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El. knyga: Changing Places: The Science and Art of New Urban Planning

  • Formatas: 208 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: Princeton University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780691197791
  • Formatas: 208 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: Princeton University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780691197791

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How the science of urban planning can make our cities healthier, safer, and more livable

The design of every aspect of the urban landscape—from streets and sidewalks to green spaces, mass transit, and housing—fundamentally influences the health and safety of the communities who live there. It can affect people's stress levels and determine whether they walk or drive, the quality of the air they breathe, and how free they are from crime. Changing Places provides a compelling look at the new science and art of urban planning, showing how scientists, planners, and citizens can work together to reshape city life in measurably positive ways.

Drawing on the latest research in city planning, economics, criminology, public health, and other fields, Changing Places demonstrates how well-designed changes to place can significantly improve the well-being of large groups of people. The book argues that there is a disconnect between those who implement place-based changes, such as planners and developers, and the urban scientists who are now able to rigorously evaluate these changes through testing and experimentation. This compelling book covers a broad range of structural interventions, such as building and housing, land and open space, transportation and street environments, and entertainment and recreation centers.

Science shows we can enhance people's health and safety by changing neighborhoods block-by-block. Changing Places explains why planners and developers need to recognize the value of scientific testing, and why scientists need to embrace the indispensable know-how of planners and developers. This book reveals how these professionals, working together and with urban residents, can create place-based interventions that are simple, affordable, and scalable to entire cities.

Recenzijos

"Winner of the James Short Senior Scholar Award, Communities and Place Division of the American Society of Criminology" "A great, bracing read for us cultural theorists: the authors really interrogate what evidence means in a complex ecosystem such as a city, as well as what you do with it. The case studies in the rest of the book show off examples of evidence-led interventions, all with apparently proven social benefits: they include large-scale tree planting for health in Philadelphia, light rail ridership fighting obesity in Charlotte and the use of signs in LA parks to make people exercise. The message is a simple one: with the right evidence base, you can make meaningful changes. Like Londons cholera in 1854, you can cure a city of its social ills."---Richard J. Williams, Times Higher Education

Preface vii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Our Surroundings, Ourselves
1(12)
Why Places Profoundly Matter
2(6)
Places Change Us in Fundamental Ways
8(5)
2 A New Movement Based on Old Ideas
13(15)
New Urbanism and Green Living
17(5)
Active Design and Healthy Places
22(2)
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design
24(4)
3 Establishing Evidence
28(27)
Causality and Place
31(13)
Generalizability and Place
44(7)
Levels of Evidence
51(2)
Evidence Matters
53(2)
4 Cities in Ruin
55(24)
Evolution of Negative Housing
56(2)
Degraded Housing, Public Safety, and Health
58(4)
Rebuild or Escape?
62(3)
Breathe-Easy Homes
65(5)
Fixing Doors and Windows
70(4)
Better Homes for Our Health and Safety and Addressing Gentrification
74(5)
5 Hie Nature Cure
79(22)
Crime-Fighting Trees
83(3)
Philadelphia's Experiment with Greening
86(7)
Seeing Green Space and Trees to Improve Health
93(3)
Beetles That Kill Trees Are Bad for Our Health and Safety
96(3)
Green Space and Our Health and Safety
99(2)
6 Driving Ambivalence
101(17)
Walking off the Pounds by Choosing the Train
104(2)
Riding Light Rail in Charlotte to Lose Weight
106(4)
More Walking in Los Angeles, Fewer Trips in Cars
110(3)
Designing Out Cars to Reduce Crime
113(1)
The LAPD's Operation Cul-De-Sac
114(2)
Designing Out Cars to Promote Health and Safety
116(2)
7 Good Clean Fun
118(20)
Making Commercial Districts Safe
120(1)
Business Improvement Districts Reduce Crime in Los Angeles
121(6)
Making Parks Places for Physical Activity
127(7)
Simple Signs Increase Physical Activity in Parks
134(2)
Motivating People to Use Commercial and Recreational Spaces
136(2)
8 Embracing Change
138(11)
The Unintended Consequences of Positive Action
139(1)
University City District Success Leads to Strain on Public School
140(2)
Successful Figueroa BID Impacts Infrastructure and Housing Options
142(3)
Light Rail Development Brings Boom to Neighborhood
145(1)
The Impact of Changes to Places on Services
146(3)
Epilogue: Where Next? 149(8)
Notes 157(26)
Index 183
John MacDonald is professor of criminology and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. Charles Branas is the Gelman Professor and chair of the Department of Epidemiology at Columbia University. Robert Stokes is associate professor and chair of the Master of Public Policy Program in the School of Public Service at DePaul University.