Preface |
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ix | |
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xi | |
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1 Introduction to Biomaterials |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Biomaterials and Biocompatibility |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Types of Biomaterials |
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5 | (1) |
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1.5 Properties of Biomaterials |
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6 | (2) |
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1.6 Biomaterials Characterization and Outline of this Book |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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Suggested Further Reading |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Physical and Chemical Characterization of Biomaterials |
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2.1 Microstructural Characterization |
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11 | (9) |
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2.2 Scanning Probe Microscopy |
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20 | (8) |
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2.3 X-ray Diffraction and Scattering Methods |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (3) |
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2.6 Contact Angle Measurements |
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38 | (3) |
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2.7 Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry |
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41 | (3) |
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2.8 Gas Adsorption Measurements |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (4) |
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47 | (3) |
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3 Mechanical Characterization of Biomaterials |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (11) |
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62 | (2) |
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3.4 Application and Measurement of Load and Deformation |
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64 | (27) |
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91 | (4) |
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3.6 Data Acquisition and Analysis |
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95 | (11) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (9) |
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4 Surface Characterization of Biomaterials |
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4.1 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
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106 | (5) |
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4.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy |
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111 | (2) |
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4.3 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) |
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113 | (9) |
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4.4 Surface Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry |
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122 | (3) |
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4.5 Infrared IR Spectroscopy |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (4) |
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4.7 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy |
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131 | (1) |
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4.8 Ultraviolet---Visible Spectroscopy |
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132 | (2) |
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4.9 Light Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy |
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134 | (1) |
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4.10 Scanning Electron Microscopy |
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135 | (9) |
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4.11 Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy |
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144 | (7) |
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151 | (1) |
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4.13 Contact Angle Measurement |
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152 | (5) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (15) |
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161 | (15) |
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5.1 In Vitro Characterization of Cell---Biomaterials Interactions |
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176 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Basics of Cell Biology |
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177 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Materials for Biomedical Applications (Biomaterials) |
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179 | (9) |
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5.1.4 Cell---Nanotopography Responses on Synthetic Substrates |
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188 | (4) |
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5.1.5 Techniques to Evaluate Cell---Material Interactions |
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192 | (8) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (7) |
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5.2 Characterization of Bacteria---Biomaterial Interactions, from a Single Cell to Biofilms |
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208 | (5) |
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5.2.2 Quantification of Bacterial Interactions with Surfaces |
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213 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Use in Investigations of Biological Systems |
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215 | (6) |
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5.2.4 Use of AFM for Quantification of Bacteria---Biomaterial Interactions |
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221 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Examples from the Literature of AFM Studies of Bacteria---Biomaterial Interactions |
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223 | (12) |
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5.2.6 Characterization of Biofilms on Biomaterial Surfaces |
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235 | (2) |
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5.2.7 Quantifying Biofilm Structure |
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237 | (4) |
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5.2.8 Analysis of Biofilm Images |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Sources for Further Information and Advice |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (14) |
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6 In Vivo Characterization of Biomaterials |
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256 | (2) |
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6.2 Ideal Characteristics of Biomaterial for In vivo Application |
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258 | (1) |
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6.3 Animal Model in Orthopaedic Surgery |
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259 | (2) |
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6.4 Animal Models in Spinal Surgery and Characterization of Biomaterials |
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261 | (2) |
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6.5 Characterization Parameters |
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263 | (21) |
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6.6 Biodistribution Studies |
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284 | (2) |
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6.7 In Vivo Characterization of Biomaterials in Soft Tissue Surgery |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (9) |
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290 | (9) |
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7.1 Structural and Biological Characterization of Scaffolds |
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299 | (2) |
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7.1.2 Characterization of Scaffolds Morphology and Porosity |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Mechanical Characterization of Scaffolds |
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302 | (1) |
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7.1.5 Biological Characterization of Scaffolds |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (5) |
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7.2 Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic Coatings on Medical Implants |
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311 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Coating Microstructure |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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7.2.4 Bond Strength of Coatings |
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315 | (2) |
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7.2.5 Fatigue Properties of Coatings |
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317 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Shear Testing of Coatings |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (4) |
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8 Characterization of Orthopaedic Devices |
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8.1 Mechanical Testing of Orthopaedic Devices |
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323 | (13) |
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8.2 Tribological Testing of Joint Implants |
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336 | (9) |
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8.3 Metallic Coatings for Orthopaedic Devices |
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345 | (10) |
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351 | (4) |
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9 Characterization of Cardiovascular Implantable Devices |
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9.1 Cardiovascular System |
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355 | (4) |
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9.2 Types of Cardiovascular Implantable Devices |
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359 | (18) |
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9.3 In Vitro Characterization of Cardiovascular Implantable Devices |
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377 | (42) |
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414 | (5) |
Index |
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419 | |