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El. knyga: Chemical Processes for Pollution Prevention and Control

(University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (retired)), (Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA)
  • Formatas: 244 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Oct-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351589628
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 244 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 04-Oct-2017
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351589628
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This book examines how chemistry, chemical processes, and transformations are used for pollution prevention and control. Pollution prevention reduces or eliminates pollution at the source, whereas pollution control involves destroying, reducing, or managing pollutants that cannot be eliminated at the source. Applications of environmental chemistry are further illustrated by nearly 150 figures, numerous example calculations, and several case studies designed to develop analytical and problem solving skills. The book presents a variety of practical applications and is unique in its integration of pollution prevention and control, as well as air, water, and solid waste management.

Recenzijos

"The contents of the book are shown in a didactic way through figures, tables and practical examples. The language is suitable for a direct learning, facilitated by the theoretical-practical combination of the chemical and physical approach to the environmental problem." Marisol Andrea Belmonte Soto, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaķso, Chile

"A good guide for understanding waste and pollution and the importance for preventing pollution. Equipped with a good amount of examples as well as appropriate conceptual and theoretical background, this book has a unique approach to pollution problem and its control. It has integrated pollution prevention and control, as well as air, water, and solid waste management." Mohammad Zandi, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

"Since many environmental engineering students have forgotten their basic chemistry skills, this book allows them to remember very easily. One of the highlights of the book is its direct language, so it is easy to understand by the student. It is also concise, allowing the student to review / learn the concepts quickly. This is very important since it will be an auxiliary book of the subject. The authors' experience in this area allows them to contribute a series of case studies where theoretical knowledge is applied to address real environmental problems. In this way, the student succeeds in capturing the practical usefulness of the concepts studied and understanding their importance in his future work performance." José Luis Campos Gómez, Universidad Adolfo Ibįńez, Chile

"I believe this book will be a valuable contribution to the environmental chemistry and pollution prevention literature and would be a welcome, modern addition to the current selection of textbooks. These authors have a unique perspective to Environmental Engineering that I find welcome because it focuses on problem solving rather than the general chemistry of the environment, for which there is a large selection of fine books." David Stevens, Utah State University, USA

"Chemical Processes for Pollution Prevention and Control covers chemistry fundamentals applicable to water, wastewater, and air pollution. Its both an invaluable text for undergraduate and graduate students. Also, its an excellent refresher and reference for practicing engineers. Its easy to use and to skim for topics of interest." David Hendricks, Colorado State University, USA

" provides a thorough knowledge on the chemistry of pollutants and ways to mitigate them. The narrative on Green Chemistry adds value to the book by solving case studies that guide the implementation of pollution prevention and mitigation strategies." Debalina Sengupta, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA

"Written in a simple and easy-to-read style, the book provides the essentials of treatment of inorganic waste by various technologies and provides a relative comparison of these methods. It is a valuable learning tool for students who are not exposed to this area." P A Ramachandran, Washington University at St. Louis, Missouri, USA

Preface ix
About the Authors xi
Chapter 1 The Chemical Process Design Problem
1(12)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Chemical Processes
1(2)
1.3 Process Analysis
3(1)
1.4 Process Synthesis
3(2)
1.5 Stoichiometry
5(1)
1.6 Equilibrium
6(2)
1.7 Kinetics and Reactor Design
8(1)
1.8 Green Chemistry
8(3)
1.9 About This Book
11(2)
Chapter 2 Pollution and Pollutants
13(22)
2.1 Pollutants
13(1)
2.2 Elements of Life
13(2)
2.3 Aggregate or Lumped Measurements
15(1)
2.4 Turbidity
15(1)
2.5 Color
16(1)
2.6 Odor
17(1)
2.7 Particulates and Dissolved Solids in Water
18(1)
2.8 Particulates in Air
19(1)
2.9 Dissolved Organic Matter and Natural Organic Matter
20(1)
2.10 Total Organic Carbon
20(1)
2.11 Chemical Oxygen Demand
21(1)
2.12 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
21(3)
2.13 Iron and Manganese
24(1)
2.14 Hardness, Calcium, and Magnesium
25(1)
2.15 pH
26(1)
2.16 Alkalinity
26(1)
2.17 Nitrogen
27(3)
2.18 Phosphorus
30(1)
2.19 Sulfur
30(1)
2.20 Toxic Metals
31(3)
2.21 Conclusion
34(1)
Chapter 3 Organic Pollutants
35(14)
3.1 A Brief Introduction to Naming Organic Chemicals
35(1)
3.2 Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes
35(2)
3.3 Hydrocarbons: The Alkenes
37(1)
3.4 Hydrocarbons: The Alcohols
38(1)
3.5 Organic Acids and Aldehydes
38(1)
3.6 Other Classes of Organic Molecules
39(1)
3.7 What Has Been Learned So Far?
39(1)
3.8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene and the BTEX Chemicals
40(2)
3.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
42(1)
3.10 Polychlorinated Biphenyls
42(3)
3.11 Dioxins and Furans
45(1)
3.12 Pesticides
45(2)
3.13 Solvents and Volatile Organic Chemicals
47(1)
3.14 Conclusion
47(2)
Chapter 4 Measuring Pollutants
49(16)
4.1 The Design Problem
49(1)
4.2 The Fundamental Units of Measurement
49(1)
4.3 Mass Concentration: Parts Per Million and mg/L
49(3)
4.4 Mass Percentage and Mass Fraction
52(2)
4.5 Mass Flow Rates
54(1)
4.6 Volume Fraction and Volume Concentration
55(2)
4.7 Converting Volume and Mass Concentrations in Gases
57(1)
4.8 Molar Mass and Molar Concentration
58(3)
4.9 Equivalent Weights
61(2)
4.10 Conclusion
63(2)
Chapter 5 Stoichiometry
65(14)
5.1 The Design Problem
65(1)
5.2 Elements and Compounds
65(1)
5.3 Atomic and Molecular Masses
66(2)
5.4 Stoichiometry
68(6)
5.5 Case Study: Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer
74(2)
5.6 Empirical Chemical Formulas
76(2)
5.7 Conclusion
78(1)
Chapter 6 Empirical Stoichiometry
79(28)
6.1 The Design Problem
79(1)
6.2 Empirical Stoichiometry by Experiment: Jar Tests
80(4)
6.2.1 Turbidity Removal by Coagulation/Flocculation and Settling
81(1)
6.2.2 Precipitation of Metals
82(1)
6.2.3 Breaking Emulsions of Oil and Grease
82(1)
6.2.4 pH Control and Neutralization
82(2)
6.3 Coagulation and Flocculation
84(3)
6.4 Empirical Stoichiometry: Estimating Solid Reaction Products
87(5)
6.5 Case Study: Stormwater Treatment by Coagulation
92(3)
6.6 Statistical Experimental Design for Jar Testing (and a Case Study of Emulsified Oil Removal)
95(3)
6.7 Case Study: Decolorization Experiment
98(4)
6.8 Case Study: Ethylene Glycol Factorial Experiments
102(3)
6.9 Conclusion
105(2)
Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium for Acids and Bases
107(30)
7.1 The Design Problem
107(1)
7.2 Chemical Equilibrium
107(2)
7.3 Ionization of Water
109(1)
7.4 pH
110(1)
7.5 pH Control and Neutralization
111(5)
7.6 Acid--Base Reactions
116(6)
7.7 The ICE Table and Solving Equilibrium Problems
122(6)
7.8 Chlorination
128(2)
7.9 Carbonates and Alkalinity
130(2)
7.10 Another Look at Acid--Base Equilibria Using pK Values
132(2)
7.11 Conclusion
134(3)
Chapter 8 Precipitation Reactions
137(36)
8.1 The Design Problem
137(1)
8.2 Solubility Rules: Basic Guidelines
137(1)
8.3 Solubility Products
137(6)
8.4 Inventing a Useful Precipitation Process
143(5)
8.5 Precipitating Metals as Hydroxides
148(6)
8.6 Precipitating Metals as Sulfides
154(3)
8.7 Softening
157(5)
8.8 Chemical Phosphorus Removal
162(5)
8.9 Struvite Precipitation and Nutrient Recovery
167(4)
8.10 Leaching Metals from Sludge
171(1)
8.11 Conclusion
171(2)
Chapter 9 Oxidation--Reduction Reactions
173(14)
9.1 The Design Problem
173(1)
9.2 Oxidation Numbers
173(3)
9.3 Oxidation--Reduction Reactions
176(2)
9.4 Useful Oxidation--Reduction Reactions
178(3)
9.5 Fenton's Chemistry
181(2)
9.6 Case Study: Rehabilitation of Waste Pickle Liquor
183(1)
9.7 Case Study: An Integrated Acid Recovery Process
183(3)
9.8 Conclusion
186(1)
Chapter 10 Green Chemistry
187(26)
10.1 The Design Problem
187(1)
10.2 The Principles of Green Chemistry
188(1)
10.3 Types of Chemical Reactions
189(3)
10.4 Measures of Reaction Efficiency
192(4)
10.5 Solvents
196(2)
10.6 Catalysis
198(2)
10.7 Case Study: Soda Ash Production
200(4)
10.8 Case Study: Red Mud
204(4)
10.9 Nylon and Adipic Acid Synthesis
208(3)
10.10 Conclusion
211(2)
Appendix A Atomic Numbers and Atomic Masses 213(2)
Appendix B Equivalent Weights 215(2)
Appendix C Computer Programs for Chemical Equilibrium 217(2)
References 219(4)
Index 223
Paul Mac Berthouex is Emeritus Professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He has taught a wide range of environmental engineering courses, and was twice awarded the Rudolph Hering Medal, American Society of Civil Engineers, for the most valuable contribution to the environmental branch of the engineering profession. He also served on the Government of Indias Central Pollution Control Board. He has written books on air pollution and pollution control, and has been the author or coauthor of approximately 85 articles in refereed journals.



Linfield C. Brown is Emeritus Professor of civil and environmental engineering at Tufts University. He teaches courses on water quality monitoring, water and wastewater chemistry, industrial waste treatment, and pollution prevention, and serves on the US Environmental Protection Agencys Environmental Models Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board. He is a Task Group Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers National Subcommittee on Oxygen Transfer Standards, and has served on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials.