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El. knyga: Catastrophic Events Caused by Cosmic Objects

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Oct-2007
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781402064524
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Oct-2007
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781402064524
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Many times all of us could hear from mass media that an asteroid approached and swept past the Earth. Such an asteroid or comet will inevitably strike the planet some day. This volume considers hazards due to collisions with cosmic objects, particularly in light of recent investigations of impacts by the authors. Each chapter written by an expert contains an overview of an aspect and new findings in the field. The main hazardous effects cratering, shock, aerial and seismic waves, fires, ejection of dust and soot, tsunami are described and numerically estimated. Numerical simulations of impacts and impact consequences have received much attention in the book. Fairly small impacting objects 50 -100 m in diameter pose a real threat to humanity and their influence on the atmosphere and ionosphere is emphasized. Especially vulnerable are industrially developed areas with dense population, almost all Europe is one of them. Special chapters are devoted to the famous 1908 Tunguska event and new results of its simulations, bolides in the atmosphere and impacts on the early Earth.
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
List of Contributors xi
1. Main Factors of Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids
1
Ivan Nemchinov, Valery Shuvalov and Vladimir Svetsov
2. Size-Frequency Distribution of Asteroids and Impact Craters: Estimates of Impact Rate
91
Boris Ivanov
3. Cometary Hazards
117
Marina Kuzmitcheva and Boris Ivanov
4. Bolides in the Earth Atmosphere
131
Olga Popova and Ivan Nemchinov
5. Geologic Effects of Large Terrestrial Impact Crater Formation
163
Boris Ivanov
6. Thermal Radiation and Fires after Impacts of Cosmic Objects
207
Vladimir Svetsov
7. Tunguska Catastrophe of 30 June 1908
227
Vladimir Svetsov and Valery Shuvalov
8. High-Velocity Impact Ejecta: Tektites and Martian Meteorites
267
Natalia Artemieva
9. Marine Target Impacts
291
Valery Shuvalov, Mew Trubetskaya and Natalia Artemieva
10. Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Effect 313
Ivan Nemchinov, Valery Shuvalov, Aleksey Kovalev, Igor Kosarev and Yulius Zetzer
11. Impacts and Evolution of Early Earth 333
Galina Pechernikova and Andrei Vityazev
Index 351