Acknowledgements |
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xii | |
Introduction |
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xiii | |
Glossary of terms, acronyms, and abbreviations |
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xvi | |
Glossary of recording attributes |
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xviii | |
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1 | (34) |
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1 Acoustics and the recording venue |
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3 | (10) |
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1.1 Brief introduction to room acoustics |
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3 | (5) |
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1.2 What to be aware of when looking at a venue |
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8 | (2) |
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1.3 What can you do to help with poor acoustics? |
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10 | (3) |
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2 Studio techniques and working on location |
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13 | (22) |
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13 | (2) |
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2.2 Practicalities at the recording venue |
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15 | (3) |
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2.3 Rigging microphones and running cables |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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2.5 Studio communications: talkback, telephones, and cue lights |
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23 | (2) |
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2.6 Optimising recording workflow |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (7) |
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35 | (264) |
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3 Basic two-microphone stereo techniques |
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37 | (6) |
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3.1 Co-incident microphone techniques |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3 Spaced and angled cardioids |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (23) |
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4.1 Classical guitar and flamenco guitar |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (5) |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (24) |
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5.1 The nature of the sound of a piano |
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66 | (2) |
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5.2 The physical layout of a grand piano |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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72 | (1) |
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5.5 Recording a solo piano: the spaced pair |
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73 | (6) |
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5.6 The Decca piano technique |
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79 | (4) |
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5.7 Techniques for other scenarios |
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83 | (3) |
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5.8 Practical issues when recording pianos |
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86 | (4) |
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6 Voice: solo and accompanied |
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90 | (19) |
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6.1 The singer in a recording session |
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90 | (1) |
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6.2 The classical voice and microphone placement |
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90 | (2) |
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6.3 Using two microphones on the voice |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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6.6 Concert recording layout |
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97 | (2) |
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6.7 Studio recording and reverse concert positions |
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99 | (4) |
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6.8 Classical voice and lute/theorbo/guitar |
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103 | (5) |
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6.9 Mixing and fader riding for a singer |
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108 | (1) |
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7 Solo instruments and piano |
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109 | (19) |
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7.1 Violin and piano in concert |
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110 | (3) |
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7.2 Violin and piano: studio layout |
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113 | (4) |
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7.3 Cello and piano in concert |
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117 | (2) |
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7.4 Cello and piano: studio layout |
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119 | (4) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (22) |
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8.1 What is the Decca Tree? |
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128 | (1) |
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8.2 The three- and five-microphone trees |
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129 | (7) |
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8.3 The four-microphone Decca Tree |
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136 | (1) |
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8.4 Microphones for the Decca Tree |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (3) |
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8.6 Notes on the evolution of the Decca Tree |
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145 | (5) |
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150 | (32) |
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9.1 What do we mean by `ancillary'? |
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150 | (1) |
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9.2 Perception of orchestral depth and perspective |
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150 | (2) |
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9.3 General notes on placement of ancillary microphones |
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152 | (2) |
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9.4 Panning and levels of ancillary microphones |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (6) |
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161 | (7) |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (2) |
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9.9 Other string sectional microphones |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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10 Surround sound techniques |
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182 | (11) |
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10.1 Purpose of surround sound in classical music recording |
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182 | (1) |
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10.2 Panning a Decca Tree in 5.1 surround |
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183 | (2) |
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10.3 Natural reverberation: additional microphones for 5.1 surround |
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185 | (4) |
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10.4 Artificial reverberation in 5.1 surround |
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189 | (1) |
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10.5 Offstage effects in surround: location of sources behind the listener |
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190 | (1) |
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10.6 Object-based audio: Dolby Atmos |
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190 | (3) |
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11 Solo instruments and orchestra |
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193 | (18) |
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11.1 Piano concerto: studio layouts |
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193 | (6) |
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11.2 Single piano concerto: concert layout |
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199 | (1) |
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11.3 Piano concerto conducted from the keyboard |
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200 | (3) |
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11.4 A note on the size of the grand piano |
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203 | (1) |
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11.5 Violin concerto: studio layouts |
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203 | (2) |
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11.6 Violin concerto: concert layout |
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205 | (1) |
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11.7 Wind concertos: studio and concert layouts |
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205 | (1) |
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11.8 Cello concerto: studio and concert layouts |
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206 | (1) |
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11.9 Guitar concerto: studio layout |
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207 | (1) |
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11.10 Brass concertos: studio and concert layouts |
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208 | (2) |
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11.11 Percussion concertos |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (19) |
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12.1 String quartet in studio layout |
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211 | (6) |
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12.2 String quartet in concert |
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217 | (1) |
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12.3 Piano quintet: studio and concert techniques |
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217 | (4) |
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12.4 Piano quintet: reverse-seated studio position |
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221 | (1) |
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12.5 Piano trio: studio and concert techniques |
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221 | (4) |
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12.6 Small wind ensembles: studio or concert layout |
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225 | (5) |
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13 Wind, brass, and percussion bands |
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230 | (11) |
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13.1 A note about dynamic range and ear protection |
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230 | (1) |
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13.2 Large wind ensembles |
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230 | (2) |
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13.3 Classical brass ensemble |
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232 | (5) |
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237 | (3) |
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13.5 Percussion ensembles |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (11) |
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14.1 Brief introduction to the pipe organ |
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241 | (1) |
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14.2 Doing a venue reconnoitre |
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242 | (1) |
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14.3 Microphone choices, stands, and cable runs |
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242 | (1) |
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14.4 Basic technique: straightforward organ layout |
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243 | (1) |
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14.5 Organs with pipe divisions in several locations |
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244 | (2) |
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14.6 Interesting acoustic effects and other awkward corners |
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246 | (1) |
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14.7 Monitoring limitations |
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247 | (1) |
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14.8 Communication: talk microphone |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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14.11 Organ with orchestra: overdubbing or simultaneous recording |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (22) |
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15.1 General notes on microphone choice and placement |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (7) |
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259 | (6) |
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15.5 Choral society with soloists and organ in concert |
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265 | (3) |
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15.6 Antiphonal church choir |
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268 | (6) |
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16 Solo voice, orchestra, and choir |
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274 | (25) |
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274 | (5) |
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16.2 Orchestra and choir with stationary soloists |
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279 | (9) |
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16.3 Recording live opera for cinema, DVD, TV, radio, or CD |
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288 | (1) |
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16.4 Recording live opera at the Royal Opera House: microphone set-ups |
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289 | (4) |
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16.5 Mixing opera to 5.1 surround for cinema |
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293 | (6) |
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PART III After the recording session |
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299 | (48) |
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301 | (12) |
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17.1 Choosing and blending microphone sources into a static balance |
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301 | (3) |
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17.2 Riding levels on ancillary microphones |
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304 | (1) |
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17.3 Use of EQ and high-pass filters |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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17.5 Reverb: natural and artificial |
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307 | (4) |
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17.6 Riding overall levels |
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311 | (2) |
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18 Editing and post-production |
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313 | (22) |
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18.1 Aims and philosophy of editing |
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313 | (1) |
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18.2 Requirements of a classical editing system |
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314 | (1) |
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18.3 Source-destination editing |
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315 | (3) |
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18.4 Classical post-production workflow |
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318 | (1) |
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18.5 Refining edits: how to solve problems and maintain musical flow |
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319 | (10) |
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18.6 Notes on working with different instruments |
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329 | (2) |
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18.7 Overdubbing scenarios |
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331 | (1) |
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18.8 Emergency measures: sampling piano notes and note removal |
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332 | (2) |
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18.9 Professional finish: joining into room tone |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (12) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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19.3 Tops and tails: room tone, breaths, noises, and fades |
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337 | (5) |
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19.4 Levels between tracks, compression, and loudness meters |
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342 | (2) |
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19.5 Placing track markers for CD mastering |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (38) |
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Appendix 1 Opera recording: practices at Decca from the 1950s to the 1990s |
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349 | (11) |
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Appendix 2 Cheaper alternatives to classic microphones |
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360 | (5) |
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Appendix 3 Original session set-up sheets |
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365 | (18) |
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Appendix 4 Orchestral layout notation |
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383 | (2) |
Bibliography and further reading |
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385 | (2) |
Index |
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387 | |