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xi | |
Foreword |
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xiii | |
Introduction |
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xv | |
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Part I Introductory Chapters |
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1 Anatomy of the Cerebral Cortex |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (5) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (6) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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Cortical Verticality (Columns) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (5) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons |
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22 | (2) |
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Calretinin-Positive Interneurons |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Nitric Oxide Producing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transmitting Interneurons |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (10) |
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2 Cortical Plasticity in Response to Injury and Disease |
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Plasticity: A Major Player in Recovery From Central Nervous System Injury and Disease |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (5) |
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Experience-Based Plasticity |
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37 | (1) |
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Plasticity After Brain Trauma |
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38 | (1) |
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Plasticity in Neurodegeneration |
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39 | (2) |
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Systems Level Plasticity in Therapeutic Approaches |
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41 | (1) |
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Plasticity at the Microanatomical Level |
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42 | (4) |
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Dendritic and Axonal Changes |
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42 | (1) |
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Axonal Plasticity of Injured Corticospinal Axons |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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How Can We Promote and Modify Plasticity? |
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46 | (3) |
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Beware the Dark Side of Plasticity |
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49 | (1) |
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Challenges and Hopes for the Investigation of Central Nervous System Plasticity |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (6) |
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3 Imaging Approaches to Cerebral Cortex Pathology |
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57 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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58 | (4) |
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Brain Volumetry (T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
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58 | (1) |
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Brain Metabolite Levels OH Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) |
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59 | (1) |
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White Matter Lesions (T2-Weighted Imaging and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery) |
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60 | (1) |
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Cerebral Microbleeds (T2-Weighted Imaging and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Resting State Brain Network Function |
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61 | (1) |
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Positron Emission Tomography |
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62 | (7) |
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Cerebral Perfusion, Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress |
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62 | (2) |
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Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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Future Direction and Expert Opinion |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (13) |
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Part II The Cerebral Cortex in Neurodegenerative Disorders |
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83 | (6) |
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Tau and Neurofibrillary Tangles |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (3) |
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Cerebral Cortex Pattern of Alzheimer's Disease Progression |
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89 | (8) |
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Tauopathy in Clinical Alzheimer's Disease |
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89 | (4) |
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Soluble β-Amyloid and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology |
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93 | (4) |
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Imaging Alzheimer's Disease Pathology |
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97 | (2) |
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Alzheimer's Disease Therapeutics |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (17) |
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Introduction: The Challenge of Vascular Dementia |
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119 | (1) |
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Risk Factors for Vascular Cognitive Impairment |
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119 | (1) |
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Cortical Vascular Lesions Often Associated with Dementia |
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120 | (1) |
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Vascular Alterations Leading to Cerebral Damage |
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121 | (3) |
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Cerebral Lesions Resulting From Vascular Mechanisms |
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124 | (3) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy |
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126 | (1) |
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Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia |
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127 | (2) |
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Potential Mechanisms of Interaction Between Vascular Conditions and Dementia |
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129 | (1) |
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Experimental Models of Vascular Dementia |
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130 | (3) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (8) |
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6 Frontotemporal Dementia |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (5) |
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Frontotemporal Dementia Clinical Syndromes |
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141 | (1) |
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Frontotemporal Dementia Pathology |
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142 | (4) |
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Imaging Studies of Frontotemporal Dementia |
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146 | (5) |
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Frontotemporal Dementia Genetics |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (4) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (3) |
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Therapies of General Relevance |
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157 | (1) |
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Therapies for Frontotemporal Dementia Genetic Subtypes |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (16) |
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7 Parkinson's Disease and the Cerebral Cortex |
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177 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease |
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177 | (3) |
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Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease |
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180 | (1) |
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Tremors and the Cerebral Cortex |
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181 | (2) |
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Akinesia and Bradykinesia and the Cerebral Cortex |
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183 | (1) |
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Cognitive Impairment and the Cerebral Cortex |
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184 | (2) |
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Neurotransmitters and Gene Expression in the Cortex |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (7) |
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195 | (2) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms of Huntington Disease |
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197 | (1) |
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Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Postmortem Studies |
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198 | (5) |
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Cerebral Cortex in Huntington Disease: Brain Imaging Findings |
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203 | (2) |
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Cerebral Cortex and Symptom Heterogeneity From Human Studies |
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205 | (3) |
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Dysfunctional Corticostriatal Network in Huntington Disease Animal Models |
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208 | (3) |
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Huntington Disease Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Pathways in Relation to Cortex |
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211 | (2) |
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Therapeutic Aspects and Future Directions |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (8) |
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9 Cortical Manifestations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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223 | (1) |
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Neuropsychological Manifestations of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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223 | (1) |
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Molecular, Clinical, and Neuropathological Correlates of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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224 | (7) |
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Neuroimaging Correlates of Impaired Neural Network Function as the Basis of Frontotemporal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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231 | (3) |
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Models of Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Future Directions |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (7) |
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10 Cortical Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis |
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243 | (1) |
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Relevance of Cortical Pathology to Multiple Sclerosis |
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244 | (1) |
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Cortical Studies in Human Multiple Sclerosis |
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244 | (7) |
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In Vivo Models of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Pathology |
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251 | (10) |
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In Vitro Studies Relevant to Cortical Pathology |
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261 | (2) |
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Cortical Pathology and Therapeutics |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (11) |
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Part III The Cerebral Cortex in Neuropsychiatric Disorders |
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11 Prefrontal Cortical Abnormalities in Cognitive Deficits of Schizophrenia |
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277 | (1) |
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Cognitive Deficits Represent Core Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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277 | (1) |
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The Prefrontal Cortex: A Nodal Point Mediating Cognitive Deficits |
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278 | (1) |
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Abnormalities Involve Both Pyramidal and Nonpyramidal Neurons |
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279 | (1) |
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Pyramidal Neuronal Abnormalities May Lower Their Excitability |
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280 | (1) |
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γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neuronal Changes Reduce Inhibitory Tone in the PFC |
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281 | (3) |
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Preclinical Animal Models of Schizophrenia With Prefrontal Cortex Abnormalities |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (4) |
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12 Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addictive Disorders |
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289 | (2) |
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Clinical Evidence for Prefrontal Cortical Pathology in Addiction |
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291 | (1) |
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Effects of Acute Drug Exposure and Drug-Related Cue Exposure on Human Prefrontal Cortex Activity Patterns |
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291 | (2) |
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Human Prefrontal Cortex Regulation of Inhibitory Control Mechanisms: Relevance to Addiction |
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293 | (1) |
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The Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Neural Circuits |
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294 | (2) |
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Modulation of Prefrontal Cortical Neurotransmitter Release by Drugs of Abuse: Evidence From Animal Models |
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296 | (2) |
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Role of the Prefrontal Cortex in Addiction-Related Behavioral Phenomena: Evidence From Animal Behavioral Pharmacology Research |
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298 | (4) |
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Neurochemical Control of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Prefrontal Cortex: Role of Dopamine-Glutamate Interactions in Animal Models |
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302 | (2) |
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Cannabinoid Modulation of Drug-Related Reward Processing in the Animal Prefrontal Cortex-Mesolimbic Circuitry |
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304 | (1) |
Summary |
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305 | (1) |
References |
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306 | (5) |
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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311 | (4) |
Index |
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315 | |