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El. knyga: Century of Geneticists: Mutation to Medicine [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Foundation for Genetic Research, Houston,Texas, USA)
  • Formatas: 322 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Nov-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315152257
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Kaina: 258,50 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standartinė kaina: 369,29 €
  • Sutaupote 30%
  • Formatas: 322 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Nov-2018
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781315152257
Genetics, like all scientific disciplines, is a human endeavor. Thus, the lives of geneticists - their friendships, colleagues and associations - play an important role in the historical development of the science. This book summarizes the history of genetics by reviewing the lives of the prominent and influential researchers beginning with the earliest and simplest branches of genetics (studies of inheritance and mutation) and ending with the human genome project - the pinnacle of genetics research of the 20th century.

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Summarizes the lives of important genetics researchers Reviews the development of important foundational concepts Highlights the way new technologies and methods have advanced the study of genetics Explores the influence of genetics in other biomedical fields Avoids simplistic chronological summary of genetics
Introduction xvii
Acknowledgments xix
Section I Beginnings
Chapter 1 Hugo de Vries (1848-1935)
5(14)
Introduction
5(1)
Early Research
5(1)
The Mutation Theory
6(1)
Theory of Pangenesis
7(2)
Evolutionary Theory in the Late Nineteenth Century
8(1)
Toward the Rediscovery
9(2)
Birth of Genetics
11(1)
Reception of the Mutation Theory
12(2)
De Vries vs. Darwin
14(1)
Rediscovery of Mendel's Work
15(1)
De Vries's Position in the Genetics Community
16(1)
References
17(2)
Chapter 2 Eugenics and Francis Galton (1822-1911)
19(10)
Early Life
19(1)
Fingerprints
20(1)
Anthropometrics
21(1)
Empirical Test of Pangenesis and Lamarckism
22(1)
Hereditary Genius
22(1)
Eugenics
22(2)
Actuaries
24(1)
Noteworthy Families
24(1)
Heredity
25(1)
Race Improvement or Eugenics
25(2)
Galton: A Summary
27(1)
Endnote
27(1)
References
27(2)
Chapter 3 William Bateson (1861-1926)
29(14)
Early Work
29(1)
Balanoglossus
30(1)
Discontinuous Variation
31(1)
Materials for the Study of Variation (1894)
31(1)
Symmetry and Meristic Repetition
32(1)
Least Size of Particular Teeth
33(1)
Problem of Intercrossing
33(2)
Linkage
35(1)
Meristic Variation
35(1)
Research on Indian Species
36(1)
Subodh Kumar Roy
36(1)
Founding the Discipline of Genetics
37(1)
Human Genetics
38(1)
Bateson's Interests and Character
39(1)
Endnote
40(1)
References
40(3)
Chapter 4 Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945)
43(16)
E.B. Wilson
45(1)
Fly Room
46(2)
J.B.S. Haldane
48(1)
Bateson's Visit
48(1)
Training Ground
49(1)
1925-1945 Period
50(1)
Morgan's Methods
51(2)
Nobel Prize
53(1)
Nobel Lecture
53(1)
The California Institute of Technology
53(1)
References
54(5)
Section II Population Genetics
Chapter 5 J.B.S. Haldane (1892-1964)
59(32)
John Scott Haldane
59(1)
Father-Son Collaboration
60(1)
Haldane's Rule
61(1)
Origins of Life
62(1)
Physiology
62(1)
Population Genetics
63(1)
Natural Selection
64(2)
Demographic Structures
66(1)
Roles of Selection and Mutation in Evolution
66(1)
Gene Fixation
67(1)
Metastable Populations
67(1)
Types of Selection
68(1)
Measurement of Natural Selection in Man
69(1)
Strange Case of Peppered Moth: Industrial Melanism
69(1)
Haldane on Industrial Melanism
70(1)
Beanbag Genetics
71(1)
Human Genetics
72(1)
Genetic Loads and the Impact of Mutation
73(1)
Disease and Selection
73(1)
Eugenics
74(1)
Sterilization
75(1)
Address to the XI International Congress of Human Genetics, 1963
75(1)
Prospects for Eugenics
76(1)
Eugenic Views of Haldane and Muller
77(2)
Science and Ethics
79(1)
Scientific Predictions in 1964
80(1)
Biological Possibilities for the Next Ten Thousand Years
81(1)
One Thousand Years
82(1)
Cloning
82(1)
Division of Human Species
83(1)
Haldane's "Firsts"
84(1)
Biochemistry
84(1)
Animal Behavior
85(1)
Popularization of Science
86(1)
India
87(1)
Personal Aspects
88(1)
Endnote
88(1)
References
88(3)
Chapter 6 Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962)
91(16)
Education
92(1)
First Genetical Paper
92(1)
University College London
93(1)
Cambridge University
94(1)
Personal Aspects
95(1)
Negative Qualities
96(1)
Smoking and Lung Cancer Controversy
96(1)
Fisher's Arguments Concerning Lung Cancer
96(1)
Genetics
97(2)
First Genetical Paper
97(2)
Neo-Darwinism
99(1)
Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
99(1)
Gene Fixation
100(1)
Galton Chair
100(1)
Blood Groups
101(1)
Eugenics
102(1)
Selected Publications by R.A. Fisher
102(5)
Books
102(1)
Other Publications
103(3)
Publications by Others
106(1)
Chapter 7 Sewall Wright (1889-1988)
107(18)
Childhood and Education
107(1)
Genetics
108(1)
U.S. Department of Agriculture
108(1)
University of Chicago
109(1)
Wright's Scientific Work
109(1)
Wright's Contributions to Genetics
109(1)
Haldane and Wright's Third Phase
110(1)
Wright's Last Paper
111(1)
Mammalian Genetics
112(1)
Statistics
112(1)
Wright's Influence
113(1)
Animal Breeding
114(1)
Wright and Haldane
115(1)
Wright and Fisher
115(2)
Conflict between Wright and Fisher
115(1)
Random Genetic Drift and Inbreeding
116(1)
Effective Population Number
117(1)
Who Was Right?
117(1)
Wright's Impact
117(1)
Personal Aspects
117(1)
Acknowledgment
118(1)
References
118(7)
Wright's Publications
118(7)
Chapter 8 Motoo Kimura (1924-1994)
125(12)
Early Career
127(1)
National Institute of Genetics
127(1)
Cold Spring Harbor Symposium
127(1)
Population Genetics
128(1)
Neutral Theory
129(1)
"Neutral" versus "Nonneutral"
130(1)
Last Years
131(1)
Conclusion
132(1)
References
132(5)
Section III Biochemical Genetics
Chapter 9 Archibald E. Garrod (1857-1936)
137(8)
Intellectual Background
137(1)
Biochemistry of Diseases
138(1)
Role of Consanguinity
139(1)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
140(1)
Garrod's Influence
141(1)
Weatherall's Evaluation
142(1)
References
143(2)
Chapter 10 George Wells Beadle (1903-1981)
145(12)
Childhood and Education
145(1)
Research at Cornell
146(2)
Research at Caltech
148(1)
Beadle's Controversy with Darlington
148(1)
Collaboration with Boris Ephrussi
148(1)
Collaboration with Tatum
149(1)
Research during Wartime
150(1)
Life in Oxford
151(1)
Nobel Prize and Controversy
152(1)
President of the University of Chicago
153(1)
One Last Controversy: The Corn Wars
154(1)
Death
155(1)
References
155(2)
Chapter 11 Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008)
157(22)
Columbia University
158(1)
Discovery of Genetic Exchange in Bacteria
159(1)
Yale University
160(1)
University of Wisconsin
160(1)
Young Professor
161(1)
Zinder and Transduction
161(1)
India and Australia
162(2)
Medical Genetics
164(1)
Stanford University
164(1)
Other Activities
164(1)
Exobiology
165(2)
New York Again
167(1)
Retirement
167(2)
Public Policy
169(2)
Death
171(1)
Brief Chronology
171(2)
References
173(1)
Other Publications
174(5)
Section IV Molecular Biology
Chapter 12 Oswald Theodore Avery (1877-1955)
179(12)
Early Life
180(1)
Hoagland Laboratory
180(1)
The Rockefeller Institute
181(1)
Genetics
181(2)
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
183(1)
Avery's Personality and Research Methods
184(1)
Private Thoughts of Avery
184(1)
Other Developments in Genetics
185(1)
Reaction to the Discovery
185(2)
Recollections of Avery
187(1)
Scientific Philosophy
188(1)
References
189(2)
Chapter 13 Erwin Schrodinger (1887-1961)
191(16)
Introduction
191(1)
Early Life and Education
192(3)
What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell
195(2)
Reviews of What Is Life?
197(4)
The Place of What Is Life? in Biology
197(1)
Negative Entropy
197(1)
Code and Entropy
198(3)
Schrodinger and Indian Philosophy
201(1)
Schrodinger on Ethical Lacunae of Science
202(1)
Schrodinger's Holistic Style in Theoretical Physics
202(1)
My View of the World
202(2)
Endnote
204(1)
References
204(3)
Chapter 14 Max Delbruck (1906-1981)
207(16)
Family Background and Early life
207(1)
Childhood
208(1)
Early Career in Physics
208(1)
Copenhagen
208(2)
Biology
210(1)
Berlin Years (1932-1937)
210(1)
Early Days at Caltech
211(1)
Vanderbilt University
211(1)
Phage Group
212(1)
Phage Treaty
212(1)
Cold Spring Harbor
212(1)
Phage Courses
212(1)
Phage Meetings
213(1)
Caltech Again
213(1)
What Is Life?
213(1)
DNA as Genetic Material
214(1)
Oswald Avery and DNA
215(1)
Failure to Appreciate the Importance of Avery's Experiment
215(1)
Phycomyces Period (1953-1981)
216(1)
Cologne (1961-1963)
216(1)
Personality
216(1)
Gandhi of Biology
217(1)
Correspondence with J.B.S. Haldane
217(1)
Nobel Prize
218(1)
Evolutionary Epistemology
218(1)
Last Days
219(1)
Further Reading
219(4)
Selected Publications of Max Delbruck
220(3)
Chapter 15 Francis Crick (1916-2008) and James Watson (1928-)
223(20)
Crick-Watson Collaboration
223(1)
Francis Crick
223(5)
Genetics
224(1)
Meeting Max Perutz
225(1)
Early Steps
226(1)
1951-1953: DNA Structure
226(1)
First Meeting with Watson
227(1)
Conflict between Francis Crick and Lawrence Bragg
228(1)
Jim Watson
228(2)
Watson's First Visit to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: The Phage Group
229(1)
Cambridge University
230(1)
1951-1953: Watson-Crick Collaboration
230(2)
X-Ray Diffraction Study
232(1)
Watson-Crick Paper of 1953
232(1)
Central Dogma
233(1)
Watson's List of Lessons Drawn from DNA Work
233(2)
Harvard University
235(1)
The Double Helix
236(1)
Crick's Reaction
236(2)
Cold Spring Harbor Again
238(1)
Human Genome Project
238(1)
Sociopolitical Activities
239(1)
Further Reading
239(1)
References
240(3)
Section V Radiation Genetics
Chapter 16 Hermann J. Muller (1890-1967)
243(12)
Radiation Research
245(1)
Personal Difficulties
246(1)
Political Activities
246(1)
Edinburgh Period
247(1)
Muller's Career after Returning to the United States
247(1)
Muller's Post-Nobel Years
248(1)
Russell-Einstein Manifesto
248(1)
Muller and Julian Huxley
249(1)
Germinal Choice and Eugenics
249(1)
Early Interest
249(1)
Who Will Choose the Values?
250(1)
Endnotes
250(1)
References
250(5)
Section VI Transposons
Chapter 17 Barbara McClintock (1902-1992)
255(10)
Cornell University
255(1)
Early Work
255(1)
Cytogenetics of Maize
256(1)
Mutations
256(1)
Jumping Genes
257(1)
Cold Spring Harbor
258(1)
Discovery of Controlling Elements
258(1)
McClintock's Visits to Madison
258(2)
1956 Cold Spring Harbor Symposium
260(1)
Evolutionary Origins of Maize
260(1)
Further Reading
261(4)
Archives and Research Collections
261(4)
Section VII Applications of Genetics
Chapter 18 Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009), M.S. Swaminathan (1925-), and Green Revolution
265(14)
Population Monster
265(1)
Early Life and Education
266(1)
Research Career
267(1)
CIMMYT
267(1)
Wheat Research
268(1)
Two Seasons
268(1)
Multiline Varieties
269(1)
Backcrossing
269(1)
Dwarfing
269(1)
Green Revolution in India
270(3)
M.S. Swaminathan
270(13)
Early Life and Education
270(1)
Early Career
271(1)
Professional Achievements
271(2)
Books by M.S. Swaminathan
273(1)
Recommended for Further Reading
273(1)
Norman Borlaug International Symposium
273(1)
Green Revolution in India
273(1)
Wheat Yields in India since 1961
274(1)
World Food Prize
274(1)
Nobel Peace Prize
275(1)
Borlaug Hypothesis
275(1)
Criticisms
275(1)
Later Years
276(1)
Africa
276(1)
Global Food Situation
277(1)
Death
277(1)
Further Reading
278(1)
Chapter 19 Victor McKusick (1921-2008)-Father of Medical Genetics
279(16)
Early Life and Education
279(1)
Johns Hopkins University
280(1)
Division of Medical Genetics
281(1)
Pleiotropism
282(1)
Marfan's Syndrome
282(1)
Amish Populations
283(1)
Inbreeding in the Amish
283(1)
Bar Harbor Course
284(1)
Nova Scotia House
285(1)
McKusick's Publications
285(1)
Misconceptions in Human Genetics
286(2)
Genetic Nosology: On Lumpers and Splitters
288(1)
Gene Mapping
288(1)
Genomics
289(1)
Founder President of HUGO
289(1)
Celera Advisory Board
290(1)
MIM and OMIM
290(1)
Human Genome Project
291(1)
Brief Chronology
292(1)
References
293(2)
Index 295
Dr. Krishna Dronamraju is the author of twenty books and two hundred papers in Genetics and Biotechnology . He received his Ph.D. in Human Genetics while working with the famous scientist JBS Haldane at the Indian Statistical Institute. He received advanced training at University College London and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, as well as a postdoctoral fellowship in genetics at the University of Alberta. In the United States, he served on the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health for several years. He was a member of the U.S. Presidential delegation to India in 2000. He chaired and delivered Plenary Session lectures at numerous international conferences in Genomics, Genetics and Biotechnology. Dr. Dronamrajus research activities include an evaluation of the impact of genetic revolution and genome analysis on human populations. He is President of the Foundation for Genetic Research in Houston, a Visiting Professor of the University of Paris and an Honorary Research Fellow of University College, London.