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El. knyga: Channels, Carriers, and Pumps: An Introduction to Membrane Transport

(Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel), (Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma, Ballerup, Denmark)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124165830
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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 09-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124165830
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Stein and Litman introduce transport through biological membranes to readers just entering the field, those working on membrane-bound-receptors, beginning neurobiologists, pharmacologists in training, and others. They link the experimental basis with theoretical model building, using examples with illustrations, many taken from original papers. The topics are the structural basis of movement across cell membranes, simple diffusion the non-electrolytes and ions, ion channels across cell membranes, carrier-mediated transport: facilitated diffusion, the coupling of flows of substrates: anti-porters and sym-porters, primary active transport systems, and the regulation and integration of transport systems. The second edition incorporates the vast new information about transport generated during the past quarter century. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

An introduction to the principles of membrane transport: How molecules and ions move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion and by making use of specialized membrane components (channels, carriers, and pumps). The text emphasizes the quantitative aspects of such movement and its interpretation in terms of transport kinetics. Molecular studies of channels, carriers, and pumps are described in detail as well as structural principles and the fundamental similarities between the various transporters and their evolutionary interrelationships. The regulation of transporters and their role in health and disease are also considered.

  • Provides an introduction to the properties of transport proteins: channels, carriers, and pumps
  • Presents up-to-date information on the structure of transport proteins and on their function and regulation
  • Includes introductions to transport kinetics and to the cloning of genes that code transport proteins
  • Furnishes a link between the experimental basis of the subject and theoretical model building

Recenzijos

"...an excellent resource on the current understanding of channels, carriers, and pumps as well as transport processes and their important roles in health and disease. Score: 91 = 4 Stars" --Doody's

Praise for the previous edition:"It has become the "Bible" for my lab" --Tony Carruthers, Dean, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Medical School

"The strength of this book is the way in which rigorous yet lucid expositions of the theoretical basis of various types of transport are integrated with illuminating discussions of experimental results. [ This book] will continue to be rewarding reading when many symposium reports have become outdated, and it is warmly welcomed and recommended." --D.K. Apps, FEBS LETTERS, August 1991

"With so much diversity in biology it is exhilarating to read Steins attempt at synthesis. More of this is needed . . . Steins book should earn a place of its own, for it does something that few others attempt: it puts channels, carriers, and pumps under one roof . . . the books greatest value: its potential for catalytic action on sometimes disparate fields." --Louis J. DeFelice, California Institute of Technology, CELL, August 1991

Daugiau informacijos

Links experimental data with theory for best understanding of membrane transport.
Preface to the First Edition xi
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
List of Symbols
xv
1 Structural Basis of Movement across Cell Membranes
1(36)
1.1 Membrane Structure: Electron Microscopy of Biological Membranes
1(2)
1.2 Chemical Composition of Biological Membranes
3(3)
1.2.1 Membrane Lipids
4(1)
1.2.2 Membrane Proteins
5(1)
1.2.3 Membrane Carbohydrates
5(1)
1.3 Membrane Phospholipid Structures and Their Self-Assembly
6(1)
1.4 Phase Transitions in Biological Membranes
7(5)
1.5 Membrane Proteins: Their Structure and Arrangement
12(3)
1.5.1 Proteins That Span the Membrane Only Once
13(1)
1.5.2 Proteins That Span the Membrane More Than Once
14(1)
1.6 Synthesis of Membrane Proteins
15(5)
1.7 Quantitation of Membrane Dynamics
20(4)
1.8 Traffic Across the Plasma Membrane
24(8)
1.9 The Cell Membrane as a Barrier and as a Passage
32(5)
Suggested Readings
33(4)
2 Simple Diffusion of Nonelectrolytes and Ions
37(44)
2.1 Diffusion as a Random Walk
37(9)
2.2 The Electrical Force Acting on an Ion
46(5)
2.3 Permeability Coefficients and Partition Coefficients
51(5)
2.4 Measurement of Permeability Coefficients
56(6)
2.5 Analysis of Permeability Data
62(3)
2.6 The Membrane as a Hydrophobic Sieve
65(3)
2.7 Osmosis and the Diffusion of Water
68(5)
2.8 Comparison of Osmotic and Diffusive Flow of Water
73(8)
Suggested Readings
79(2)
3 Ion Channels across Cell Membranes
81(50)
3.1 The Gramicidin Channel
82(5)
3.2 The Acetylcholine Receptor Channel
87(3)
3.3 Conductances and Cross-Sectional Areas of Single Channels
90(7)
3.4 An Experimental Interlude
97(5)
3.4.1 Identification of Channels by Patch-Clamping
97(3)
3.4.2 Measurements of Membrane Potential by Using Intracellular Microelectrodes or by Following Dye Distribution
100(2)
3.5 Diffusion Potentials: Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
102(4)
3.6 Regulation and Modulation of Channel Opening
106(25)
3.6.1 The Potassium Channel of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
106(2)
3.6.2 Sodium and Potassium Channels of Excitable Tissue
108(10)
3.6.3 The Cell-to-Cell Channel or Gap Junction
118(1)
3.6.4 Regulation and Modulation of Some Other Channels
119(8)
Suggested Readings
127(4)
4 Carrier-Mediated Transport: Facilitated Diffusion
131(48)
4.1 Inhibition of Mediated Transport Systems
132(4)
4.2 Kinetics of Carrier Transport
136(8)
4.2.1 The Zero-Trans Experiment
137(2)
4.2.2 Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibition of Transport
139(2)
4.2.3 The Equilibrium Exchange Experiment
141(1)
4.2.4 Stimulation of Transport by Trans Concentrations of Substrate
142(2)
4.3 The Carrier Model
144(1)
4.4 Valinomycin: An Artificial Membrane Carrier That Works by a Solubility-Diffusion Mechanism
145(3)
4.5 Two Conformations of the Carrier
148(1)
4.6 A Deeper Analysis of the Kinetics of Carrier Transport
149(3)
4.6.1 Some Relations Between the Transport Parameters for the Different Experimental Procedures
150(2)
4.6.2 Carrier Systems May Behave Asymmetrically
152(1)
4.7 Electrogenic Aspects of Carrier Transport
152(6)
4.8 Some Individual Transport Systems
158(7)
4.8.1 GLUT4: The Insulin-Regulated Glucose Transporter
158(2)
4.8.2 The Amino Acid Carriers
160(2)
4.8.3 The Organic Cation Transporters: The OCTs
162(3)
4.9 An Overall View of the Membrane Carriers
165(8)
4.10 The Full Equation for Carrier Transport
173(6)
Suggested Readings
177(2)
5 Coupling of Flows of Substrates: Antiporters and Symporters
179(68)
5.1 Countertransport on the Simple Carrier
180(1)
5.2 Exchange-Only Systems: The Antiporters
181(24)
5.2.1 The Kinetics of Antiport
182(3)
5.2.2 Slippage and Leakage in Coupled Transport Systems
185(1)
5.2.3 Asymmetry of Antiporters
186(1)
5.2.4 How the Stoichiometry of Substrate Binding Determines the "Intensity" of Concentration
186(1)
5.2.5 Some Particular Antiporter Systems
187(5)
5.2.6 How the Structural Basis of the Antiporters Is Beginning to Be Elucidated
192(13)
5.3 The Symporters, Cotransport Systems Where Two (or More) Substrates Ride Together in Symport on a Simple Carrier
205(42)
5.3.1 Crane's Gradient Hypothesis
207(3)
5.3.2 V and K Kinetics in Cotransport
210(2)
5.3.3 Cis and Trans Inhibition between Cosubstrates as Tests of the Cotransport (Symport) Model
212(2)
5.3.4 Stoichiometry of Symtransport
214(1)
5.3.5 Electrogenic Aspects of Cotransport: The Equilibrium Potential of a Cotransport System
215(2)
5.3.6 Some Individual Cotransporters Described
217(9)
5.3.7 How the Structural Basis of the Symporters Is Beginning to Be Elucidated
226(16)
Suggested Readings
242(5)
6 Primary Active Transport Systems
247(82)
6.1 The Sodium Pump of the Plasma Membrane
247(8)
6.1.1 The Function of the Sodium Pump
247(8)
6.2 The Calcium Pump of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
255(18)
6.2.1 Structural Studies on the Calcium ATPase (SERCA1a)
259(5)
6.2.2 Structural Studies on the Na+, K+-ATPase
264(9)
6.3 The Calcium Pump of the Plasma Membrane
273(4)
6.4 The H+, K+-ATPase of Gastric Mucosa: The Proton Pump of the Stomach
277(5)
6.4.1 The P-Type ATPases in the Context of Protein Evolution
279(3)
6.5 The Rotary ATPases
282(14)
6.5.1 Structure of the Rotary ATPases
283(4)
6.5.2 Mechanism of Action of the F0F1ATPases
287(9)
6.6 The Vacuolar Proton-Activated ATPase
296(1)
6.7 Bacteriorhodopsin: A Light-Driven Proton Pump
296(6)
6.8 MDR---Drug Pumps
302(27)
6.8.1 The Discovery of MDR
302(2)
6.8.2 The ABC Superfamily
304(1)
6.8.3 Topology
304(5)
6.8.4 Function
309(5)
6.8.5 ATPase Activity
314(2)
6.8.6 Substrates and Inhibitors of P-gp---Clarification of Concepts
316(5)
6.8.7 Catalytic Cycle of P-gp
321(2)
6.8.8 Structure
323(2)
Suggested Readings
325(4)
7 Regulation and Integration of Transport Systems
329(66)
7.1 Regulation of Cell Volume
330(26)
7.1.1 How the Post-Jolly Equation (Relating Cell Volume, Cell Content, and the Pump-Leak Ratio, Together with the Donnan Distribution), Determines the Cell Volume in the Long Term
332(7)
7.1.2 Short-Term Regulation of Cell Volume
339(17)
7.2 Integration of Transport Systems
356(27)
7.2.1 Epithelia, with Special Reference to the Kidney
356(9)
7.2.2 A Tight Epithelium: The Collecting Duct
365(2)
7.2.3 An "Intermediate" Epithelium: The Thick Ascending Limb of the Mammalian Kidney
367(2)
7.2.4 A Leaky Epithelium: The Proximal Tubule
369(4)
7.2.5 Tight, Intermediate, and Leaky Epithelia Compared
373(1)
7.2.6 The Control of Glucose Transport Across the Intestine
373(4)
7.2.7 Transporters and the Control of Cell Migration
377(4)
7.2.8 Vectorial Assembly and Sorting of Membrane Transport Systems in Epithelia
381(2)
7.3 Channels of Death
383(12)
Suggested Readings
391(4)
Appendix: Fundamental Constants, Conversion Factors, and Some Useful Approximations 395(2)
Index 397
Wilfred Stein is the author of three previous books on membrane transport, the first appearing almost fifty years ago. He has edited numerous books and written some 180 papers on various aspects of membrane transport and especially transport kinetics. These papers, especially those written together with his colleague William Lieb, defined many of the concepts used today in discussing movement across cell membranes. More recently he has turned to the study of the kinetics of drugs used in cancer therapy and in the treatment of malaria. He has taught biochemistry, biophysics and physiology at the University of Manchester and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and also at the Weizmann Institute in Israel. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Biophysics at the Hebrew University. He is married to a librarian and has four children and nine grandchildren. Thomas Litman works as a senior research scientist at LEO Pharma, where he is responsible for implementing bioinformatics in translational research. He has taught biophysics and transport physiology at the University of Copenhagen since 1994 and is the author of some 70 papers, most of which focus on multidrug resistance and functional characterization of drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein. In particular the papers on transport kinetics of anticancer drugs, written together with his mentor, Professor Wilfred Stein, have been recognized as exemplary in the field. He completed his post-doctoral work at The National Cancer Institute, NIH 1997-9, where he played a key role in the identification and characterization of a new transporter, ABCG2 (MXR), involved in multidrug resistance. In 2002 he was appointed as Weimann associate research professor, and 2003-6 he was responsible for the masters program in medical bioinformatics at the Bioinformatics Centre, University of Copenhagen. His interests range from basic and translational research to information technology and applied bioinformatics, including confocal microscopy, microarray analysis, noncoding RNA, proteomics, next-generation sequencing, and molecular modeling.