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Canada Rocks: The Geologic Journey [Minkštas viršelis]

4.20/5 (50 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 512 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 278x218x31 mm, weight: 1855 g, Graphs; Charts; Maps; Illustrations, color; Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2007
  • Leidėjas: Fitzhenry & Whiteside
  • ISBN-10: 1550418602
  • ISBN-13: 9781550418606
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 512 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 278x218x31 mm, weight: 1855 g, Graphs; Charts; Maps; Illustrations, color; Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2007
  • Leidėjas: Fitzhenry & Whiteside
  • ISBN-10: 1550418602
  • ISBN-13: 9781550418606

For anyone curious about the geological history of our country, Canada Rocks is a marvelous portrait of what the authors describe as the incredible 4 billion year 'construction project' that gave shape to the continents, mountains, and oceans of planet Earth, and created the world's second largest country - Canada.

Profusely illustrated throughout with full colour and black and white photographs, charts, maps, graphs and sketches, the book explores the country from north to south, and from east to west, exploring that incredible history through modern day sites and land shapes created in our distant past.

Read about:

  • Rocks in Point Pleasant Park in Halifax were once part of Morocco, left behind when the Atlantic Ocean came into being.

  • Canada's Arctic regions were formerly part of what today is Siberia. Greenland was once a part of Labrador.

  • Fossils in a road cut in Cache Creek, British Columbia once lived in a sea that covered China.

  • The violent collisions of continents and other land masses, the growth and decay of enormous mountain ranges, the impact of meteorites, and the comings and goings of vast ice sheets are explored in fascinating detail, as is the creation of our rocky resources from coal to diamonds.

An essential reference for students and anyone fascinated with the geological forces that created our country, the book includes a great many sites that can be visited for close-up study, making it an invaluable field guide for exploring our history and the world around us.


Introduction 1(4)
About the Authors 5(1)
A Hellish Beginning
6(16)
The Hadean
9(5)
The start of something really big 14 billion years ago
9(1)
From dust to a planet
9(5)
The Earliest Continents: A Watery Birth
14(4)
The Birth of the Archean: A Unique Canadian Record
18(1)
Early Life on Earth
18(4)
Moving Earth: Plate Tectonics
22(38)
Looking Deep into Planet Earth
24(3)
Crust, mantle and core
24(3)
The Earth stirs and our crust moves
27(1)
The Formation and Destruction of Lithospheric Plates
27(19)
Where plates move away from each other: making oceanic crust
30(5)
Where plates collide: the subduction factory
35(1)
Where plates slide past each other: transform boundaries
36(1)
Plate collisions and the building of continents
36(10)
Volcanic Activity and Plate Tectonics
46(4)
Volcanoes at the edges of plates
46(2)
Volcanoes in the middle of plates: hot spots
48(1)
Under heat and pressure: metamorphic rocks
49(1)
Plate Tectonics: Is It the Only Model of How Earth Works?
50(3)
LIPs and MOMO events
51(1)
MOMO events and the history of life
52(1)
Dynamic topography
52(1)
Rock stars: the impact of meteorites
52(1)
Paleomagnetism and Moving Plates
53(3)
The Rock Cycle and Sedimentary Basins
56(1)
A Final Comment on Plate Tectonics
57(3)
The United Plates of Canada: 4 Billion Years of Tectonic Activity
60(18)
Construction and Break-Up: How Continents Evolve
64(1)
The Earliest Continents
65(1)
From Arctic a to Nena to Rodinia
66(1)
The Beginning of the Paleozoic: The Explosion of Rodinia
66(3)
The Assembly of Pangea
69(2)
The Break-Up of Pangea and the Westward Drift of North America
71(5)
The Last Few Million Years
76(2)
Canada's Heartland: The Shield
78(46)
A Crustal Collage Built By Plate Tectonics
81(6)
Provinces and cratons
81(6)
The North American Craton vs. the Canadian Shield
87(9)
History of the North American Craton: A Tale of Four Continents (Arctica, Nena, Columbia and Rodinia)
96(1)
The First North American Continent (c. 2.7 Ga): Arctica
96(10)
Formation of the Slave Province
97(2)
Formation of the Superior Province: the largest piece of the craton
99(1)
The Slave and Superior provinces weld together
99(3)
Glaciation in the Huronian
102(4)
The Younger North American Continents (c. 2.0 to 1.5 Ga): Nena and Columbia
106(5)
The Trans-Hudson, Thelon, Wopmay and Penokean orogenies
106(1)
The Trans-Hudson Orogeny in eastern Canada
107(1)
The Sudbury structure: a gigantic meteorite strike
108(3)
Nena on the rack: the Midcontinent Rift
111(1)
The Third North American Continent (c. 1.7 to 1 Ga): Part of Rodinia
111(6)
The Grenville Province in central Canada
112(2)
The Grenville Province in Eastern Canada
114(1)
Granites and moon rocks of the Grenville Orogen
114(3)
The End of Rodinia (1 Ga to 600 Ma): Laurentia Breaks Free
117(2)
Disappearing mountains and the formation of the Canadian Shield
119(1)
Early Life in Canada
119(5)
Eozoon canadense
120(1)
Prokaryotes: the earliest bacteria
121(1)
The Eukaryotes: building blocks of animals and plants
121(1)
Life diversifies: the Cambrian explosion
121(3)
Giant Seas Cover the Shield: The Interior Platform
124(38)
The Big Picture
126(1)
The platform
126(1)
The sedimentary cover
126(1)
The idea of ``sequences''
126(1)
Sequences in Canada
127(1)
Earth Processes That Formed the Sequences
127(8)
The puzzles of epeirogeny and eustasy
127(5)
Some events that plate tectonics cannot explain
132(1)
Dynamic topography
132(1)
Three surface processes driven by mantle heat
133(1)
How the three processes explain the geology of Canada's interior platform
134(1)
The Geography of Giant Seas
135(8)
Thinking about the Bahamas
135(1)
Along the margins of the craton
135(4)
The middle of the craton
139(3)
Something different at Niagara
142(1)
Devonian Rocks
143(3)
Reefs and oil
143(2)
Other Devonian rocks
145(1)
Pangea Interval
146(2)
Orogeny and Transgression in the Cretaceous
148(6)
Unrest in the west
148(3)
The highest seas of all time
151(1)
The seas depart
151(3)
Marking Time: Global Standard Sections and Points
154(8)
Building Eastern Canada
162(64)
Plate Tectonics Began Here
164(5)
The puzzle of the trilobites
164(3)
The modern era begins
167(2)
Rodinia Breaks Up and the Iapetus Ocean is Born
169(2)
The Taconic Orogeny and the Closure of Iapetus
171(9)
Animal life on the margins of Iapetus
174(5)
The first rumblings of Iapetus closure
179(1)
A Glimpse of an Ancient Sea Floor and the Mantle Below
180(14)
Seeing the Moho
182(5)
Pillows and smokers
187(7)
The Plate Collision Continues
194(3)
The end of the Taconic
195(2)
Exotic Fragments Arrive from Europe and Africa
197(13)
The quest for Avalon: looking in Africa
202(4)
Avalon arrives: the Acadian Orogeny
206(3)
Meguma moves in
209(1)
The Final Assembly of Pangea
210(6)
Alleghenian squeezing
210(2)
The Maritime Rift
212(1)
In the end lies the beginning
213(3)
Pangea Breaks Up and the Atlantic Ocean is Born
216(10)
Foundering in Fundy
216(4)
Hibernia's reservoirs take shape
220(6)
Building Arctic Canada
226(36)
Exploring by Sea and By Air
228(3)
Tectonic Setting
231(4)
The Canadian Shield
231(1)
The Arctic platform
232(1)
The Franklinian basin
232(1)
Sverdrup basin
233(2)
Arctic coastal plain
235(1)
Early Paleozoic Evolution of the Franklinian Basin and Pearya
235(7)
Tectonism and Sedimentation in the Siluro-Devonian: The End of the Franklinian Basin
242(7)
The Sverdrup Basin 1: Upper Paleozoic
249(2)
The Sverdrup Basin 2: The Mesozoic
251(5)
The Final Phase: Greenland's Brief Life as a Separate Plate
256(5)
The Island Topography Evolves
261(1)
Building Western Canada
262(54)
The Big Picture
265(1)
Horses, helicopters and terranes
265(1)
Small Bugs But Big Clues: Signposts to Western Canada's Origins
266(4)
Wrangellia: a far travelled terrane
266(1)
The Cordillera as collage of terranes
267(3)
Pangea Breaks Up and Western North America Scoops Up Terranes
270(1)
Anatomy and Growth of the Canadian Cordillera
271(10)
Foreland Belt and Omineca Belt
272(4)
Intermontane Belt
276(5)
The Insular Belt and Coast Belt
281(10)
Arriving today . . . the Yakutat terrane
289(2)
The Importance of Strike-Slip Faulting
291(3)
Volcanoes in Western Canada: Legacy of an Active Plate Margin
294(6)
The Rocky Mountains
300(7)
Up and down; but also sideways; the key to the Rocky Mountains
300(2)
Mountains and Prairie are inextricably linked
302(3)
The development of the fold-thrust belt
305(2)
The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
307(6)
Patterns of sedimentation
310(1)
Cycles of sedimentation
310(2)
The sculpting of the modern Foothills and Prairies
312(1)
The Rockies and the Basin ``North of 60''
313(3)
The Beaufort-Mackenzie Basin
314(2)
Cool Times: The Ice Sheets Arrive
316(56)
Frozen History: Canada's Glacial Heritage
318(6)
What exactly is a glacier?
320(4)
Erratics: wandering boulders
324(1)
Continental Ice Sheets: The Discovery of Ice Ages
324(5)
Louis Agassiz's ``great plough''
324(2)
John William Dawson and icebergs
326(1)
Joseph B. Tyrrell and the great Canadian ice sheet
327(2)
Countdown to Cold
329(11)
Plate tectonics and the start of global cooling after 55 Ma
329(4)
The deep freeze comes to Canada (c. 3 Ma)
333(5)
The deep sea record of climate: astronomical controls on ice ages
338(2)
Timesl(Ice)s of the Last (Laurentide) Ice Sheet
340(20)
The ice sheet start to grow (110 ka)
341(4)
The ice sheet reaches its maximum size (20 ka)
345(8)
The ice sheet melts: the Holocene begins (10 ka)
353(6)
The answer to the climate puzzle may lie in space
359(1)
The future?
360(1)
Glacial Landforms and Landscapes in Canada
360(12)
Canadian Shield
363(2)
The plains of western and central Canada
365(2)
The Cordillera
367(2)
The offshore record
369(3)
Rocky Resources: Mining in Canada
372(54)
About 11,000 Years Ago: Canada's First Mines
374(1)
1000 Ce, The Europeans Arrive
374(6)
Mid 1800s: The Birth of the Modern Mining Industry
380(5)
Going Underground: The First Hard Rock Mines
383(2)
Late 1800s: Railways and Mining
385(6)
Sudbury copper and nickel
385(1)
Cobalt silver
386(5)
Gold in Western Canada
391(8)
Placer gold
391(3)
The 1858 gold rush and the Province of British Columbia
394(1)
The 1896 gold rush in the Yukon Territory
395(4)
Iron
399(4)
Iron Formations
399(2)
Labrador: the iron centre of Canada
401(2)
Bell Island, Newfoundland: mining ironstone under the sea
403(1)
Nickel
403(1)
Voisey's Bay, Labrador
403(1)
Diamonds: Facets of a New Industry
404(5)
North America's first diamond (1843)
404(3)
Recent discoveries
407(2)
Mining Ancient Ocean Floors: The Importance of Hydrothermal Alteration
409(8)
Volcanogenic massive sulphides of the Archean
412(1)
VMS deposits of the Ordovician Iapetus Ocean
413(4)
Cretaceous VMS deposits of British Columbia
417(1)
Hydrothermal lode gold
417(1)
Water under the volcano: porphyry deposits
417(1)
Skarn Deposits
417(1)
Deep Weathering and Mineral Deposits in Canada
417(1)
Uranium
418(1)
Oil and Gas
419(4)
The international oil industry begins (1858)
419(2)
Mining for oil: Canada's Tar Sands industry
421(1)
Natural gas
422(1)
Gas hydrates: energy from ice
423(1)
Coal
423(1)
Coalbed methane
423(1)
Potash and Salt
424(1)
Building with Rock
424(1)
The Future
425(1)
Challenges for the Future
426(40)
From Geology to Geoscience
428(1)
Water Resources and Their Protection
428(17)
Urban development and water
429(5)
Cleaning up our mess
434(3)
Case histories
437(8)
The Tectonic Threat: Earthquakes
445(6)
Seismic zones in Canada
446(5)
Unstable Slopes
451(4)
Case histories
452(3)
Climate Change
455(9)
The climate-change debate
455(5)
Living with changing climate: permafrost in Canada's far north
460(1)
Canada's Arctic challenge
461(1)
Ice shelf disintegration on Ellesmere Island: signs of a climatic crisis?
462(2)
Geology and Our Health
464(2)
Geology and the Building of a Canadian Identity
466(9)
Geology Gains Momentum
470(5)
Glossary 475(18)
Source of Illustrations 493(2)
References 495(8)
Index 503