Preface |
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About the Authors |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 The Chemical Process Design Problem |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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1.7 Kinetics and Reactor Design |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Pollution and Pollutants |
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13 | (22) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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2.3 Aggregate or Lumped Measurements |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.7 Particulates and Dissolved Solids in Water |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.9 Dissolved Organic Matter and Natural Organic Matter |
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20 | (1) |
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2.10 Total Organic Carbon |
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20 | (1) |
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2.11 Chemical Oxygen Demand |
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21 | (1) |
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2.12 Biochemical Oxygen Demand |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.14 Hardness, Calcium, and Magnesium |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 Organic Pollutants |
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35 | (14) |
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3.1 A Brief Introduction to Naming Organic Chemicals |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2 Hydrocarbons: The Alkanes |
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35 | (2) |
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3.3 Hydrocarbons: The Alkenes |
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37 | (1) |
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3.4 Hydrocarbons: The Alcohols |
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38 | (1) |
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3.5 Organic Acids and Aldehydes |
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38 | (1) |
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3.6 Other Classes of Organic Molecules |
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39 | (1) |
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3.7 What Has Been Learned So Far? |
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39 | (1) |
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3.8 Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzene and the BTEX Chemicals |
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40 | (2) |
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3.9 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
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42 | (1) |
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3.10 Polychlorinated Biphenyls |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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3.13 Solvents and Volatile Organic Chemicals |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Measuring Pollutants |
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49 | (16) |
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49 | (1) |
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4.2 The Fundamental Units of Measurement |
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49 | (1) |
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4.3 Mass Concentration: Parts Per Million and mg/L |
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49 | (3) |
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4.4 Mass Percentage and Mass Fraction |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (1) |
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4.6 Volume Fraction and Volume Concentration |
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55 | (2) |
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4.7 Converting Volume and Mass Concentrations in Gases |
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57 | (1) |
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4.8 Molar Mass and Molar Concentration |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (14) |
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65 | (1) |
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5.2 Elements and Compounds |
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65 | (1) |
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5.3 Atomic and Molecular Masses |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (6) |
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5.5 Case Study: Ammonium Sulfate Fertilizer |
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74 | (2) |
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5.6 Empirical Chemical Formulas |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Empirical Stoichiometry |
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79 | (28) |
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79 | (1) |
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6.2 Empirical Stoichiometry by Experiment: Jar Tests |
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80 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Turbidity Removal by Coagulation/Flocculation and Settling |
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81 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Precipitation of Metals |
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82 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Breaking Emulsions of Oil and Grease |
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82 | (1) |
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6.2.4 pH Control and Neutralization |
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82 | (2) |
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6.3 Coagulation and Flocculation |
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84 | (3) |
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6.4 Empirical Stoichiometry: Estimating Solid Reaction Products |
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87 | (5) |
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6.5 Case Study: Stormwater Treatment by Coagulation |
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92 | (3) |
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6.6 Statistical Experimental Design for Jar Testing (and a Case Study of Emulsified Oil Removal) |
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95 | (3) |
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6.7 Case Study: Decolorization Experiment |
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98 | (4) |
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6.8 Case Study: Ethylene Glycol Factorial Experiments |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Chemical Equilibrium for Acids and Bases |
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107 | (30) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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7.5 pH Control and Neutralization |
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111 | (5) |
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116 | (6) |
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7.7 The ICE Table and Solving Equilibrium Problems |
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122 | (6) |
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128 | (2) |
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7.9 Carbonates and Alkalinity |
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130 | (2) |
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7.10 Another Look at Acid--Base Equilibria Using pK Values |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Precipitation Reactions |
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137 | (36) |
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137 | (1) |
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8.2 Solubility Rules: Basic Guidelines |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (6) |
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8.4 Inventing a Useful Precipitation Process |
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143 | (5) |
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8.5 Precipitating Metals as Hydroxides |
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148 | (6) |
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8.6 Precipitating Metals as Sulfides |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (5) |
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8.8 Chemical Phosphorus Removal |
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162 | (5) |
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8.9 Struvite Precipitation and Nutrient Recovery |
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167 | (4) |
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8.10 Leaching Metals from Sludge |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Oxidation--Reduction Reactions |
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173 | (14) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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9.3 Oxidation--Reduction Reactions |
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176 | (2) |
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9.4 Useful Oxidation--Reduction Reactions |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (2) |
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9.6 Case Study: Rehabilitation of Waste Pickle Liquor |
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183 | (1) |
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9.7 Case Study: An Integrated Acid Recovery Process |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Green Chemistry |
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187 | (26) |
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187 | (1) |
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10.2 The Principles of Green Chemistry |
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188 | (1) |
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10.3 Types of Chemical Reactions |
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189 | (3) |
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10.4 Measures of Reaction Efficiency |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (2) |
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10.7 Case Study: Soda Ash Production |
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200 | (4) |
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204 | (4) |
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10.9 Nylon and Adipic Acid Synthesis |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (2) |
Appendix A Atomic Numbers and Atomic Masses |
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213 | (2) |
Appendix B Equivalent Weights |
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215 | (2) |
Appendix C Computer Programs for Chemical Equilibrium |
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217 | (2) |
References |
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219 | (4) |
Index |
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223 | |