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El. knyga: Astrophysical Lasers [Oxford Scholarship Online E-books]

(Atomic Astrophysics Division, Institute of Astronomy, Lund University, Sweden), (Institute of Spectroscopy, Troitsk, Russia)
  • Formatas: 268 pages, 107 b+w line drawings, 1 b+w halftone, 4 colour plates
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Dec-2008
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199548279
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Oxford Scholarship Online E-books
  • Kaina nežinoma
Astrophysical LasersDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 268 pages, 107 b+w line drawings, 1 b+w halftone, 4 colour plates
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Dec-2008
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-13: 9780199548279
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Wiley OnlineMore info about Oxford Scholarship Online e-books
Partnerių interneto svetainė: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199548279.001.0001/acprof-9780199548279
Progress in modern radio astronomy led to the discovery of space masers in the microwave range, and it became a powerful tool for studies of interstellar star-forming molecular clouds. Progress in observational astronomy, particularly with ground-based huge telescopes and the space-based Hubble Space Telescope, has led to recent discoveries of space lasers in the optical range. These operate in gas condensations in the vicinity of the mysterious star Eta Carinae (one of the most luminous and massive stars of our Galaxy). Both maser and laser effects, first demonstrated under laboratory conditions, have now been discovered to occur under natural conditions in space, too. This book describes consistently the elements of laser science, astrophysical plasmas, modern astronomical observation techniques, and the fundamentals and properties of astrophysical lasers. A book with such an interdisciplinary scope has not been available to date. The book will also be useful for a wider audience interested in modern developments of the natural sciences and technology.
Introduction
1(11)
Historical remark
2(2)
From astrophysical masers to astrophysical lasers
4(2)
Amplification conditions for an atomic ensemble
6(4)
Structure of the book
10(2)
Elements of radiative quantum transitions
12(24)
Spontaneous and stimulated emission
12(10)
Thermodynamical equilibrium - Einstein coefficients A and B
12(4)
Semiclassical approach
16(2)
Quantum theory
18(4)
Broadening of spectral lines
22(5)
Radiative (natural) broadening
22(1)
Collisional broadening
23(2)
Doppler (nonhomogeneous) broadening
25(2)
Resonance scattering of radiation
27(9)
Coherence of scattering in the atomic frame
27(2)
Doppler redistribution of frequency
29(1)
Number of resonance scattering events - escaping of photons
30(6)
Elements of atomic spectroscopy
36(15)
Basic concepts
36(3)
Structure and interactions
36(1)
LS coupling
37(1)
Terms, levels, and transitions in LS coupling - equivalent electrons
37(1)
Complex spectra
38(1)
Metastable states, pseudo-metastable states - forbidden lines
39(1)
One-electron systems
39(3)
One-electron atoms and ions
39(1)
Alkali and alkali-like spectra
40(2)
Two-electron systems
42(3)
Alkaline earth elements and iso-electronic spectra
42(1)
Elements with two electrons or two holes in the p-shell
43(2)
Complex spectra - with emphasis on Fe II
45(6)
Definition and properties of complex spectra
45(1)
Astrophysical importance of Fe II
45(1)
The atomic structure of Fe II
46(5)
Elementary excitation processes in rarefied plasmas
51(11)
Photoionization of atoms
51(2)
Recombination
53(2)
Electron excitation and ionization
55(1)
Total and local thermodynamic equilibrium (TE and LTE) in plasma
55(3)
Non-LTE astrophysical media
58(1)
Non-LTE: photoselective excitation
59(3)
Astrophysical rarefied gas/plasma
62(16)
Low-density gas nearby a hot star - Stromgren sphere
62(4)
Planetary nebulae
66(7)
Forbidden transitions
69(2)
Accidental coincidences of spectral emission and absorption lines
71(2)
Gas condensations (blobs) in the vicinity of a hot star
73(3)
Surroundings of symbiotic stars
76(2)
Basic elements of laser physics
78(24)
Amplification coefficient
78(1)
Saturation of amplification
79(5)
Homogeneous broadening
80(1)
Doppler broadening
81(3)
Laser with resonant optical feedback (cavity)
84(7)
Simple consideration
85(1)
Quantum considerations
86(5)
Coherent properties of laser light
91(6)
Spatial coherence
91(1)
Temporal coherence and spectral bandwidth
92(3)
Coherent state of light field
95(2)
Laser as an amplifier
97(5)
Amplification of coherent light
98(2)
Amplification of spontaneous emission
100(2)
Introduction to astrophysical lasers
102(13)
Amplification under non-LTE conditions
102(1)
Astrophysical predecessors of the laser
103(4)
How is laser action manifested under astrophysical conditions?
107(8)
Integral intensity of a spectral line
108(4)
Width of a spectral line
112(1)
Divergence of radiation
112(3)
Basics of collisionally pumped astrophysical lasers
115(9)
Proposals of population inversion by collisional pumping
115(4)
Fine-structure levels of ions
116(2)
He II and He I in stellar envelopes
118(1)
Oh radical and H2O molecule in star-forming regions
118(1)
Hydrogen recombination far-IR laser in MWC 349
119(2)
IR CO2 laser in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus
121(3)
Basics of optically pumped astrophysical lasers
124(8)
Bowen accidental resonances and fluorescence lines
124(3)
Inversion of population by accidental resonance pumping
127(5)
Anomalous spectral effects in the Weigelt blobs of Eta Carinae
132(12)
Structure of HII/HI regions in the Weigelt blobs
134(5)
High effective H Lyα temperature in the Weigelt blobs
139(5)
Astrophysical lasers on the Fe II lines
144(24)
Radiative excitation and relaxation of Fe II levels
145(3)
Spectral peculiarities in Fe II
148(2)
Population inversion and amplification in Fe II transitions
150(2)
Radiative cycling with stimulated emission
152(7)
Strong radiative cycle
153(3)
Weak radiative cycle
156(1)
Combination of strong and weak cycles
157(2)
Effective temperature of Lyα from radiative cycle
159(3)
Sources of Lyα radiation pumping of Fe II in the Weigelt blobs
162(2)
Andromeda spectral puzzle
164(4)
Astrophysical laser in the O I 8446 a line
168(13)
Spectral anomalies in O I in stars
168(2)
Excitation mechanism of O I in the Weigelt blobs
170(2)
Inverted population and amplification coefficient of the 8446 a line
172(4)
Spatial features of the O I laser in the Weigelt blobs
176(3)
Possible O I lasers in stellar atmospheres and Orion Nebulae
179(2)
Narrowing of spectral lines in astrophysical lasers
181(9)
Role of geometry in the saturation regime on spectral narrowing
181(4)
How to measure the narrow spectral line width of astrophysical lasers
185(5)
Possibility of scattering feedback in astrophysical masers/lasers
190(17)
Noncoherent scattering feedback
191(6)
Resonant scattering feedback
197(2)
Space masers with scattering feedback
199(4)
Space lasers with resonance scattering feedback
203(4)
Nonlinear optical effects in astrophysical conditions
207(20)
Photoionization processes in radiation-rich astrophysical plasma
207(3)
Rate of resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization in bichromatic radiation
210(5)
Retpi of Si II in the Weigelt blobs of Eta Carinae
215(5)
Successive Retpi schemes for some light elements
220(7)
Laser and interstellar communications
227(4)
References 231(18)
Appendix: Useful units 249(2)
Index 251
Vladilen Letokhov Head of Laser Spectroscopy Department Institute of Spectroscopy , Russian Academy of Sciences Troitsk, Russia

V.S. Letokhov. Graduation with Nobel Prize winner N. Basov in P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute. Founder (1970) and Head of Laser Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Spectroscopy, Troitsk. Visiting Professor of many Universities in USA, France, etc. Tage Erlander Professor (2000) in Lund University. Doctor Honoris Causa of University Paris-Nord and Lund University. Editor and member of editorial board of dozen international scientific journals (in various periods). Member of European Academy of Arts and Science, European Academy, Max Planck Society etc. Author of 850 scientific publications and 13 monographs. Awards: Lenin State Prize for Science and Technology (1978); Quantum Electronics Prize of European Physical Society (1998) etc.



Sveneric Johansson Head of Atomic Astrophysics Division, Institute of Astronomy Lund University, Sweden

S. Johansson. Graduation with Professor Edlen, Lund University. Guest Scientist at NASA/GSFC and University of Maryland, USA. Head of Atomic Astrophysics Division, Institute of Astronomy, Lund University, President of Commission of International Astronomical Union (2003-2006). Author 150 scientific publications and 2 monographs. Awards: Wallmarska Prize of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
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