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El. knyga: Christianizing Egypt: Syncretism and Local Worlds in Late Antiquity

4.07/5 (16 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: 336 pages
  • Serija: Martin Classical Lectures
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Dec-2017
  • Leidėjas: Princeton University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400888009
  • Formatas: 336 pages
  • Serija: Martin Classical Lectures
  • Išleidimo metai: 05-Dec-2017
  • Leidėjas: Princeton University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400888009

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How does a culture become Christian, especially one that is heir to such ancient traditions and spectacular monuments as Egypt? This book offers a new model for envisioning the process of Christianization by looking at the construction of Christianity in the various social and creative worlds active in Egyptian culture during late antiquity.

As David Frankfurter shows, members of these different social and creative worlds came to create different forms of Christianity according to their specific interests, their traditional idioms, and their sense of what the religion could offer. Reintroducing the term “syncretism” for the inevitable and continuous process by which a religion is acculturated, the book addresses the various formations of Egyptian Christianity that developed in the domestic sphere, the worlds of holy men and saints’ shrines, the work of craftsmen and artisans, the culture of monastic scribes, and the reimagination of the landscape itself, through processions, architecture, and the potent remains of the past.

Drawing on sermons and magical texts, saints’ lives and figurines, letters and amulets, and comparisons with Christianization elsewhere in the Roman empire and beyond, Christianizing Egypt reconceives religious change—from the “conversion” of hearts and minds to the selective incorporation and application of strategies for protection, authority, and efficacy, and for imagining the environment.

Recenzijos

"Winner of the Philip Schaff Prize, American Society of Church History" "One of Choice Reviews' Outstanding Academic Titles of 2018" "Outstanding. . . . The thesis is interesting [ and] the evidence effective. . . . Agree or disagree with Frankfurter's central claims, Christianizing Egypt may become a methodological must-read for anyone working in pre-modern Christianity."---Zachary B. Smith, Reading Religion "Christianizing Egypt is a thoughtful and exceptionally valuable study, with implications that go far beyond either Egypt or Late Antiquity. . . . An excellent book."---Philip Jenkins, Journal of Church and State "A carefully nuanced and illuminating anaylsis of the mixture of religious traditions in late ancient Egypt, as traditional religions were slowly giving way to the spread of Christianity. . . . Deeply thought provoking." * Choice * "Christianizing Egypt builds on David Frankfurters career working on the religious history of Roman and late antique Egypt and his deep knowledge of the Egyptian sources, material and literary alike, from hagiographical texts and sermons (in both Coptic and Greek) to terracotta figurines and amulets. The contribution this book makes to describing, analysing and interpreting religious change and process is very valuable indeed. There is much in this book for those interested in questions of religious change far beyond the confines of late antique Egypt."---Lucy Grig, Times Literary Supplement "A sophisticated and thought-provoking study of Christianization in Egypt that offers as much to the scholar of religion as it does the historian of ancient Christianity."---Michael Beshay, Bryn Mawr Classical Review "Frankfurter has constructed a model of Christianization that allows him to read these activities as representative of religious processes writ large while still retaining the nuance and specificity of a particular time, place, and religious sensibility. He argues persuasively."---Dana Robinson, Church History and Religious Culture "The work nicely demonstrates the extraordinary range of objects, including texts, uniquely preserved in Egypt, and draws together the evidence for study in a compelling and highly readable exposition. F.s systematic reappraisal of what it was to be Christian and his deep and critical reading of material sources are especially laudable."---Elisabeth R. OConnell, Journal of Roman Studies "A deeply stimulating, thought-provoking book which should be on the radar of every researcher of religion in late ancient Egypt."---Dylan M. Burns, Vigiliae Christianae "Christianizing Egypt is a great, uncommon, and thought-provoking book."---Anne Marie Yasin, Journal of Early Christian Studies "A rich and compelling examination of processes of religious change. . . . Frankfurters book presents a forceful argument for a revision of our approaches to the mechanisms of Christianization, destabilizing what we mean when we speak of a Christianized community or landscape."---Francoise Dunand, History of Religions "Frankfurters learning is wide and deep . . . and his writing is consistently lucid. . . . A rewarding contribution to our understanding of religious change in the late ancient Mediterranean world."---James Rives, ARYS "Frankfurter has invigorated a line of scholarly inquiry that marries material culture and textual study."---C.L. Buckner, Journal of Orthodox Christian Studies

List of Illustrations
xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations xix
1 Remodeling The Christianization Of Egypt
1(33)
I Overture
1(2)
II Historical Setting
3(4)
III The Problem of "Pagan Survivals"
7(8)
IV Syncretism and Purification
15(5)
V Agency, Gesture, and Landscape
20(4)
VI Social Sites and Religious Worlds of Syncretism in Late Antique Egypt
24(7)
VII Postscript on Comparison and the Scope of Argument
31(3)
2 Domestic Devotion And Religious Change Traditions Of The Domestic Sphere
34(35)
I Overture
34(4)
II Defining the Domestic Sphere and Its Religious Character in Late Antique Egypt
38(6)
III Christianization and the Imagination of New Boundaries
44(4)
IV The Domestic World as Site of Religious Bricolage
48(6)
V Domestic Ritual, Domestic Agents, and the Syncretic Construction of Christianity
54(10)
A Lamp-lighting SS B Bread Stamps
55(1)
C Domestic Charms and Their Dramatis Personae
56(2)
D Female Figurines and the Ambiguity of Representation
58(3)
E Amulets, Curses, Saintly Blessings, and Votive Donations
61(3)
VI Agents of the Domestic Sphere: Gender and Creative Independence
64(4)
VII Conclusion
68(1)
3 Controller Of Demons, Dispenser Of Blessings Traditions Of The Holy Man As Craftsman Of Local Christianity
69(35)
I Introduction: Saints and Syncretism
69(5)
II Implications of Classification: From "Saint" to "Regional Prophet"
74(2)
III Exorcism and the Reordering of Tradition
76(11)
A Reordering Perceptions of Evil
78(2)
B Exorcism and Charisma
80(5)
C Demonology as Preservation
85(2)
IV Holy Men in the Egyptian Landscape
87(13)
A Divination and the Definition of New Centers
87(3)
B Ritual and the Egyptian Environment
90(2)
C Syncretism and the Dispensing of Materials
92(8)
V Conclusion
100(4)
4 A Site Of Blessings, Dreams, And Wonders Traditions Of The Saint S Shrine
104(41)
I Introduction
104(4)
II The Saint's Shrine as Social Site
108(3)
III Gestures
111(3)
IV Collective Expressions: Festivals and Their Gestures
114(12)
A Festival Hilarity and Control
114(4)
B Processions
118(2)
C Animal Slaughter and Feasting
120(2)
D Dance
122(4)
V Individual Expressions: Imprecation, Contact, Votive
126(4)
VI Divination
130(8)
VII Possession and the Performance of Spirits and Saintly Power
138(6)
VIII Conclusion
144(1)
5 The Magic Of Craft Traditions Of The Workshop And The Construction Of Efficacy
145(39)
I Introduction: Art and Efficacy
145(6)
II Workshops in Late Antique Egypt
151(9)
III Examples
160(21)
A Stonecarvers
160(2)
B Potters and Terracotta Artisans
162(5)
C Painters
167(4)
D Textile Weavers
171(5)
E The Mortuary Craft
176(5)
IV Conclusion
181(3)
6 Scribality And Syncretism Traditions Of Writing And The Book
184(49)
I Introduction
184(2)
II Scribality at the Shrines of the Saints
186(3)
III Monastic Scribes and the Mediation of Christianity
189(8)
A Monastic Libraries and Eclectic Scribes
190(2)
B Monastic Settings of Scribal Mediation
192(5)
IV Scribes and the Magic of Word and Song
197(14)
V The Recollection of Literary Traditions through the Scribal Craft
211(17)
A The Land of Egypt Oracle
212(6)
B Images of Amente and Its Demons
218(1)
1 The Media Of Amente In Late Antique Egypt
219(3)
2 The Coptic Amente Mythology: Earlier Egyptian And Jewish Apocalyptic Traditions
222(4)
3 Apocalyptic Interpretation In Egypt And The Integration Of Egyptian Traditions
226(2)
VI Conclusion
228(5)
7 Whispering Spirits, Holy Processions Traditions Of The Egyptian Landscape
233(24)
I Introduction: Religious Landscape and Christianization
233(4)
II Temples and Churches
237(5)
III Habitats and Haunts of Spirits
242(6)
IV Procession and the Perception of Landscape
248(5)
V Inventing and Envisioning a Sacred Landscape
253(3)
VI Conclusion
256(1)
Afterword 257(6)
Bibliography 263(46)
Illustration Credits 309(2)
Index 311
David Frankfurter is professor of religion at Boston University and a scholar of early Christianity whose specialties include apocalyptic literature, magical texts, demonology, popular religion, and Egypt in the Roman and late antique periods. He is the author of Religion in Roman Egypt: Assimilation and Resistance and Evil Incarnate: Rumors of Demonic Conspiracy and Satanic Abuse in History (both Princeton). Each won an Award for Excellence in the Study of Religion from the American Academy of Religion.