|
|
xi | |
General Editors' Preface |
|
xii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xiv | |
Introduction |
|
1 | (6) |
|
1 Why focus on children's second language learning? |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
2 What age range will be covered? |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
3 What is the scope of this book on child second/third language learning? |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
Part I Background to Child Second Language Acquisition and Pedagogy |
|
|
|
1 Theories of Child Development |
|
|
7 | (30) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.2 Piaget's theory of child development |
|
|
8 | (8) |
|
1.2.1 Piaget's stages of development |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
1.2.2 Criticism of Piaget |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
1.3 Vygotsky's theory of development |
|
|
16 | (5) |
|
1.4 The information processing (IP) approach |
|
|
21 | (11) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
1.4.2 Processing capacity and memory store |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
1.4.4 Mental representations |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
27 | (4) |
|
1.4.6 Knowledge about thinking and the mind |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
1.5 Emotional development |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
1.5.1 Emotions and sense of self |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
2 Language Learning Processes in Childhood: First and Second Languages |
|
|
37 | (29) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
2.2 First language acquisition in childhood |
|
|
37 | (12) |
|
|
38 | (5) |
|
2.2.2 Primary school years |
|
|
43 | (4) |
|
2.2.3 Post-primary school years |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
2.3 Second language acquisition in childhood |
|
|
49 | (15) |
|
2.3.1 Critical Period Hypothesis |
|
|
49 | (4) |
|
2.3.2 Rate of development: older learners' advantage? |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
2.3.3 Ultimate attainment: younger learners' advantage? |
|
|
57 | (7) |
|
|
64 | (2) |
|
3 Contexts for Language Acquisition in Childhood |
|
|
66 | (29) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
3.2 Early infant bilingualism |
|
|
67 | (7) |
|
3.2.1 Processes of early infant bilingualism |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
3.2.2 Early infant bilingual contexts |
|
|
70 | (4) |
|
3.3 Additive bilingualism |
|
|
74 | (10) |
|
3.3.1 Processes of child second language acquisition |
|
|
75 | (5) |
|
3.3.2 Immersion education |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
3.4 Processes of multilingual acquisition |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
3.4.1 Multilingual contexts |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
3.5 Learning foreign languages |
|
|
86 | (5) |
|
3.5.1 Benefits of learning foreign languages in childhood |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (4) |
|
Part II Overview of Research Studies |
|
|
|
4 Child SLA and Pedagogy: A Broad Overview of Approaches to Research |
|
|
95 | (55) |
|
|
95 | (6) |
|
4.2 Experimental studies: treatments in the classroom |
|
|
101 | (8) |
|
4.3 Comparing different treatments |
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
4.4 Comparing age groups, adults and children, and bilingual/monolingual children |
|
|
113 | (8) |
|
4.5 Individual cases of children and small groups |
|
|
121 | (7) |
|
4.6 Children's perceptions, views and opinions |
|
|
128 | (7) |
|
4.7 Primary-level language teachers |
|
|
135 | (7) |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
4.9 Future directions for research |
|
|
145 | (5) |
|
5 Case Studies: Interactions between Research and Practice |
|
|
150 | (51) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (46) |
|
5.2.1 Case study 1 Philp, Oliver and Mackey (2006): experimental and comparative |
|
|
150 | (8) |
|
5.2.2 Case study 2 Llinares Garcia (2007): experimental and comparative |
|
|
158 | (5) |
|
5.2.3 Case study 3 Bongartz and Schneider (2003): focus on individual learners |
|
|
163 | (9) |
|
5.2.4 Case study 4 Swain and Lapkin (2003): focus on individual learners |
|
|
172 | (5) |
|
5.2.5 Case study 5 Lan and Oxford (2003): eliciting children's views |
|
|
177 | (5) |
|
5.2.6 Case study 6 Nagy (2009): eliciting children's views |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
5.2.7 Case study 7 Peng and Zhang (2009): focus on teachers |
|
|
185 | (6) |
|
5.2.8 Case study 8 Devlieger and Goossens (2007): focus on teachers |
|
|
191 | (5) |
|
|
196 | (5) |
|
Part III Issues in Future Research and Practice |
|
|
|
6 Exploring Ethical and Methodological Issues in Research with Children |
|
|
201 | (23) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
6.2 The researcher's own conception of childhood |
|
|
202 | (4) |
|
6.3 Ethics in child-focussed research |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
6.4 Methodological concerns: gaining data from children |
|
|
211 | (7) |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 Working with groups or individuals |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
6.4.3 `Child-friendly' research instruments |
|
|
213 | (5) |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
|
220 | (4) |
|
7 Some Feasible Studies for Future Research |
|
|
224 | (29) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
7.2 Selecting project ideas |
|
|
224 | (2) |
|
7.3 Classroom experiments |
|
|
226 | (4) |
|
7.4 Documenting children's language learning and growing awareness over time |
|
|
230 | (8) |
|
7.5 Eliciting children's voices about their language learning |
|
|
238 | (6) |
|
|
244 | (5) |
|
|
249 | (4) |
|
|
|
8 Resources in Child SLA and Pedagogy |
|
|
253 | (14) |
|
8.1 Hands-on teaching materials |
|
|
253 | (2) |
|
8.2 Resources integrating research with practice |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
8.3 Research-focussed books related to child SLA, the `age factor' and language policy in different contexts |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
8.4 Child development and L1 acquisition |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
8.5 Bilingual/multilingual upbringing and development |
|
|
258 | (2) |
|
8.6 Child-friendly research methods |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
8.8 Tests and examinations for children |
|
|
262 | (2) |
|
8.9 Organisations and projects |
|
|
264 | (3) |
References |
|
267 | (26) |
Index |
|
293 | |