Preface |
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xi | |
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1 | (12) |
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1.1 Why Study Biophysics? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Neurons are Brain Cells |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.4 Dynamical Systems Modeling |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Benefits and Limitations of Mathematical Models |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6 Minimal Models and Graphical Methods |
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7 | (1) |
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1.7 Biophysics and Dynamics Together |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (4) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Part I Models and Ordinary Differential Equations |
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13 | (100) |
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15 | (27) |
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2.1 Physical Dimensions and Material Balance |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 A Model of Intracellular Calcium Concentration |
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16 | (1) |
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2.3 The Initial Value Problem and its Solution |
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17 | (2) |
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2.4 Checking the Solution |
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19 | (1) |
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2.5 Interpreting the Solution |
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19 | (3) |
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2.6 Calcium Dynamics and Disease |
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22 | (2) |
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2.7 Appendix: Solving dc/dt = j -- kc with c(0) = C0 |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (17) |
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27 | (6) |
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33 | (6) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (17) |
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3.1 Phase Diagram for a Single Compartment Model |
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42 | (2) |
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3.2 Stable and Unstable Steady States |
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44 | (1) |
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3.3 Phase Diagram of a Nonlinear ODE |
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45 | (2) |
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3.4 Classifying Steady States |
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47 | (2) |
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3.5 Stability Analysis Requiring Higher Derivatives |
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49 | (1) |
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3.6 Scalar ODEs with Multiple Stable Steady States |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (8) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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4 Ligands, Receptors and Rate Laws |
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59 | (22) |
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59 | (1) |
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4.2 Reaction Order and Physical Dimensions of Rate Constants |
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60 | (1) |
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4.3 Isomerization -- ODEs and a Conserved Quantity |
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61 | (2) |
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4.4 Isomerization -- Phase Diagram and Solutions |
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63 | (2) |
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4.5 Bimolecular Association of Ligand and Receptor |
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65 | (4) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.7 Sigmoidal Binding Curves |
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70 | (2) |
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4.8 Binding Curves and Hill Functions |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (7) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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5 Function Families and Characteristic Times |
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81 | (17) |
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5.1 Functions and Relations |
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81 | (1) |
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5.2 Scaling and Shifting of Functions |
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82 | (2) |
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5.3 Qualitative Analysis of Functions |
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84 | (4) |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (8) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (2) |
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6 Bifurcation Diagrams of Scalar ODEs |
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98 | (15) |
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6.1 A Single-Parameter Family of ODEs |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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6.3 Transcritical Bifurcation |
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101 | (1) |
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6.4 Pitchfork Bifurcations |
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102 | (3) |
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6.5 Bifurcation Types and Symmetry |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (5) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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Part II Passive Membranes |
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113 | (56) |
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7 The Nernst Equilibrium Potential |
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115 | (17) |
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7.1 Cellular Compartments and Electrical Potentials |
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115 | (1) |
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7.2 Nernst Equilibrium Potential |
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116 | (3) |
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7.3 Derivation of the Nernst Equation |
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119 | (2) |
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7.4 Calculating Nernst Equilibrium Potentials |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (8) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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8 The Current Balance Equation |
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132 | (22) |
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132 | (1) |
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8.2 Ionic Fluxes and Currents |
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132 | (1) |
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8.3 Ionic Currents and Voltage |
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133 | (1) |
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8.4 Applied Currents and Voltage |
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134 | (1) |
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8.5 The Current Balance Equation |
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135 | (2) |
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8.6 Constitutive Relation for Ionic Membrane Current |
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137 | (2) |
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8.7 The Phase Diagram for Voltage of Passive Membranes |
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139 | (1) |
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8.8 Exponential Time Constant for Membrane Voltage |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (11) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (1) |
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9 GHK Theory of Membrane Permeation |
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154 | (15) |
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9.1 Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Theory -- Assumptions |
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154 | (1) |
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9.2 Physical Dimensions of the GHK Current Equation |
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155 | (1) |
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9.3 The Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Current Equation |
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156 | (1) |
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9.4 Limiting Conductances Implied by GHK Theory |
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157 | (2) |
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9.5 Derivation of the GHK Current Equation |
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159 | (2) |
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9.6 Further Reading and Discussion |
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161 | (8) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (3) |
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168 | (1) |
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Part III Voltage-Gated Currents |
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169 | (64) |
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10 Voltage-Gated Ionic Currents |
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171 | (14) |
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10.1 Voltage-Dependent Gating and Permeation Block |
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171 | (2) |
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10.2 The L-Type Calcium Current ICav |
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173 | (3) |
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10.3 The Inward Rectifying Potassium Current IKir |
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176 | (1) |
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10.4 The Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Jsag |
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177 | (1) |
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10.5 The Depolarization-Activated Potassium Current IKv |
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177 | (2) |
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10.6 Qualitative Features of Current-Voltage Relations |
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179 | (1) |
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10.7 Further Reading and Discussion |
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180 | (5) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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11 Regenerative Ionic Currents and Bistability |
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185 | (14) |
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11.1 Regenerative Currents and Membrane Bistability |
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185 | (3) |
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11.2 Response of a Bistable Membrane to Applied Current Pulses |
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188 | (1) |
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11.3 Membrane Currents and Fold Bifurcations |
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188 | (2) |
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11.4 Bifurcation Diagram for the Bistable ICav + IL Membrane |
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190 | (1) |
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11.5 Overlaying Trajectories on the Bifurcation Diagram |
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191 | (1) |
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11.6 Bistable Membrane Voltage Mediated by IKir |
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191 | (2) |
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11.7 Further Reading and Discussion |
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193 | (6) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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12 Voltage-Clamp Recording |
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199 | (17) |
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12.1 Current-Clamp and Voltage-Clamp Recording |
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199 | (4) |
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12.2 Modeling Delayed Activation of Ionic Currents |
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203 | (3) |
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12.3 Voltage Clamp and Transient Ionic Currents |
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206 | (3) |
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12.4 Modeling Transient Ionic Currents |
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209 | (2) |
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12.5 Further Reading and Discussion |
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211 | (5) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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13 Hodgkin-Huxley Model of the Action Potential |
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216 | (17) |
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13.1 The Squid Giant Axon |
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216 | (3) |
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13.2 The Hodgkin-Huxley Model |
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219 | (2) |
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13.3 Excitability in the Hodgkin-Huxley Model |
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221 | (3) |
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13.4 Repetitive Spiking (Oscillations) |
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224 | (1) |
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13.5 Further Reading and Discussion |
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225 | (8) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (3) |
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Part IV Excitability and Phase Planes |
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233 | (62) |
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14 The Morris-Lecar Model |
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235 | (17) |
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14.1 The Morris-Lecar Model |
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235 | (2) |
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14.2 The Reduced Morris-Lecar Model |
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237 | (2) |
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14.3 The Morris-Lecar Phase Plane |
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239 | (2) |
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14.4 Phase Plane Analysis of Membrane Excitability |
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241 | (3) |
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14.5 Phase Plane Analysis of Membrane Oscillations |
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244 | (4) |
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14.6 Further Reading and Discussion |
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248 | (4) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (23) |
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15.1 The Phase Plane for Two-Dimensional Autonomous ODEs |
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252 | (3) |
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15.2 Direction Fields of Two-Dimensional Autonomous ODEs |
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255 | (1) |
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15.3 Nullclines for Two-Dimensional Autonomous ODEs |
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256 | (2) |
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15.4 How to Sketch a Phase Plane |
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258 | (5) |
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15.5 Phase Planes and Steady States |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (10) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (2) |
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16 Linear Stability Analysis |
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275 | (20) |
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16.1 Solutions for Two-Dimensional Linear Systems |
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275 | (3) |
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16.2 Real and Distinct Eigenvalues -- Saddles and Nodes |
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278 | (3) |
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16.3 Complex Conjugate Eigenvalues -- Spirals |
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281 | (3) |
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16.4 Criterion for Stability |
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284 | (1) |
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16.5 Further Reading and Discussion |
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285 | (10) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (2) |
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Part V Oscillations and Bursting |
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295 | (73) |
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17 Type II Excitability and Oscillations (Hopf Bifurcation) |
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297 | (22) |
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17.1 Fitzhugh-Nagumo Model |
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297 | (3) |
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17.2 Phase Plane Analysis of Resting Steady State |
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300 | (3) |
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17.3 Loss of Stability with Increasing J (Depolarization) |
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303 | (1) |
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17.4 Analysis of Hopf Bifurcations |
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304 | (6) |
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17.5 Limit Cycle Fold Bifurcation |
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310 | (3) |
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17.6 Further Reading and Discussion |
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313 | (6) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (2) |
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18 Type I Excitability and Oscillations (SNIC and SHO Bifurcations) |
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319 | (19) |
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18.1 Saddle-Node on an Invariant Circle |
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319 | (4) |
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18.2 Saddle Homoclinic Bifurcation |
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323 | (1) |
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18.3 Square-Wave Bursting |
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324 | (4) |
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18.4 Calcium-Activated Potassium Currents as Slow Variable |
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328 | (3) |
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18.5 Further Reading and Discussion |
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331 | (7) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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19 The Low-Threshold Calcium Spike |
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338 | (15) |
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19.1 Post-Inhibitory Rebound Bursting |
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338 | (4) |
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19.2 Fast/Slow Analysis of Post-Inhibitory Rebound Bursting |
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342 | (1) |
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19.3 Rhythmic Bursting in Response to Hyperpolarization |
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343 | (1) |
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19.4 Fast/Slow Analysis of Rhythmic Bursting |
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344 | (2) |
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19.5 Minimal Model of the Low-Threshold Calcium Spike |
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346 | (3) |
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19.6 Further Reading and Discussion |
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349 | (4) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (15) |
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353 | (2) |
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20.2 Electrical Synapses and Synchrony |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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20.4 Phase Plane Analysis of Instantaneously Coupled Cells |
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357 | (5) |
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20.5 Reciprocally Coupled Excitatory Neurons |
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362 | (1) |
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20.6 Further Reading and Discussion |
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363 | (5) |
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365 | (2) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
Afterword |
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368 | (3) |
References |
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371 | (9) |
Index |
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