refrigerant Line Identification |
|
|
1290 | (2) |
|
|
|
1292 | (1) |
|
43.7 Thermostatic Expansion Valves |
|
|
1292 | (2) |
|
|
|
1294 | (1) |
|
43.9 Combinations of Metering Devices |
|
|
1295 | (1) |
|
43.10 Electronic Expansion Valves |
|
|
1296 | (1) |
|
43.11 Orifice Metering Devices |
|
|
1296 | (1) |
|
43.12 Liquid Line Accessories |
|
|
1296 | (2) |
|
43.13 Application of the Air to Air Heat Pump |
|
|
1298 | (1) |
|
|
|
1298 | (1) |
|
|
|
1299 | (1) |
|
43.16 Coefficient of Performance |
|
|
1299 | (1) |
|
43.17 The Split Type, Air to Air Heat Pump |
|
|
1300 | (1) |
|
|
|
1300 | (1) |
|
43.19 Temperature of the Conditioned Air |
|
|
1301 | (1) |
|
|
|
1302 | (1) |
|
43.21 Package Air to Air Heat Pumps |
|
|
1303 | (1) |
|
43.22 Controls for the Air to Air Heat Pump |
|
|
1304 | (7) |
|
|
|
1311 | (3) |
|
43.24 Indoor Fan Motor Control |
|
|
1314 | (1) |
|
43.25 Second Stage Electric Heat |
|
|
1314 | (2) |
|
43.26 Servicing the Air to Air Heat Pump |
|
|
1316 | (1) |
|
43.27 Troubleshooting the Electrical System |
|
|
1316 | (1) |
|
43.28 Troubleshooting Mechanical Problems |
|
|
1317 | (1) |
|
43.29 Troubleshooting the Four Way Reversing Valve |
|
|
1318 | (2) |
|
43.30 Troubleshooting the Compressor |
|
|
1320 | (1) |
|
43.31 Checking the Charge |
|
|
1321 | (1) |
|
43.32 Special Applications for Heat Pumps |
|
|
1321 | (1) |
|
43.33 Heat Pumps using Scroll Compressors |
|
|
1322 | (1) |
|
43.34 Heat Pump Systems with Variable Speed Motors |
|
|
1323 | (2) |
|
43.35 Diagnostic Chart for Heat Pumps in the Heating Mode |
|
|
1325 | (1) |
|
43.36 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1325 | (10) |
|
Unit 44 Geothermal Heat Pumps |
|
|
1335 | (37) |
|
44.1 Reverse Cycle Refrigeration |
|
|
1335 | (1) |
|
44.2 Geothermal Heat Pump Classifications |
|
|
1335 | (1) |
|
|
|
1336 | (1) |
|
|
|
1337 | (1) |
|
|
|
1338 | (4) |
|
44.6 Ground Loop Configurations and Flows |
|
|
1342 | (3) |
|
44.7 System Materials and Heat Exchange Fluids |
|
|
1345 | (2) |
|
44.8 Geothermal Wells and Water Sources for Open Loop Systems |
|
|
1347 | (2) |
|
44.9 Water to Water Heat Pumps |
|
|
1349 | (3) |
|
|
|
1352 | (2) |
|
44.11 Direct Geothermal Heat Pump Systems |
|
|
1354 | (11) |
|
44.12 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1365 | (7) |
|
Section 9: Domestic Appliances |
|
|
|
Unit 45 Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers |
|
|
1372 | (61) |
|
|
|
1372 | (8) |
|
45.2 Capacity of Domestic Systems |
|
|
1380 | (1) |
|
|
|
1381 | (3) |
|
|
|
1384 | (2) |
|
|
|
1386 | (4) |
|
|
|
1390 | (2) |
|
45.7 Typical Operating Conditions |
|
|
1392 | (2) |
|
|
|
1394 | (1) |
|
|
|
1395 | (9) |
|
45.10 Servicing the Appliance |
|
|
1404 | (15) |
|
45.11 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1419 | (14) |
|
Unit 46 Room Air Conditioners |
|
|
1433 | (31) |
|
46.1 Air Conditioning and Heating with Room Units |
|
|
1433 | (1) |
|
46.2 Room Air Conditioning Cooling |
|
|
1434 | (1) |
|
46.3 The Refrigeration Cycle Cooling |
|
|
1435 | (2) |
|
46.4 Heat Pump Style Room Units |
|
|
1437 | (3) |
|
|
|
1440 | (7) |
|
46.6 Controls for Cooling Only Room Units |
|
|
1447 | (3) |
|
46.7 Controls in Cooling and Heating Units |
|
|
1450 | (1) |
|
46.8 Maintaining and Servicing Room Units |
|
|
1450 | (7) |
|
46.9 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1457 | (7) |
|
Section 10: Commercial Air Conditioning and Chilled Water Systems |
|
|
|
Unit 47 High Pressure, Low Pressure, and Absorption Chilled Water Systems |
|
|
1464 | (45) |
|
|
|
1465 | (1) |
|
47.2 Compression Cycle in High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1466 | (1) |
|
47.3 Reciprocating Compressors in High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1466 | (2) |
|
47.4 Scroll Compressors in High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1468 | (1) |
|
47.5 Rotary Screw Compressors in High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1469 | (1) |
|
47.6 Centrifugal Compressors in High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1470 | (4) |
|
47.7 Evaporators for High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1474 | (4) |
|
47.8 Condensers for High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1478 | (3) |
|
47.9 Metering Devices for High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1481 | (3) |
|
47.10 Low Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1484 | (1) |
|
47.11 Compressors for Low Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1484 | (3) |
|
47.12 Condensers for Low Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1487 | (1) |
|
47.13 Metering Devices for Low Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1487 | (1) |
|
|
|
1487 | (1) |
|
47.15 Absorption Air Conditioning Chillers |
|
|
1488 | (10) |
|
47.16 Motors and Drives for Chillers |
|
|
1498 | (11) |
|
Unit 48 Cooling Towers and Pumps |
|
|
1509 | (27) |
|
48.1 Cooling Tower Function |
|
|
1509 | (2) |
|
48.2 Types of Cooling Towers |
|
|
1511 | (3) |
|
|
|
1514 | (1) |
|
|
|
1515 | (1) |
|
|
|
1515 | (1) |
|
|
|
1516 | (1) |
|
|
|
1517 | (1) |
|
|
|
1518 | (1) |
|
|
|
1518 | (1) |
|
|
|
1519 | (1) |
|
|
|
1520 | (2) |
|
48.12 Balancing the Water Flow in a Cooling Tower |
|
|
1522 | (1) |
|
|
|
1522 | (8) |
|
48.14 Chemical Free Treatment of Cooling Tower Water |
|
|
1530 | (6) |
|
Unit 49 Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting of Chilled Water Air Conditioning Systems |
|
|
1536 | (27) |
|
|
|
1536 | (6) |
|
49.2 Valves for Large Systems |
|
|
1542 | (3) |
|
49.3 Scroll and Reciprocating Chiller Operation |
|
|
1545 | (1) |
|
49.4 Large Positive Displacement Chiller Operation |
|
|
1546 | (1) |
|
49.5 Centrifugal Chiller Operation |
|
|
1546 | (1) |
|
49.6 Air Cooled Chiller Maintenance |
|
|
1546 | (2) |
|
49.7 Water Cooled Chiller Maintenance |
|
|
1548 | (3) |
|
49.8 Absorption Chilled Water System Start Up |
|
|
1551 | (1) |
|
49.9 Absorption Chiller Operation and Maintenance |
|
|
1552 | (1) |
|
49.10 General Maintenance for all Chillers |
|
|
1553 | (1) |
|
49.11 Low Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1553 | (2) |
|
49.12 High Pressure Chillers |
|
|
1555 | (1) |
|
|
|
1555 | (1) |
|
49.14 Service Technician Calls |
|
|
1555 | (8) |
|
Unit 50 Commercial, Packaged Rooftop, Variable Refrigerant Flow, and Variable Air Volume Systems |
|
|
1563 | (45) |
|
50.1 Rooftop Package Units |
|
|
1564 | (1) |
|
50.2 Installation of Packaged Rooftop Units |
|
|
1565 | (6) |
|
|
|
1571 | (5) |
|
50.4 Economizer Modes of Operation |
|
|
1576 | (2) |
|
|
|
1578 | (1) |
|
50.6 Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) |
|
|
1579 | (1) |
|
50.7 Traditional Constant Volume Air Distribution Methods |
|
|
1580 | (1) |
|
50.8 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems |
|
|
1580 | (1) |
|
50.9 Blowers on VAV Systems |
|
|
1580 | (1) |
|
50.10 VAV Boxes and Terminal Units |
|
|
1581 | (2) |
|
50.11 Hot Water in the Reheat Coils |
|
|
1583 | (1) |
|
50.12 Chilled Water VAV Systems |
|
|
1584 | (5) |
|
50.13 Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems |
|
|
1589 | (13) |
|
|
|
1602 | (6) |
|
Appendix A Alternative Heating (Stoves and Fireplace Inserts) |
|
|
1608 | (9) |
|
|
|
1608 | (1) |
|
A.2 Organic Makeup and Characteristics of Wood |
|
|
1608 | (1) |
|
A.3 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations |
|
|
1609 | (1) |
|
|
|
1609 | (1) |
|
A.5 Design Characteristics of Wood Burning Stoves |
|
|
1609 | (4) |
|
A.6 Installation Procedures |
|
|
1613 | (1) |
|
|
|
1614 | (1) |
|
|
|
1615 | (1) |
|
|
|
1615 | (2) |
|
Appendix B Temperature Conversion Chart |
|
|
1617 | (2) |
|
|
|
1619 | (52) |
|
|
|
1671 | |
| Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology: Lab Manual and Workbook |
|
|
|
|
ix | |
|
Tool List: Operating Systems, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Service Equipment, Tools, Materials, and Supplies List |
|
|
xi | |
|
Unit 1 Heat, Temperature, and Pressure |
|
|
1 | (18) |
|
Exercise 1-1 Temperature Conversions |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
Exercise 1-2 The British Thermal Unit |
|
|
7 | (6) |
|
Exercise 1-3 Heat Transfer by Conduction |
|
|
13 | (6) |
|
|
|
19 | (8) |
|
Exercise 2-1 Specific Gravity |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
Exercise 2-3 Work, Power and Heat Energy |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
Unit 3 Refrigeration and Refrigerants |
|
|
27 | (10) |
|
Exercise 3-1 Major Refrigeration System Components and Their Functions |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
Exercise 3-2 Refrigerant Familiarization |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
Exercise 3-3 Refrigerant Pressure/Temperature Relationships |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
Unit 4 General Safety Practices |
|
|
37 | (4) |
|
Unit 5 Tools and Equipment |
|
|
41 | (2) |
|
|
|
43 | (8) |
|
Exercise 6-1 Fastener Identification |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
Exercise 6-2 Machine and Set Screw Identification |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
|
|
51 | (18) |
|
Exercise 7-1 Flaring Tubing |
|
|
55 | (4) |
|
Exercise 7-2 Soldering and Brazing |
|
|
59 | (4) |
|
Exercise 7-3 Joining PVC Pipe Sections |
|
|
63 | (4) |
|
Exercise 7-4 Bending Copper Tubing |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
Unit 8 Leak Detection, System Evacuation, and System Cleanup |
|
|
69 | (12) |
|
Exercise 8-1 Standing Pressure Test |
|
|
71 | (4) |
|
Exercise 8-2 Performing a Deep Vacuum |
|
|
75 | (4) |
|
Exercise 8-3 Triple Evacuation |
|
|
79 | (2) |
|
Unit 9 Refrigerant and Oil Chemistry and Management Recovery, Recycling, Reclaiming, and Retrofitting |
|
|
81 | (6) |
|
Exercise 9-1 Refrigerant Recovery |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
|
|
87 | (20) |
|
Exercise 10-1 Charging a System |
|
|
91 | (4) |
|
Exercise 10-2 Charging a System with Refrigerant Using Scales |
|
|
95 | (4) |
|
Exercise 10-3 Charging a Capillary Tube Air Conditioning System with Refrigerant |
|
|
99 | (4) |
|
Exercise 10-4 Charging a TVX Air Conditioning System with Refrigerant |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
Unit 11 Calibrating Instruments |
|
|
107 | (10) |
|
Exercise 11-1 Calibrating Thermometers |
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
Exercise 11-2 Checking the Accuracy or Calibration of Electrical Instruments |
|
|
113 | (4) |
|
Unit 12 Basic Electricity and Magnetism |
|
|
117 | (18) |
|
Exercise 12-1 Making Voltage and Amperage Readings with a VOM |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
Exercise 12-2 Measuring Resistance and Using Ohm's Law |
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123 | (2) |
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Exercise 12-3 Series Circuits |
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|
125 | (4) |
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Exercise 12-4 Parallel Circuits |
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129 | (6) |
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Unit 13 Introduction to Automatic Controls |
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135 | (10) |
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Exercise 13-1 Automatic Controls |
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137 | (4) |
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Exercise 13-2 Bimetal Switches |
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141 | (4) |
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Unit 14 Automatic Control Components and Applications |
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145 | (14) |
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Exercise 14-1 Controlling Temperature |
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149 | (4) |
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Exercise 14-2 Pressure Sensing Devices |
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153 | (4) |
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Exercise 14-3 Controlling the Head Pressure in a Water Cooled Refrigeration System |
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|
157 | (2) |
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Unit 15 Troubleshooting Basic Controls |
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|
159 | (10) |
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Exercise 15-1 Air Conditioning Circuit Evaluation |
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161 | (2) |
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Exercise 15-2 Troubleshooting Simple Electric Circuits |
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163 | (4) |
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Exercise 15-3 Troubleshooting Electric Circuits |
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|
167 | (2) |
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Unit 16 Advanced Automatic Controls Direct Digital Controls (DDCs) and Pneumatics |
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169 | (6) |
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Exercise 16-1 Direct Digital Controls (DDC) |
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171 | (4) |
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Unit 17 Types of Electric Motors |
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175 | (10) |
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Exercise 17-1 Identification of Electric Motors |
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179 | (4) |
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Exercise 17-2 Compressor Winding Identification |
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183 | (2) |
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Unit 18 Application of Motors |
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185 | (4) |
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Exercise 18-1 Motor Application and Features |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (6) |
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Exercise 19-1 Identification of a Relay, Contactor, and Starter |
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191 | (2) |
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Exercise 19-2 Troubleshooting Contactors and Relays |
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193 | (2) |
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Unit 20 Troubleshooting Electric Motors |
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195 | (10) |
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Exercise 20-1 Belt Drive Motors |
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|
197 | (4) |
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Exercise 20-2 Examination of a Hermetic Compressor Electric Motor |
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201 | (2) |
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Exercise 20-3 Megohmmeter Usage |
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203 | (2) |
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Unit 21 Evaporators and the Refrigeration System |
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|
205 | (14) |
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Exercise 21-1 Evaporator Functions and Superheat |
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|
209 | (4) |
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Exercise 21-2 Evaporator Performance |
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213 | (2) |
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Exercise 21-3 Checking an Evaporator Under Excessive Load |
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|
215 | (4) |
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219 | (14) |
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Exercise 22-1 Condenser Functions and Desuperheat |
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|
223 | (4) |
|
Exercise 22-2 Air Cooled Condenser Performance |
|
|
227 | (2) |
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Exercise 22-3 Evaluation of a Water Cooled Condenser |
|
|
229 | (2) |
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Exercise 22-4 Determining the Correct Head Pressure |
|
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231 | (2) |
|
|
|
233 | (12) |
|
Exercise 23-1 Compressor Operating Temperatures |
|
|
237 | (4) |
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Exercise 23-2 Compressor Efficiency |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
Exercise 23-3 Hermetic Compressor Changeout |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
Unit 24 Expansion Devices |
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|
245 | (16) |
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Exercise 24-1 Evaluating a Thermostatic Expansion Device |
|
|
249 | (2) |
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Exercise 24-2 Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigerated Cooler with TXV |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
Exercise 24-3 Capillary Tube System Evaluation |
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|
253 | (2) |
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Exercise 24-4 Troubleshooting Exercise: Hermetic Compressor and Capillary Tube System |
|
|
255 | (2) |
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Exercise 24-5 Troubleshooting Exercise: Hermetic Compressor and Capillary Tube System |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
Exercise 24-6 Changing a Thermostatic Expansion Valve |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
Unit 25 Special Refrigeration System Components |
|
|
261 | (8) |
|
Exercise 25-1 Pumping Refrigerant into the Receiver |
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
Exercise 25-2 Adjusting the Crankcase Pressure Regulator (CPR) Valve |
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
Unit 26 Applications of Refrigeration Systems |
|
|
269 | (6) |
|
Exercise 26-1 Application and Evaluation of a Refrigeration System |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
Unit 27 Commercial Ice Machines |
|
|
275 | (16) |
|
Exercise 27-1 Ice Maker Data and Familiarization |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
Exercise 27-2 Ice Making Methods |
|
|
281 | (2) |
|
Exercise 27-3 Cleaning and Sanitizing an Ice Machine |
|
|
283 | (4) |
|
Exercise 27-4 Commercial Ice Cube Machines |
|
|
287 | (4) |
|
Unit 28 Special Refrigeration Applications |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
Unit 29 Troubleshooting and Typical Operating Conditions for Commercial Refrigeration |
|
|
293 | (8) |
|
Exercise 29-1 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
Exercise 29-2 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
Exercise 29-3 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
299 | (2) |
|
|
|
301 | (26) |
|
Exercise 30-1 Electric Furnace Familiarization |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-2 Determining Airflow (CFM) by Using the Air Temperature Rise |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-3 Setting the Heat Anticipator for an Electric Furnace |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-4 Low Voltage Control Circuits Used in Electric Heat |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-5 Checking a Package Sequencer |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-6 Checking Electric Heating Elements Using an Ammeter |
|
|
313 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-7 Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace |
|
|
315 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-8 Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace |
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-9 Troubleshooting Exercise: Electric Furnace |
|
|
319 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-10 Changing a Sequencer |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-11 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
Exercise 30-12 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
|
|
327 | (46) |
|
Exercise 31-1 Gas Furnace Familiarization |
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-2 Identification of the Pilot Safety Feature of a Gas Furnace |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-3 Gas Valve, Blower Fan Motor, Blower, and Draft Analysis |
|
|
335 | (4) |
|
Exercise 31-4 Wiring for a Gas Furnace |
|
|
339 | (4) |
|
Exercise 31-5 Maintenance of Gas Burners |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-6 Checking a Gas Furnace for Correct Venting |
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-7 Combustion Analysis of a Gas Furnace |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-8 Determining Airflow (CFM) Using the Air Temperature Rise Method |
|
|
349 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-9 Main Burner, Ignition System, Flame Sensing System, Fan and Limit Control, Transformer, and Thermostat Analysis |
|
|
351 | (4) |
|
Exercise 31-10 Troubleshooting Exercise: Gas Furnace with Spark Ignition |
|
|
355 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-11 Changing a Gas Valve on a Gas Furnace |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-12 Changing a Fan Motor on a Gas Furnace |
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-13 Testing Ignition Controls and Measuring Flame Rectification Signals |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Exercise 31:14 Testing Furnace Safety Controls |
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
Exercise 31-15 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Exercise 31-16 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
|
373 | (26) |
|
Exercise 32-1 Familiarization with Oil Furnace Components |
|
|
377 | (4) |
|
Exercise 32-2 Oil Burner Maintenance |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-3 Electronic Controls for Oil Burners |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-4 Checking the Fan and Limit Control |
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-5 Adjusting an Oil Burner Pump Pressure |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-6 Combustion Analysis of an Oil Burner |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-7 Troubleshooting Exercise: Oil Furnace |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-8 Troubleshooting Exercise: Oil Furnace |
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-9 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
Exercise 32-10 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
|
399 | (14) |
|
Exercise 33-1 Filling a Hot Water Heating System |
|
|
403 | (4) |
|
Exercise 33-2 Determining Expansion Tank Pressure |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Exercise 33-3 Near Boiler Piping Component Identification |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Exercise 33-4 System Configuration Identification |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Unit 34 Indoor Air Quality |
|
|
413 | (8) |
|
Exercise 34-1 Humidification |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Exercise 34-2 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Exercise 34-3 Electronic Air Cleaners |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Unit 35 Comfort and Psychrometrics |
|
|
421 | (14) |
|
Exercise 35-1 Comfort Conditions |
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
Exercise 35-2 Heat Recovery Ventilators (HRVs) and Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) |
|
|
425 | (4) |
|
Exercise 35-3 Plotting an Air Conditioning Process on a Psychrometric Chart (Part 1-of a 2 Part Exercise) |
|
|
429 | (4) |
|
Exercise 35-4 Calculating Total Heat, Sensible Heat and Latent Heat (Part 2-of a 2 Part Exercise) |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
Unit 36 Refrigeration Applied to Air Conditioning |
|
|
435 | (6) |
|
Exercise 36-1 Air Conditioner Component Familiarization |
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Unit 37 Air Distribution and Balance |
|
|
441 | (12) |
|
Exercise 37-1 Using Duct Charts to Evaluate Duct Systems |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
Exercise 37-2 Airflow Measurements |
|
|
445 | (4) |
|
Exercise 37-3 Measuring the Amperage of Furnace or Air Handler Blower Motors |
|
|
449 | (4) |
|
|
|
453 | (18) |
|
Exercise 38-1 Evaluating an Air Conditioning Installation |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Exercise 38-2 Using the Halide Leak Detector |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Exercise 38-3 Using Electronic Leak Detectors |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
Exercise 38-4 Start Up and Checkout of an Air Conditioning System |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
Exercise 38-5 Power Circuit Wiring |
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
Exercise 38-6 Low Voltage Control Circuit Wiring |
|
|
467 | (4) |
|
Unit 39 Residential Energy Audit |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
Unit 40 Typical Operating Conditions |
|
|
473 | (8) |
|
Exercise 40-1 Evaporator Operating Conditions |
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
Exercise 40-2 Condenser Operating Conditions |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
|
|
481 | (24) |
|
Exercise 41-1 Manufacturer's Charging Procedure |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-2 Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (Fixed Bore Metering Device) |
|
|
485 | (4) |
|
Exercise 41-3 Charging a System in the Field Using Typical Conditions (Thermostatic Expansion Valve) |
|
|
489 | (4) |
|
Exercise 41-4 Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air Conditioning with Fixed Bore Metering Device |
|
|
493 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-5 Troubleshooting Exercise: Central Air Conditioning with Fixed Bore Metering Device |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-6 Changing a Hermetic Compressor |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-7 Changing an Evaporator in an Air Conditioning System |
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-8 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
Exercise 41-9 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
Unit 42 Heat Gains and Heat Losses in Structures |
|
|
505 | (12) |
|
Exercise 42-1 Gross Wall Area and Net Wall Area Calculations |
|
|
507 | (4) |
|
Exercise 42-2 Determining the Heat Transfer Rate through a Wall |
|
|
511 | (4) |
|
Exercise 42-3 Heat Loss Exercise |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
Unit 43 Air Source Heat Pumps |
|
|
517 | (30) |
|
Exercise 43-1 Familiarization with Air to Air Heat Pump Components |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-2 Using Manufacturer's Information to Check Heat Pump Performance |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-3 Heat Pump Performance Check in Cooling Mode |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-4 Checking the Control Circuit in the Emergency and Auxiliary Heat Modes |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-5 Checking the Four Way Valve During the Heating and Cooling Cycles |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-6 Checking Low Voltage Field Control Circuits at the Individual Components |
|
|
531 | (4) |
|
Exercise 43-7 Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-8 Troubleshooting Exercise: Heat Pump |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-9 Changing a Four Way Valve on a Heat Pump |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-10 Wiring a Split System Heat Pump, Low Voltage Control Wiring |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-11 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
Exercise 43-12 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
Unit 44 Geothermal Heat Pumps |
|
|
547 | (10) |
|
Exercise 44-1 Familiarization with Geothermal Heat Pumps |
|
|
549 | (4) |
|
Exercise 44-2 Checking the Water Flow, Geothermal Heat Pumps |
|
|
553 | (4) |
|
Unit 45 Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers |
|
|
557 | (44) |
|
Exercise 45-1 Domestic Refrigerator Familiarization |
|
|
561 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-2 Domestic Freezer Familiarization |
|
|
565 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-3 Refrigerator Temperature Conditions During Pulldown |
|
|
569 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-4 Charging a Refrigerator Using the Frost Line Method |
|
|
573 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-5 Charging a Freezer by the Frost Line Method |
|
|
577 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-6 Charging a Freezer Using a Measured Charge |
|
|
579 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-7 Pressure and Temperature Readings While Refrigerated Box Is Pulling Down in Temperature |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-8 Testing a Compressor Electrically |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-9 Freezer Gasket Examination |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-10 Troubleshooting Exercise: Refrigerator |
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-11 Removing the Moisture from a Refrigerator After an Evaporator Leak |
|
|
591 | (4) |
|
Exercise 45-12 Changing a Compressor on a Refrigerator |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-13 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
Exercise 45-14 Situational Service Ticket |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Unit 46 Room Air Conditioners |
|
|
601 | (18) |
|
Exercise 46-1 Window Air Conditioner Familiarization |
|
|
603 | (4) |
|
Exercise 46-2 Checking the Charge Without Gauges |
|
|
607 | (4) |
|
Exercise 46-3 Charging a Window Unit by the Sweat Line Method |
|
|
611 | (4) |
|
Exercise 46-4 Charging a Unit Using Scales or a Charging Cylinder |
|
|
615 | (4) |
|
Unit 47 High Pressure, Low Pressure, and Absorption Chilled Water Systems |
|
|
619 | (10) |
|
Exercise 47-1 Chilled Water System Familiarization |
|
|
623 | (4) |
|
Exercise 47-2 Chiller Barrel Approach Temperature |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
Unit 48 Cooling Towers and Pumps |
|
|
629 | (10) |
|
Exercise 48-1 Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Familiarization |
|
|
631 | (4) |
|
Exercise 48-2 Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Evaluation |
|
|
635 | (4) |
|
Unit 49 Operation, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting of Chilled Water Air Conditioning Systems |
|
|
639 | (6) |
|
Exercise 49-1 Using a Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop Chart |
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
Exercise 49-2 Using a Megger (Megohmmeter) |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
Unit 50 Commercial, Packaged Rooftop, Variable Refrigerant Flow, and Variable Air Volume Systems |
|
|
645 | |
|
Exercise 50-1 Packaged Air Conditioner Familiarization |
|
|
647 | (4) |
|
Exercise 50-2 Hand Signals for Communicating with a Crane Operator |
|
|
651 | (4) |
|
Exercise 50-3 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Box Familiarization |
|
|
655 | |
