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Cengage Advantage Books: Cultural Anthropology: A Problem-Based Approach 7th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 232x188x16 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2016
  • Leidėjas: CENGAGE Learning Custom Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1305645790
  • ISBN-13: 9781305645790
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 400 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 232x188x16 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Feb-2016
  • Leidėjas: CENGAGE Learning Custom Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 1305645790
  • ISBN-13: 9781305645790
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
In a first-of-its kind problem-based format, CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY: A PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH, 7th Edition, presents a variety of questions focused on the most important issues anthropologists study. You'll think critically about today's world as you read engaging chapter openers, complete integrated exercises, and review unique case studies in Doing Anthropology at the end of each chapter. Within this brief text's engaging narrative, you'll learn how to analyze your own culture as a basis for understanding the cultures of others. Presentations are organized around problems rather than topics, creating a natural discussion of traditional concerns such as kinship, caste, gender roles, and religion. Meaningful questions integrated throughout further guide you in exploring these subjects.
Preface xii
About the Authors xviii
Chapter 1 Culture and Meaning 1(39)
Problem 1: How can people begin to understand beliefs and behaviors that are different from their own?
1(1)
Introduction: The World Behind Everyday Appearances
2(3)
Question 1.1: Why Do Human Beings Differ in Their Beliefs and Behaviors?
5(3)
Question 1.2: How Do People Judge the Beliefs and Behaviors of Others?
8(8)
The Ethnocentric Fallacy and the Relativist Fallacy
9(1)
Virginity Testing in Turkey and Cannibalism Among the Wan
10(4)
Objectivity and Morality
14(2)
Question 1.3: Is It Possible to See the World Through the Eyes of Others?
16(5)
The Embarrassed Anthropologist
17(1)
Confronting Witchcraft in Mexico
18(1)
The Endangered Anthropologist
19(2)
Question 1.4: How Can the Meanings That Others Find in Experience Be Interpreted and Described?
21(4)
Deciphering the Balinese Cockfight
23(2)
Question 1.5: What Can Learning About Other People Tell Americans About Themselves?
25(6)
A Balinese Anthropologist Studies Football
26(2)
An Anthropologist Looks at a "Happy Meal"
28(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #1: Shopping and Selling
31(5)
Conclusions
36(1)
References and Suggested Readings
37(3)
Chapter 2 The Meaning of Progress and Development 40(47)
Problem 2: How do we explain the transformation of human societies over the past 10,000 years from small-scale nomadic bands of hunters and gatherers to large-scale urban-industrial states?
40(1)
Introduction: The Death of a Way of Life
41(3)
Question 2.1: Why Did Hunter-Gatherer Societies Switch to Sedentary Agriculture?
44(9)
Life Among Hunter-Gatherers: The Hadza and the Ju/wasi
46(2)
The Transition to Agriculture
48(4)
Producing Potato Calories
52(1)
Question 2.2: Why Are Some Societies More Industrially Advanced Than Others?
53(7)
The British in India
56(1)
Cotton, Slavery, and the Cherokee Removal
57(3)
Question 2.3: Why Do Poor Countries Not Modernize and Develop in the Same Way as Wealthier Countries?
60(4)
Debt, SAPS, and Vultures
62(2)
Question 2.4: How Do Modern Standards of Health and Medical Treatment Compare with Those of Traditional Societies?
64(6)
Illness and Inequality
64(3)
The Meaning of Illness
67(3)
Question 2.5: Why Are Simpler Societies Disappearing?
70(6)
Cultural Devastation and Radical Hope
72(4)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #2: Doing Development
76(6)
Culture and Development
76(2)
Using Indigenous Knowledge
78(2)
Women in Development
80(2)
Conclusions
82(1)
References and Suggested Readings
83(4)
Chapter 3 Debt, Globalization, and The Nation-State 87(48)
Problem 3: How does our economy affect our way of life?
87(1)
Introduction: Debt
88(4)
Question 3.1: How Is Money Created and Why Must Modern Economies Perpetually Grow?
92(5)
Money, Wealth, and Well-Being
92(1)
A Brief History of Money
93(3)
The Society of Perpetual Growth
96(1)
Question 3:2: Where Does the Wealth Needed to Sustain Growth Come From?
97(6)
Capital Conversion
98(5)
Question 3.3: What Kind of Economic System Is Necessary to Sustain Growth?
103(7)
"The Great Transformation"
103(1)
The Emergence of Neoliberalism
104(2)
Market Externalization
106(4)
Question 3.4: What Is the Role of the Nation-State in Sustaining Growth?
110(7)
T-Shirt Travels
110(2)
Free Trade
112(1)
Avoiding Democratic Decision Making
113(1)
The Use of Force
114(3)
Question 3.5: Why Do Economies Collapse?
117(8)
Tulip Bulbs and Bubbles
118(7)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #3: Anthropology and Public Policy
125(6)
The Market Externalities of "Hog Hotels"
127(4)
Conclusions
131(1)
References and Suggested Readings
132(3)
Chapter 4 The Social and Cultural Construction of Reality 135(49)
Problem 4: Why do people believe different things, and why are they so certain their view of the world is correct and other views are wrong?
135(1)
Introduction: The Central Question
136(2)
Question 4.1: How Does Language Affect the Meanings People Assign to Experience?
138(9)
Borrowing Meaning with Metaphors
140(3)
Kwakwaka'wakw Metaphors of Hunger
143(2)
The Metaphors of Contemporary Witchcraft and Magic
145(2)
Question 4.2: How Does Symbolic Action Reinforce a Particular View of the World?
147(6)
The Kwakwaka'wakw Cannibal Dance
148(2)
The Ritual of Contemporary Witchcraft and Magic
150(1)
Dorothy Meets Luke Skywalker
151(2)
Question 4.3: How Do People Come to Believe What They Do, and How Do They Continue to Hold to Their Beliefs Even if They Seem Contradictory or Ambiguous?
153(7)
The Process of Interpretive Drift
154(2)
Explaining Why the Sun Moves Around Earth
156(4)
Question 4.4: How Can We Account for the Different Meanings People Assign to Experiences?
160(8)
What Kinds of Worldviews Are Associated with Each Cultural Type?
164(4)
Question 4.5: How Can People Reorder Their View of the World if It Becomes Unsatisfactory?
168(5)
Wovoka and the Ghost Dance
168(2)
Mother Ann Lee and the Shakers
170(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #4: Political Consulting and the Power of Metaphor
173(6)
Moral Politics: The Nation as a Family
174(3)
Policy Views: Same-Sex Marriage
177(2)
Translating Theory into Action
179(1)
Conclusions
179(1)
References and Suggested Readings
180(4)
Chapter 5 Patterns of Family Relations 184(40)
Problem 5: What do we need to know before we can understand the dynamics of family life in other societies?
184(1)
Introduction: Soap Operas and Family Relations
185(2)
Question 5.1: What Is the Composition of the Typical Family Group?
187(9)
The Family Composition of the Ju/wasi
189(2)
The Family Composition of the Trobriand Islanders
191(3)
The Family Composition of the Chinese
194(2)
Question 5.2: How Are Families Formed and Ideal Family Types Maintained?
196(8)
The Family Cycle of the Ju/wasi
197(2)
The Family Cycle of the Trobriand Islanders
199(3)
The Family Cycle of the Chinese
202(2)
Question 5.3: What Are the Roles of Sexuality, Love, and Wealth?
204(3)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Ju/wasi
204(1)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Trobriand Islanders
205(1)
Sex, Love, and Wealth Among the Chinese
206(1)
Question 5.4: What Threatens to Disrupt the Family Unit?
207(6)
Threats to the Ju/wasi Family
207(2)
Threats to the Trobriand Island Family
209(1)
Threats to the Chinese Family
210(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #5: Combating HIV/AIDS
213(7)
AIDS Prevention in Mexico
213(1)
Sexual Silence
214(1)
Power Relations
215(1)
Trust and Fidelity
216(1)
Sex and Love
217(1)
Why Is the Message of Traditional AIDS Prevention Programs Sometimes Ignored?
217(1)
Designing AIDS-Prevention Programs
218(2)
Conclusions
220(2)
References and Suggested Readings
222(2)
Chapter 6 The Cultural Construction of Identity 224(39)
Problem 6: How do people determine who they are, and how do they communicate who they think they are to others?
224(1)
Introduction: The Importance of Self
225(1)
Question 6.1: How Does the Concept of Personhood Vary from Society to Society?
226(4)
The Egocentric and Sociocentric Self
227(1)
Personhood in Japan and America
228(2)
Question 6.2: How Do Societies Distinguish Individuals from One Another?
230(6)
Constructing Male and Female
231(3)
Language, Gender, and Race
234(2)
Question 6.3: How Do Individuals Learn Who They Are?
236(5)
The Transition to Adulthood
237(4)
Question 6.4: How Do Individuals Communicate Their Identities to One Another?
241(8)
Gifts and Commodities
244(2)
Gift Giving and Christmas in America
246(3)
Question 6.5: How Do Individuals Defend Their Identities When They Are Threatened?
249(3)
Making Moka in Papua New Guinea
249(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #6: Fat Talk
252(7)
Body Image and Identity
254(1)
Fat Talk
254(2)
The Problem
256(1)
Addressing the Problem
257(2)
Conclusions
259(1)
References and Suggested Readings
260(3)
Chapter 7 The Cultural Construction of Social Hierarchy 263(54)
Problem 7: Why are modern societies characterized by social, political, and economic inequalities?
263(1)
Introduction: The Rationale for Social Inequality
264(5)
Question 7.1: How Do Societies Rank People in Social Hierarchies?
269(4)
Youth and Class
270(2)
Status and the Petty Cruelties of High School
272(1)
Question 7.2: Why Do Social and Economic Inequalities Persist?
273(8)
Debt and the Redistribution of Wealth
274(2)
Devaluing Labor
276(2)
Constructing a New Racism
278(3)
Question 7.3: How Do People Come to Accept Social Hierarchies as Natural?
281(11)
Constructing the Ideology of Racism
281(3)
The Social Construction of "Intelligence"
284(6)
Constructing Stratification by Gender
290(2)
Question 7.4: How Do People Living in Poverty Adapt to Their Condition?
292(9)
Kinship as an Adaptation to Poverty
293(1)
In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio
294(5)
The Effects of Inequality
299(2)
Question 7.5: Can a Nonstratified Community Exist Within a Larger Hierarehical Society?
301(4)
The Hutterites and the Colony of Heaven
302(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #7: Health and Human Rights
305(8)
Anthropology and Human Rights
305(3)
Anthropology and Medical Rights: The Work of Paul Farmer
308(2)
Health as a Human Right
310(3)
Conclusions
313(1)
References and Suggested Readings
313(4)
Chapter 8 The Cultural Construction of Violent Conflict 317(40)
Problem 8: How Do Societies Give Meaning to and Justify Collective Violence?
317(1)
Introduction: The Justification of Violent Conflict
318(1)
Question 8.1: How Do Societies Create a Bias in Favor of Collective Violence?
319(7)
Horses, Rank, and Warfare Among the Kiowa
320(1)
Good Hosts Among the Yanomamii
320(2)
Defending Honor in Kohistan
322(2)
Constructing Religious Justifications for Violence
324(2)
Question 8.2: How Do Societies Create a Bias Against Violent Conflict?
326(3)
Characteristics of Peaceful Societies
326(3)
Question 8.3: What Are the Economic, Political, or Social Differences Between Peaceful and Violent Societies?
329(6)
The Need to Protect Resources and Honor
330(1)
Creating the Conditions for Violence
331(3)
Sexism and Violent Conflict
334(1)
Question 8.4: What Are the Effects of War on Societies?
335(3)
The Impact of War on Population
335(1)
The Evolution of the Nation-State
336(1)
Violence and Male Solidarity
337(1)
Question 8.5: How Is It Possible to Justify the Creation of Weapons of Mass Destruction?
338(6)
The Anthropology of a Nuclear Weapons Laboratory
338(3)
The Language of Nuclear Destruction
341(3)
Case Study in Doing Anthropology #8: The Uses (and Misuses?) of Anthropology for Peace and War
344(8)
The Human Terrain Concept and Human Terrain Systems (HTS)
346(2)
The Anthropological Reaction to HTS
348(3)
Limiting the Application of the Technologies
351(1)
Conclusions
352(1)
References and Suggested Readings
353(4)
Glossary 357(6)
References 363(12)
Index 375
Richard H. Robbins is a distinguished teaching professor of anthropology at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh. His teaching interests include courses on global problems, utopian societies, comparative religion, the anthropology of food, and activist anthropology. He has conducted research among indigenous peoples of Canada and fishing communities in northeastern New Brunswick. His recent books Include Debt as Power (with Tim DiMuzio); Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, Sixth Edition; Darwin and the Bible: The Cultural Confrontation (With Mark Cohen); and Globalization and the Environment (with Gary Kroll). Professor Robbins is the recipient of the 2005 American Anthropological Association/McGraw-Hill award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching. Rachel A. Dowty is visiting assistant professor in emergency management at the University of New Haven, Connecticut. Her research interests revolve around the social and anthropological study of crises and disasters, organizations, and science and technology. She co-authored CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, 2nd Edition (with Richard H. Robbins). Dowty also co-edited a volume entitled DYNAMICS OF DISASTER: LESSONS ON RISK, RESPONSE AND RECOVERY (2011, with Barbara Allen) and authored numerous book chapters and articles. She has taught a diverse array of university courses for the past 17 years that focus on understanding culture through hands-on civic engagement and reflection. In her spare time she enjoys hiking, edible landscaping, and spending time with her family.