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Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution: Ecological and Human Health 2nd edition [Kietas viršelis]

(Griffith University, Australia), (Griffith University, Australia)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 560 pages, weight: 1965 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Dec-2022
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119377609
  • ISBN-13: 9781119377603
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 560 pages, weight: 1965 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Dec-2022
  • Leidėjas: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1119377609
  • ISBN-13: 9781119377603
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
"The Second Edition of Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution is an update and major expansion, now covering the effects of chemical pollution on human health. The human health impacts of pollutants can be considered together with the ecosystem impacts, since the study of both have similar approaches. In addition, much can be gained by understanding the similarities and differences of the impact of pollutants on the natural environment and humans. This edition contains a comprehensive update of the content of the Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Pollution, with the addition of integrated material on human toxicology, and new chapters covering topics relevant to current pollution issues such as global warming and climate change effects. Theory and practice within chapters are strongly supported by scientific literature that reflects the global and regional nature of pollution and ecological effects, with an emphasis on North America, UK, Europe, China, India and Australia. This major updated approach also covers recent advances in environmental science, monitoring and assessment of new and emerging pollutants, risk assessment, remediation and sustainable management of pollution effects on ecosystems and human health"--

Describes the transport of pollutants through the environment and their impact on natural and human systems, fully updated to cover key topics in modern pollution science

Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution examines the interactions and adverse effects of pollution on both natural ecosystems and human health, addressing chemical, toxicological, and ecological factors at both the regional and global scale. The book is written using a conceptual framework that follows the interaction of a pollutant with the environment from distribution in the various abiotic sectors of the environment to exposure and effects on individuals and ecosystems. The authors also highlight the critical role of various socio-economic, political, and cultural aspects in achieving sustainable goals, strategies, and science-based solutions to pollution and health. This comprehensive volume covers the chemical behavior and governing principles of pollutants, their interactions with humans and ecosystems, and the methods and processes of environmental risk assessment and pollution management.

Extensively revised and expanded, the second edition equips readers with the knowledge required to help lead the way towards a healthy and sustainable future. New chapters address current pollution issues such as global warming and climate change, recent advances in environmental science, the monitoring and evaluation of new and emerging pollutants, risk assessment and remediation, and innovative pollution management approaches and techniques. With in-depth material on human toxicology integrated throughout the text, Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution:

  • Provides an effective framework for interpreting the information produced by international, national, and local agencies
  • Presents unifying theories and principles supported by up-to-date scientific literature
  • Offers broad coverage of pollution science with an emphasis on North America, the UK, Europe, China, India, and Australia
  • Discusses the similarities and differences of the impact of pollutants on the natural environment and humans

Chemistry and Toxicology of Pollution, Second Edition enables readers to view pollution in its correct perspective and develop appropriate control measures. It is essential reading for scientists, academic researchers, policymakers, professionals working in industry, and advanced students in need of a clear understanding of the nature and effects of environmental pollution.

Preface xi
How to Use this Book xiii
About the Companion Website xiv
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 Background
1(1)
1.2 Environmental Pollution
2(1)
1.3 Drivers of Environmental Pollution
2(1)
1.4 Pollution and Environmental Health
3(1)
1.5 Chemicals and Pollution
4(6)
1.6 Health and Environmental Effects of Chemicals
10(3)
1.7 Science of Pollution: Assessment and Management
13(8)
References
18(3)
2 Environmental Pollutants
21(20)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Environmental Pollutants
21(5)
2.3 Types of Pollutants
26(6)
2.4 Some Special Classes of Pollutants
32(2)
2.5 Global Production, Emissions, and Releases of Chemicals and Hazardous Wastes
34(5)
2.6 Key Points
39(2)
References
40(1)
3 Pollutants, Health, and Environment
41(22)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Environmental Health
41(1)
3.3 Disease Causation
42(2)
3.4 Environmental Pollution and Burden of Disease
44(7)
3.5 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
51(1)
3.6 Human Impacts on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
52(4)
3.7 Environmental Assessment and Management of Pollution
56(3)
3.8 Key Points
59(4)
References
60(3)
4 Chemodynamics of Pollutants
63(28)
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Some Fundamental Properties of Chemical Pollutants and Environmental Phases
63(3)
4.3 Fundamental Principles of Partition Behavior
66(1)
4.4 Relationships Describing Partition Behavior
67(1)
4.5 Partitioning Behavior in the Laboratory
68(1)
4.6 Pollutant Behavior in Different Environmental Compartments
69(3)
4.7 Models for Bioconcentration
72(2)
4.8 The Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) - Long-Range Transport
74(2)
4.9 Bioaccumulation of Metals and Metalloids
76(1)
4.10 Fate of Chemicals in the Environment
77(4)
4.11 Transport Processes: Advection, Diffusion, and Leaching
81(1)
4.12 Transformation and Degradation Processes
82(1)
4.13 Redox Conditions in the Environment
83(1)
4.14 Kinetics of Transformation and Degradation
84(1)
4.15 Acidification Processes in the Environment
85(2)
4.16 Key Points
87(4)
References
88(3)
5 Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
91(22)
5.1 Introduction
91(1)
5.2 Exposure Pathways for Humans and Natural Biota
92(2)
5.3 Toxicant Behavior in Organisms
94(1)
5.4 Relationships Between Exposure to a Toxicant as Dose or Environmental Concentration and the Resultant Biological Effects
95(7)
5.5 Models for the Distribution of Exposure Dose or Concentration
102(1)
5.6 Relationships Between Exposure Level and Exposure Time Resulting in an Adverse Effect
102(1)
5.7 Dose-Response and Dose Thresholds
103(1)
5.8 Toxicity Due to Exposure to Multiple Toxicants
104(1)
5.9 Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSARs)
104(2)
5.10 Lethal and Sublethal Effects
106(2)
5.11 Types and Classification of Toxicants
108(1)
5.12 Effects on Populations and Ecosystems
109(1)
5.13 Biomarkers
109(1)
5.14 Key Points
110(3)
References
111(2)
6 Genetic Toxicology and Endocrine Disruption: Environmental Chemicals
113(12)
6.1 Introduction
113(1)
6.2 Genome
113(1)
6.3 Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity
114(4)
6.4 Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
118(1)
6.5 Endocrine Disruption
118(4)
6.6 Key Points
122(3)
References
124(1)
7 Some Principles of Pollution Ecology and Ecotoxicology
125(18)
7.1 Introduction
125(1)
7.2 Controlling Factors in Natural and Human Systems
126(2)
7.3 Classes and General Effects of Pollutants
128(1)
7.4 Ecology of Deoxygenation and Nutrient Enrichment of Aquatic Systems
129(3)
7.5 Ecotoxicology of Toxic Substances
132(2)
7.6 Suspended Solids
134(1)
7.7 Thermal Ecology
134(1)
7.8 Pathogenic Microorganisms
135(1)
7.9 Biotic Responses to Pollution at Different Environmental Temperatures and Latitudes
135(1)
7.10 Biotic Indices
136(3)
7.11 Indicator Species, Ecological Indicator Species, Chemical Monitor Species, and Biomarkers
139(1)
7.12 Key Points
139(4)
References
140(3)
8 Pollutants in the Oceans, Estuaries, and Freshwater Systems
143(36)
8.1 Introduction
143(1)
8.2 Deoxygenating Substances
144(16)
8.3 Nutrient Enrichment and Eutrophication
160(14)
8.4 Key Points
174(5)
References
177(2)
9 Pesticides
179(52)
9.1 Introduction
179(1)
9.2 Pesticides
179(3)
9.3 Nature and Properties of Various Pesticides
182(1)
9.4 Major Groups of Pesticides
183(6)
9.5 Sources and Emissions of Pesticides
189(1)
9.6 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Pesticides
190(8)
9.7 Environmental Exposures to Pesticides
198(2)
9.8 Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation, and Excretion (ADBE) of Pesticides in Humans and Wildlife
200(4)
9.9 Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Biota
204(6)
9.10 Toxic Action of Pesticides
210(1)
9.11 Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Populations and Communities of Biota
211(5)
9.12 Human Health Effects of Pesticides
216(6)
9.13 Key Points
222(9)
References
225(6)
10 Petroleum, Coal, and Biofuels
231(24)
10.1 Introduction
231(1)
10.2 Fossil Fuels
231(4)
10.3 Biofuels
235(2)
10.4 Physiochemical Properties of Fuels and Chemical Components
237(1)
10.5 Sources, Emissions, and Releases of Petroleum-Derived Hydrocarbons
237(2)
10.6 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels
239(3)
10.7 Environmental Exposures
242(1)
10.8 Uptake, Metabolism, and Bioaccumulation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
243(1)
10.9 Environmental Toxicities of Petroleum and Biofuels
244(2)
10.10 Ecosystem Effects of Petroleum Oils
246(3)
10.11 Effects on Human Health and Ecosystem Services
249(2)
10.12 Key Points
251(4)
References
253(2)
11 Toxic Organic Pollutants
255(48)
11.1 Introduction
255(1)
11.2 Toxic Organic Chemicals
255(2)
11.3 Classification of Toxic Organic Chemicals
257(2)
11.4 Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Chemicals
259(2)
11.5 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
261(6)
11.6 Less-Persistent and Emerging Toxic Organic Chemicals
267(7)
11.7 Sources and Emissions of Toxic Organic Chemicals
274(3)
11.8 Behavior and Fate in the Environment
277(5)
11.9 Environmental Exposures to Toxic Organic Chemicals
282(2)
11.10 Biological Processes Affecting Toxic Organic Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans
284(4)
11.11 Environmental Toxicity of Organic Chemicals
288(2)
11.12 Effects of Toxic Organic Chemicals on Wildlife Populations and Communities
290(2)
11.13 Human Health Effects of Toxic Organic Chemicals
292(4)
11.14 Key Points
296(7)
References
298(5)
12 Metals
303(28)
12.1 Introduction
303(1)
12.2 Metals
303(2)
12.3 Sources and Emissions of Metals
305(1)
12.4 Behavior and Fate of Metals in the Environment
306(4)
12.5 Environmental Exposures of Metals to Organisms
310(1)
12.6 Absorption, Distribution, Transformation, and Excretion in Organisms
311(3)
12.7 Toxic Effects of Metals on Organisms
314(7)
12.8 Ecological Effects of Metals
321(1)
12.9 Human Health Effects of Metals
322(2)
12.10 Key Points
324(7)
References
326(5)
13 Air Pollutants
331(34)
13.1 Introduction
331(1)
13.2 Earth's Atmosphere
331(2)
13.3 Air Pollution, Weather, and Climate
333(1)
13.4 Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollutants
333(5)
13.5 Sources and Emissions of Air Pollutants into the Atmosphere
338(2)
13.6 Behavior and Fate of Pollutants in the Atmospheric Environment
340(7)
13.7 Exposures from Pollutants in the Atmospheric Environment
347(2)
13.8 Effects of Air Pollutants on Wildlife and Natural Systems
349(3)
13.9 Human Health Effects of Air Pollutants
352(6)
13.10 Global Impacts and Risks of Air Pollutants
358(1)
13.11 Key Points
359(6)
References
360(5)
14 Greenhouse Gases, Global Warming, and Climate Change
365(32)
14.1 Introduction
365(1)
14.2 The Greenhouse Effect
366(4)
14.3 Greenhouse Gases and Atmospheric Particles
370(3)
14.4 Sources, Emissions, and Sinks of Greenhouse Gases
373(4)
14.5 Environmental Exposures from Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases
377(1)
14.6 Greenhouse Gases, Climate Change Processes, and Metrics
377(6)
14.7 Past Climate Changes
383(2)
14.8 Observed and Projected Climate Change Impacts for the Environment and Human Health
385(5)
14.9 Global Risks from Climate Warming and Climate Change
390(1)
14.10 Key Points
391(6)
References
393(4)
15 Soil and Goundwater Pollution
397(24)
15.1 Introduction
397(1)
15.2 Soil and Groundwater Systems and Key Environmental Properties
397(3)
15.3 Types and Properties of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
400(1)
15.4 Sources and Releases of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
400(5)
15.5 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
405(6)
15.6 Exposure Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
411(1)
15.7 Biological Uptake and Bioaccumulation of Soil Contaminants
411(1)
15.8 Environmental Effects of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
412(3)
15.9 Human Health Effects of Soil and Groundwater Contaminants
415(3)
15.10 Key Points
418(3)
References
419(2)
16 Solid, Liquid, and Hazardous Wastes
421(22)
16.1 Introduction
421(1)
16.2 Wastes: Types and Hazardous Characteristics
422(1)
16.3 Waste Sources, Generation, and Emissions
423(1)
16.4 Waste Management
424(6)
16.5 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Waste Contaminants
430(1)
16.6 Exposures to Contaminants from Wastes
430(2)
16.7 Environmental Effects and Risks from Wastes
432(3)
16.8 Human Health Effects from Waste Management
435(5)
16.9 Key Points
440(3)
References
441(2)
17 Pollution Monitoring, and Assessment
443(22)
17.1 Introduction
443(1)
17.2 Monitoring Objectives
443(1)
17.3 Monitoring Strategies
444(6)
17.4 Environmental Metrics of Pollution Monitoring
450(1)
17.5 Monitoring Programs and Methods
450(7)
17.6 Remote Sensing for Pollution Monitoring
457(1)
17.7 Monitoring and Assessment of Disease Impacts From Pollution
458(2)
17.8 Key Points
460(5)
References
461(4)
18 Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
465(22)
18.1 Introduction
465(2)
18.2 Risk Assesssment Processes and Principles
467(1)
18.3 Semiquantitative Risk Assessment
468(2)
18.4 Human Health Risk Assessment
470(9)
18.5 Ecological Risk Assessment
479(3)
18.6 Risk Assessment Using Probabilistic Techniques
482(2)
18.7 Key Points
484(3)
References
485(2)
19 Management of Hazardous Chemicals
487(22)
19.1 Introduction
487(1)
19.2 Goals and Strategies for Managing Chemicals
487(2)
19.3 Collection of Data on Chemicals
489(1)
19.4 Laboratory and Field Testing of Chemicals
490(3)
19.5 Regulation and Assessment of Chemicals
493(7)
19.6 Risk Characterization Example (19.1)
500(2)
19.7 Managing Chemicals to 2020 and Beyond
502(2)
19.8 Key Points
504(5)
References
506(3)
20 Pollution: Moving Toward a Healthy and Sustainable Future
509(25)
20.1 Introduction
509(1)
20.2 Sustainability
509(8)
20.3 Pollution and Planetary Health
517(7)
20.4 Pollution, Health, and Sustainable Solutions
524(7)
20.5 Key Points
531(3)
References
532(2)
Supplementary
Chapters S21-S24 are available in the online website www.wiley.com/go/toxicologyofpollution2e
534(37)
521 Thermal Pollution
535(8)
521.1 Introduction
535(1)
521.2 Heated Effluents
535(6)
521.3 Key Points
541(2)
References
542(1)
522 Radionuclides
543(14)
522.1 Introduction to Radiation and Radionuclides
543(1)
522.2 Nuclear Energy and Reactions
544(2)
522.3 Sources and Exposures of Ionizing Radiation
546(2)
522.4 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Radionuclides
548(1)
522.5 Radiation
549(1)
522.6 Ecological Effects of Radionuclides
550(1)
522.7 Ionizing Radiation Exposures and Human Health Effects
550(3)
522.8 Key Points
553(4)
References
555(2)
523 Sediment Pollution
557(6)
523.1 Introduction
557(1)
523.2 Sediment Types and Properties
557(1)
523.3 Sources and Releases to the Environment
558(1)
523.4 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Sediments
558(1)
523.5 Environmental Effects of Sediment Pollution
559(1)
523.6 Ecological Effects of Sediments
560(3)
References
561(2)
524 Salinity
563(8)
524.1 Introduction
563(1)
524.2 Chemistry of Salinity
563(1)
524.3 Sources and Extent of Salinity
564(1)
524.4 Environmental Behavior and Fate of Salinity
565(2)
524.5 Environmental Exposures and Effects of Salinity
567(1)
524.6 Human Health Effects Due to Salinity
568(1)
524.7 Key Points
569(2)
References
569(2)
Index 571
Des W. Connell, Emeritus Professor, Griffith University, Australia and formerly Dean of the Universitys School of Australian Environmental Studies and Head of its School of Public Health. His record includes being a member of a range of government committees as well as Inaugural Chairperson of the Environment Division of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute. For his work on Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology he was made a Member of the Order of Australia, awarded a Doctor of Science from Griffith University, and received the Royal Australian Chemical Institute Environment Medal.

Greg J. Miller, Adjunct Associate Professor, Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia. Professional experience includes environmental consulting and analytical services; academic teaching and research in environmental chemistry at Griffith University, and as a State Analyst (toxicology and forensic), Queensland Health. He has also acted in various technical and advisory roles in various Local, State and Federal Government and community-related environmental issues and assessments.