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xi | |
Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
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Chapter 0 The "E" Words: A Concise Guide to Thermodynamics |
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1 | (16) |
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0.1 Work, Heat, and Energy |
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1 | (1) |
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0.2 First Law of Thermodynamics |
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2 | (4) |
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0.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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6 | (2) |
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0.4 The Second Law and Statistical Thermodynamics |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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0.9 Generalized Equations of Thermodynamics |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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Chapter 1 Foundations of Membrane Structure |
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17 | (34) |
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1.1 Membranes Define Cell Anatomy |
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17 | (4) |
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1.2 Plasma Membranes Are Composed of Surface-Active Lipids |
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21 | (10) |
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1.3 Lipid Bilayers Are the Fabric of Cell Membranes |
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31 | (11) |
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1.4 Proteins Penetrate the Membrane Bilayer and Are Mobile in the Membrane Plane |
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42 | (9) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (46) |
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2.1 Biological Membrane Lipids Spontaneously Form Bilayers |
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52 | (16) |
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2.2 Diffraction Methods Give Key Insights for Understanding Bilayer Structure and Membranes |
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68 | (11) |
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2.3 Macroscopic Descriptions of Bilayers Define Fundamental Properties of Biological Membranes |
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79 | (7) |
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2.4 Lipid Interactions Shape Membrane Properties |
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86 | (11) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Interactions of Peptides with Lipid Bilayers |
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97 | (40) |
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3.1 Gibbs Partitioning Energies Provide a Foundation for Describing Lipid-Protein Interactions |
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98 | (6) |
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3.2 Lipid Bilayers Have Distinct Properties Compared with Bulk Organic Phases |
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104 | (8) |
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3.3 Charged Peptides Interact Strongly, and Predictably, with Charged Interfaces |
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112 | (7) |
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3.4 Membrane-active Peptides Provide Clues to Secondary Structure Formation at Membrane Interfaces |
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119 | (18) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Membrane Protein Folding and Stability |
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137 | (24) |
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4.1 Interactions between α-Helices Are Central to 3D Structure Formation |
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138 | (6) |
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4.2 α-Helical Membrane Proteins Can Be Destabilized Using Heat, Detergents, and Denaturants |
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144 | (7) |
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4.3 β-Barrel Membrane Proteins Can Be Reversibly Unfolded Using Denaturants |
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151 | (3) |
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4.4 Lipid Bilayers and Membrane Proteins Adapt to Each Other |
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154 | (7) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Protein Trafficking in Cells |
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161 | (34) |
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5.1 Translocases Mediate the Transport of Proteins across the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane |
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162 | (12) |
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5.2 Bacteria Have Many Systems for Exporting Proteins |
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174 | (7) |
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5.3 Proteins Are Imported into Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes |
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181 | (5) |
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5.4 Proteins Are Transported in and out of the Nucleus through the Nuclear Pore Complex |
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186 | (9) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Biosynthesis and Assembly of Membrane Proteins |
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195 | (40) |
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6.1 Cellular Mechanisms of Membrane Protein Assembly |
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196 | (14) |
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6.2 Energetics of Membrane Protein Assembly |
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210 | (8) |
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6.3 Membrane Protein Topology |
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218 | (17) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 How Proteins Shape Membranes |
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235 | (30) |
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7.1 The Cytoskeleton Provides a Framework for Cell Shape and Vesicle Transport |
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236 | (7) |
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7.2 Many Different Proteins Act Together to Create Vesicular Compartments in Cells |
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243 | (8) |
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7.3 Surface-Binding Proteins Modulate Membrane Curvature and Cause Vesicle Scission |
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251 | (14) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Membrane Protein Bioinformatics |
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265 | (26) |
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8.1 Evolution of Protein Amino Acid Sequences Provides a Basis for Bioinformatics |
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266 | (7) |
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8.2 Prediction Methods Allow Identification of Functional and Structural Features of Membrane Proteins |
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273 | (18) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Primer on Biomolecular Structure Determination |
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291 | (30) |
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9.1 Microscopy and Crystallography Depend upon Diffraction and Fourier Transformation |
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292 | (6) |
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9.2 Electron Microscopy Is a Versatile Tool for Molecular Structure Determination |
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298 | (2) |
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9.3 X-Ray Crystallography Is the Mainstay of Structural Biology |
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300 | (7) |
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9.4 What Is the "Phase Problem," and How Do We Conquer It? |
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307 | (4) |
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9.5 Crystallographic Models of Proteins Are Derived from Electron Density Maps |
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311 | (2) |
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9.6 Electron Crystallography Is Useful for Diffraction from Small Crystals |
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313 | (8) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Small-Molecule Channels |
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321 | (34) |
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10.1 Water Can Cross Membranes Either by Diffusion through the Lipid Bilayer or through Channels |
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322 | (3) |
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10.2 Water and Other Small Molecules Move across Membranes Using Channels: Aquaporins and Aquaglyceroporins |
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325 | (4) |
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10.3 Aquaporin Structure Reveals Structure-Function Relationships |
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329 | (3) |
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10.4 Gating and Control of Aquaporin Function |
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332 | (4) |
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10.5 Ammonia Channels Have Many Roles across Phyla but Similar Structures |
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336 | (3) |
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10.6 Specialized Mechanosensitive Channels Relieve Osmotic Stress |
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339 | (12) |
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10.7 P-Barrels in Outer Membranes Reveal Diverse Strategies for Solute Permeation |
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351 | (4) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (2) |
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355 | (44) |
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11.1 Ionic Currents across Membranes Underlie Nerve Action Potentials |
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358 | (14) |
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11.2 Potassium Channels Are Highly Selective and Permit Diffusion-Limited Ion Transport |
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372 | (7) |
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11.3 Ligands Can Control the Opening and Closing of Channels |
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379 | (7) |
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11.4 Changes In Transmembrane Voltage Can Gate Channels Rapidly by Changing Charge Exposure across the Membrane Barrier |
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386 | (5) |
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11.5 Voltage-Gated Na Channel Mechanism and Hydrated-Ion Selection |
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391 | (2) |
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11.6 A Voltage-Gated Porin in the Outer Membrane of Mitochondria Controls Exchange of Metabolites with the Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (4) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Primary Transporters: Transport against Electrical and Chemical Gradients |
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399 | (26) |
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400 | (8) |
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12.2 The Transport Principles of ABC Transporters Differ from Those of the P-Type ATPases |
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408 | (12) |
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12.3 Energy-Coupling Factor Transporters Couple ATP Hydrolysis to "Toppling" of the Substrate-Binding Subunit |
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420 | (5) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Secondary Transport |
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425 | (36) |
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13.1 Requirements for Secondary Transporters |
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430 | (3) |
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13.2 Rocker-Switch Transporters: Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) Symporters |
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433 | (5) |
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13.3 Rocking-Bundle Transporters: Neurotransmitter Sodium Symporters |
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438 | (10) |
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13.4 Elevator-Like Transporters: Structural Studies of a Glutamate Transporter, Gltph, Reveal Similar Principles |
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448 | (4) |
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13.5 The ADP/ATP Transporter from Mitochondria |
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452 | (3) |
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13.6 Uniporters (aka Facilitators) Facilitate Transport without Chemical Gradients |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (4) |
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457 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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458 | (1) |
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458 | (3) |
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461 | (30) |
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14.1 The Chemiosmotic Theory Is the Foundation of Bioenergetics |
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462 | (7) |
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14.2 Electrons Move along a Chain of Protein Complexes |
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469 | (6) |
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14.3 ATP Synthase Produces ATP Using the Proton Gradient |
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475 | (6) |
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14.4 Photosynthesis Harvests Light to Produce Oxygen |
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481 | (10) |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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Chapter 15 Information Transfer: Signaling in Cells |
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491 | (40) |
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15.1 Bacteria Sense Their Environment by Two-Component Signaling Systems |
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491 | (9) |
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15.2 Eukaryotic Cells Coordinate Their Interactions Using Receptor Tyrosine Kinases |
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500 | (8) |
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15.3 G Protein Receptors Transmit Signals across the Plasma Membrane in Response to Hormones and Other Compounds |
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508 | (14) |
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15.4 Cadherins and Integrins Mediate Mechanical Interactions with Neighboring Cells and the Extracellular Matrix |
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522 | (9) |
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528 | (1) |
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528 | (1) |
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (1) |
Electrostatics Appendix |
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531 | (6) |
Index |
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537 | |