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El. knyga: Chemical Engineering Design and Analysis: An Introduction

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(University of California, Berkeley), (Cornell University, New York)
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Chemical Engineering Design and Analysis: An IntroductionDidesnis paveikslėlis
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Introducing the principles and practices of design and analysis in chemical engineering, this textbook teaches students to apply three vital analytical skills - mathematical modelling, graphical modelling, and dynamic scaling - in the contexts of modern chemical processes such as the hydrogen economy, petrochemical processes, and pharmaceuticals.

This textbook puts design at the center of introducing students to the course in mass and energy balances in chemical engineering. Employers and accreditations increasingly stress the importance of design in the engineering curriculum, and design-driven analysis will motivate students to dig deeply into the key concepts of the field. The second edition has been completely revised and updated. It introduces the central steps in design and three methods of analysis: mathematical modeling, graphical methods, and dimensional analysis. Students learn how to apply engineering skills, such as how to simplify calculations through assumptions and approximations; how to verify calculations, significant figures, spreadsheets, graphing (standard, semi-log and log-log); and how to use data maps, in the contexts of contemporary chemical processes such as the hydrogen economy, petrochemical and biochemical processes, polymers, semiconductors, and pharmaceuticals.

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The go-to guide to learn the principles and practices of design and analysis in chemical engineering.
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xviii
1 An Overview of Chemical Engineering
1(7)
1.1 Achievements of Chemical Engineering
3(2)
1.2 Opportunities for Chemical Engineering
5(3)
Reference
7(1)
2 Chemical Process Design
8(81)
2.1 Designing a Chemical Process
8(11)
2.1.1 Design Evolution by Successive Problem Solving
8(8)
2.1.2 Analyzing Data to Design Chemical Processes
16(1)
2.1.3 Conventions for Chemical Process Flowsheets
17(2)
2.2 Chemical Process Design and Creative Problem Solving
19(6)
2.2.1 Defining the Real Problem in Successive Problem Solving
19(4)
2.2.2 Conventions for Streams on Chemical Process Flowsheets
23(2)
2.3 Designing a Chemical Process for the Semiconductor Industry
25(4)
2.4 Designing Processes to Produce Hydrogen
29(13)
2.4.1 Hydrogen from Methane
29(3)
2.4.2 Methane from Natural Gas
32(3)
2.4.3 Hydrogen from Coal
35(1)
2.4.4 Hydrogen from Thermal Energy and Water
36(4)
2.4.5 Tips for Chemical Process Design: Analyzing a Process Flowsheet
40(2)
2.5 Designing a Process to Store Hydrogen
42(47)
2.5.1 Options for Storing Hydrogen
42(2)
2.5.2 Storing Hydrogen as Fuel for Vehicles
44(3)
Summary
47(1)
References
48(1)
Chemical Process Design Bibliography
48(1)
Exercises
48(1)
Process Analysis
48(9)
Process Design
57(23)
Problem Redefinition
80(6)
Physical Properties at I atm
86(3)
3 Models Derived from Laws and Mathematical Analysis
89(154)
3.1 Mass Balances on Processes with No Chemical Reaction
90(9)
3.1.1 Mass Balances on a Single Unit at Steady State
90(5)
3.1.2 Mass Balances on a Process with Several Units and a Recycle Stream
95(4)
3.2 Mass Balances on Processes with Chemical Reactions
99(11)
3.2.1 A Chemical Reactor with a Separator
99(5)
3.2.2 A Recycle for Minimal Reactant Input and Minimal Waste Output
104(2)
3.2.3 A Purge for Moderate Reactant Input and Moderate Waste Output
106(4)
3.3 Informal Mass Balances for Design Evolution
110(4)
3.4 Mathematical Modeling with Mass Balances: Summary
114(3)
3.4.1 Some Tips on System Borders
114(2)
3.4.2 Mass Balances and Learning Styles
116(1)
3.5 Energy Balances on a Single Unit with No Chemical Reaction
117(1)
3.5.1 Energy Balances for Temperature and Phase Changes
117(6)
3.5.2 Energy Balances for Temperature Changes with Variable Heat Capacity
123(5)
3.5.3 Heat Integration: Matching Energy Needs to Energy Sources
128(4)
3.6 Energy Balances and Chemical Reactions
132(13)
3.6.1 Chemical Reactions with Complete Conversion
132(3)
3.6.2 Chemical Reactions with Incomplete Conversion
135(4)
3.6.3 Chemical Reactions with Conversion Limited by Equilibrium
139(6)
3.7 Chemical Process Economics
145(98)
3.7.1 Economic Analysis of Operating a Chemical Process
145(5)
3.7.2 Economic Analysis of Modifying a Chemical Process
150(2)
3.7.3 Economic Analysis for Evaluating Design Schemes
152(3)
Summary
155(1)
References
156(1)
Exercises
156(1)
Mass Balances
156(16)
Mass Balances with Chemical Reactions
172(6)
Informal Mass Balances
178(4)
Mass Balances on Spreadsheets
182(5)
Energy Balances
187(8)
Energy Balances with Chemical Reactions
195(6)
Process Economics
201(14)
Process Design with Mathematical Modeling
215(26)
Engineering Calculations
241(2)
4 Models Derived from Graphical Analysis
243(180)
4.1 Tie Lines, Mixing Lines, and the Lever Rule
244(23)
4.1.1 Graphical Mass Balances
244(3)
4.1.2 Graphical Energy Balances
247(6)
4.1.3 Graphical Mass Balances for Single-Stage Liquid-Vapor Separations
253(9)
4.1.4 Combined Mass and Energy Balances on Two-Component Mixtures
262(5)
4.2 Operating Lines for Two-Phase Systems
267(22)
4.2.1 Single-Stage Absorbers
267(5)
4.2.2 Multistage Absorbers
272(5)
4.2.3 Multistage Liquid-Vapor Separations
277(6)
4.2.4 Multistage Cascading Flash Drums
283(6)
4.3 Trajectories on Pure-Component Phase Diagrams
289(134)
4.3.1 Mapping Solid-Liquid-Gas Phases of a Pure Component
289(5)
4.3.2 Condensation from a Non-condensible Gas
294(7)
Summary
301(1)
References
301(1)
Exercises
302(1)
Linear and Logarithmic Scales
302(1)
Graphical Energy Balances on Pure Substances
303(3)
Graphical Mass Balances on Temperature-Composition and Pressure-Composition Phase Diagrams
306(18)
Combined Mass and Energy Balances on Two-Component Mixtures: Enthalpy-Composition Phase Diagrams
324(5)
Operating Lines for Multistage Countercurrent Separators: Absorbers and Strippers
329(21)
Operating Lines for Multistage Countercurrent Separators: Distillation Columns
350(26)
Phase Diagrams of Pure Substances
376(14)
Process Design with Graphical Modeling
390(33)
5 Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similarity
423(76)
5.1 Units and Dimensions
426(2)
5.2 Dimensional Analysis
428(19)
5.2.1 Dimensional Analysis of a Pendulum Swinging
428(3)
5.2.2 Dimensional Analysis of a Person Walking and Running
431(5)
5.2.3 Dimensional Analysis of a Solid Sphere Moving through a Fluid
436(11)
5.3 Dynamic Similarity
447(12)
5.3.1 Dynamic Similarity of Fluid Flow in a Smooth Pipe
447(5)
5.3.2 Dynamic Similarity of Fluid Flow in a Rough Pipe
452(2)
5.3.3 Dynamic Similarity of Heat Transfer from a Fluid Flowing in a Tube
454(3)
5.3.4 Dynamic Similarity of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Stages
457(2)
5.4 Applications of Dimensional Analysis
459(40)
5.4.1 Dimensional Analysis of Gases
459(4)
5.4.2 Dimensional Analysis of Biological Systems
463(2)
5.4.3 Dimensional Analysis of Microchemical Systems
465(1)
Summary
466(1)
References
467(1)
Exercises
468(1)
Units and Dimensions
468(1)
Deriving Dimensionless Groups
469(7)
Analyzing Graphical Data
476(5)
Design of Dynamically Similar Models
481(6)
Data Analysis on Spreadsheets
487(12)
6 Transient-State Processes
499(47)
6.1 Transient-State Mass Balances: A Surge Tank
500(7)
6.2 Residence Times and Sewage Treatment
507(5)
6.3 Rate Constants: Modeling Atmospheric Chemistry
512(5)
6.4 Optimization: Batch Reactors
517(6)
6.5 Multiple Steady States: Catalytic Converters
523(5)
6.6 Mass Transfer: Citric Acid Production
528(3)
6.7 Heat Transfer: Chemical Reactor Runaway
531(15)
Summary
534(1)
References
534(1)
Exercises
534(1)
Transient-State Processes
534(8)
Numerical Integration of Differential Equations
542(4)
Appendix A List of Symbols 546(2)
Appendix B Units, Conversion Factors, and Physical Constants 548(3)
Appendix C Significant Figures 551(3)
Appendix D Log-Log Graph Paper 554(5)
Appendix E Mathematics, Mechanics, and Thermodynamics 559(3)
Appendix F Glossary of Chemical Engineering 562(7)
Index 569
T. Michael Duncan joined the School of Chemical Engineering at Cornell University in 1990, where he holds the Thorpe Chair in Chemical Engineering and has served as Associate Director for the undergraduate program since 1993. Duncan has received many teaching awards: he has been selected four times for the Tau Beta Pi / Cornell Engineering Alumni Association Excellence in Teaching Award and was named Professor of the Year for New York State by the Carnegie Foundation in 2007. He is also a Weiss Scholar at Cornell, a distinction bestowed on three faculty members each year at Cornell, from the entire campus of over 1600 instructors. Jeffrey A. Reimer is the C. Judson King Endowed Professor and Warren and Katharine Schlinger Distinguished Professor and Chair of the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department at University of California, Berkeley. Reimer has received many teaching awards, culminating in the University of California, Berkeley Distinguished Teaching Award, the highest award bestowed on faculty for their teaching. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, and a Fellow of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance, and was the recipient of a Humboldt Research Award in 2014.
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