Preface |
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xix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
About the Authors |
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xxiii | |
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PART I INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY |
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1 | (84) |
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Chapter 1 A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory: The Early Years |
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3 | (42) |
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4 | (3) |
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Premodern Sociological Theory |
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7 | (3) |
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Social Forces in the Development of Sociological Theory |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Capitalism |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Intellectual Forces and the Rise of Sociological Theory |
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13 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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The Conservative Reaction to the Enlightenment |
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15 | (1) |
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The Development of French Sociology |
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15 | (6) |
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Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) |
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16 | (1) |
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Claude Henri Saint-Simon (1760-1825) |
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17 | (1) |
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Auguste Comte (1798-1857) |
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17 | (2) |
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Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Development of German Sociology |
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21 | (5) |
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The Roots and Nature of the Theories of Karl Marx (1818-1883) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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Marx, Hegel, and Feuerbach |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Roots and Nature of the Theories of Max Weber (1864-1920) and Georg Simmel (1858-1918) |
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26 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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Other Influences on Weber |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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The Acceptance of Weber's Theory |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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The Origins of British Sociology |
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32 | (6) |
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Political Economy, Ameliorism, and Social Evolution |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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The Reaction against Spencer in Britain |
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36 | (1) |
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Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) |
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36 | (2) |
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The Key Figure in Early Italian Sociology |
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38 | (1) |
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Non-European Classical Theory |
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39 | (2) |
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The Contemporary Relevance of Classical Sociological Theory |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 A Historical Sketch of Sociological Theory: The Later Years |
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45 | (40) |
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Early American Sociological Theory |
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47 | (12) |
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47 | (1) |
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Social Change and Intellectual Currents |
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47 | (1) |
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Herbert Spencer's Influence on Sociology |
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48 | (2) |
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Thorstein Vebten 11857-19291 |
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50 | (1) |
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Joseph Schumpeter 11883-19501 |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (5) |
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The Waning of Chicago Sociology |
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56 | (1) |
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Women in Early American Sociology |
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57 | (1) |
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The Du Bois-Atlanta School |
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58 | (1) |
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Sociological Theory to Midcentury |
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59 | (6) |
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The Rise of Harvard, the Ivy League, and Structural Functionalism |
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59 | (1) |
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Talcott Parsons [ 1902-19791 |
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59 | (2) |
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George Homans (1910-19891 |
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61 | (1) |
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Developments in Marxian Theory |
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62 | (3) |
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Karl Mannheim and the Sociology of Knowledge |
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65 | (1) |
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Sociological Theory from Midcentury |
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65 | (10) |
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Structural Functionalism: Peak and Decline |
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65 | (1) |
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Radical Sociology in America: C. Wright Mills |
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66 | (1) |
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The Development of Conflict Theory |
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66 | (2) |
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The Birth of Exchange Theory |
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68 | (1) |
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Dramaturgical Analysis: The Work of Erving Goffman |
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69 | (1) |
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The Development of Sociologies of Everyday Life |
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69 | (1) |
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Phenomenotogical Sociology and the Work of Alfred Schutz 11899-19591 |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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The Challenge of Feminist Theory |
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72 | (1) |
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Theories of Race and Colonialism |
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73 | (1) |
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Structuralism and Poststructuralism |
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74 | (1) |
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Late Twentieth-Century Integrative Theory |
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75 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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Agency-Structure Integration |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Theories of Modernity and Postmodernity |
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77 | (2) |
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The Defenders of Modernity |
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77 | (1) |
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The Proponents of Postmodernity |
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78 | (1) |
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Social Theory in the Twenty-First Century |
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79 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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Theories of Globalization |
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80 | (1) |
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Theories of Science, Technology, and Society |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (3) |
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PART II CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY |
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85 | (420) |
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Chapter 3 Alexis de Tocqueville |
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87 | (24) |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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The Sociology in Tocqueville's Work |
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95 | (7) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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The Key Sociological Problem(s) |
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102 | (3) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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Freedom, Democracy, and Socialism |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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Contemporary Applications |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (22) |
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Comte's Profound Ambitions |
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111 | (6) |
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Positivism: The Search for Invariant Laws |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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Positivism: The Search for Order and Progress |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (7) |
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117 | (1) |
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The Individual in Comte's Theory |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (4) |
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Who Will Support Positivism? |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions |
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127 | (1) |
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Criticisms and Contributions |
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128 | (4) |
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129 | (1) |
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Basic Weaknesses in Comte's Theory |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Herbert Spencer |
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133 | (22) |
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134 | (3) |
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General Theoretical Principles |
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137 | (2) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (4) |
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Defining the Science of Sociology |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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Difficulties Facing Sociology |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (6) |
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Simple and Compounded Societies |
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146 | (1) |
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Militant and Industrial Societies |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (3) |
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Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (34) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (7) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (2) |
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The Structures of Capitalist Society |
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167 | (8) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Capital, Capitalists, and the Proletariat |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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Capitalism as a Good Thing |
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175 | (1) |
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Materialist Conception of History |
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175 | (2) |
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Cultural Aspects of Capitalist Society |
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177 | (4) |
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177 | (1) |
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Freedom, Equality, and Ideology |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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Marx's Economics: A Case Study |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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Contemporary Applications |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (36) |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (8) |
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Material and Nonmaterial Social Facts |
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194 | (1) |
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Types of Nonmaterial Social Facts |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Collective Representations |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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The Division of Labor in Society |
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199 | (6) |
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Mechanical and Organic Solidarity |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Repressive and Restitutive Law |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (5) |
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The Four Types of Suicide |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Suicide Rates and Social Reform |
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209 | (1) |
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The Elementary Forms of Religious Life |
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210 | (7) |
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Early and Late Durkheimian Theory |
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210 | (1) |
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Theory of Religion---The Sacred and the Profane |
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211 | (1) |
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Beliefs, Rituals, and Church |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Categories of Understanding |
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216 | (1) |
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Moral Education and Social Reform |
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217 | (3) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Occupational Associations |
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219 | (1) |
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|
220 | (2) |
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Contemporary Applications |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (44) |
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226 | (10) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (29) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Types of Authority and the "Real World" |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
|
Formal and Substantive Rationality |
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249 | (1) |
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Rationalization in Various Social Settings |
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250 | (6) |
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Religion and the Rise of Capitalism |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (3) |
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Religion and Capitalism in China |
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262 | (2) |
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Religion and Capitalism in India |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
|
Contemporary Applications |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (32) |
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270 | (5) |
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Levels and Areas of Concern |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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More-Life and More-Than-Life |
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274 | (1) |
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Individual Consciousness and Individuality |
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275 | (1) |
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Social Interaction ("Association") |
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276 | (6) |
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Interaction: Forms and Types |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Social Structures and Worlds |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (3) |
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286 | (6) |
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287 | (1) |
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Money, Reification, and Rationalization |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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Secrecy: A Case Study in Simmel's Sociology |
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292 | (4) |
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Secrecy and Social Relationships |
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294 | (1) |
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Other Thoughts on Secrecy |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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Contemporary Applications |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Early Women Sociologists and Classical Sociological Theory: 1830-1930 |
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301 | (38) |
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Patricia Madoo Lengermann Gillian Niebrugge |
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Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) |
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304 | (5) |
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The Social Role of the Sociologist |
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306 | (1) |
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The Organization of Society |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-19351 |
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309 | (6) |
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The Organization of Society |
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309 | (1) |
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The Sexuo-Economic Relation |
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309 | (3) |
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Origins of Gender Stratification |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Public and Private Spheres |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Jane Addams (1860-1935) and the Chicago Women's School |
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315 | (10) |
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The Social Role of the Sociologist |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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The Organization of Society |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (2) |
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The Chicago Women's School |
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322 | (1) |
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The Organization of Society and Social Rote of the Sociologist |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Collective Action and Social Change |
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323 | (2) |
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Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964) and Ida Wells-Barnett (1862-1931) |
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325 | (4) |
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325 | (2) |
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The Lens of Race Relations |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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Intersections: Race, Gender, Class |
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328 | (1) |
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The Organization of Society |
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328 | (1) |
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Vantage Point and "the Singing Something" |
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329 | (1) |
|
Marianne Schnitger Weber (1870-1954) |
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329 | (3) |
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330 | (1) |
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Gender and Power: Authority and Autonomy |
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330 | (1) |
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Gender and Culture: Objective Culture, Personal Culture, and the "Middle Ground of Daily Life" |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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Beatrice Potter Webb (1858-1943) |
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332 | (3) |
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Method: Natural Experiments |
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333 | (1) |
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Social Change: Permeation |
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334 | (1) |
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The Social Role of the Sociologist |
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334 | (1) |
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Contemporary Applications |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 W. E. B. Du Bois |
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339 | (24) |
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341 | (4) |
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341 | (2) |
|
German Historicism and Romanticism |
|
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
|
Studying Race Scientifically: The Philadelphia Negro |
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345 | (6) |
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348 | (1) |
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Social Inequality: Caste and Class |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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Appeal to White Self-Interest |
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350 | (1) |
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Theoretical Contributions |
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351 | (6) |
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351 | (3) |
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354 | (2) |
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Double Consciousness or "Twoness" |
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|
356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
|
Karl Marx, Socialism, and Communism |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
Contemporary Applications |
|
|
361 | (1) |
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|
362 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 Thorstein Veblen |
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|
363 | (24) |
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363 | (4) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (5) |
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367 | (3) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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|
372 | (12) |
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Theory of the Leisure Class |
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|
372 | (2) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (2) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (2) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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The Impact of Industry and the Machine on Society |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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|
383 | (1) |
|
Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
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|
384 | (1) |
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|
385 | (2) |
|
Chapter 13 Joseph Schumpeter |
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|
387 | (20) |
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|
387 | (4) |
|
Schumpeter's Broader Economic Theory |
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|
391 | (3) |
|
Toward a More Dynamic Theory of the Economy |
|
|
394 | (3) |
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|
397 | (6) |
|
Marx, Weber, and Rationalization |
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|
399 | (4) |
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|
403 | (1) |
|
Contemporary Applications |
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|
404 | (1) |
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|
405 | (2) |
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|
407 | (26) |
|
The Sociology of Knowledge |
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|
408 | (10) |
|
The Sociology of Knowledge and the Theory of Ideology |
|
|
408 | (1) |
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|
409 | (2) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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|
412 | (1) |
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|
413 | (1) |
|
A Sociology of the Sociology of Knowledge |
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|
414 | (1) |
|
Relativism and Relationism |
|
|
415 | (1) |
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|
416 | (1) |
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|
417 | (1) |
|
Steps in Practicing the Sociology of Knowledge |
|
|
418 | (1) |
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|
418 | (6) |
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|
418 | (2) |
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|
420 | (3) |
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|
423 | (1) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Rationality and the Irrationality of the Times |
|
|
424 | (5) |
|
Types of Rationality and Irrationality |
|
|
426 | (3) |
|
Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
Chapter 15 George Herbert Mead |
|
|
433 | (24) |
|
|
434 | (4) |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
The Priority of the Social |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Mental Processes and the Mind |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (6) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
447 | (3) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
454 | (3) |
|
|
457 | (24) |
|
The Ideas of Edmund Husserl |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
Science and the Social World |
|
|
461 | (4) |
|
Life-World versus Science |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
Typifications and Recipes |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Private Components of Knowledge |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Realms of the Social World |
|
|
470 | (5) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (2) |
|
Mitwelt and They Relations |
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
Consciousness, Meanings, and Motives |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
Chapter 17 Talcott Parsons |
|
|
481 | (24) |
|
Parsons's Integrative Efforts |
|
|
481 | (3) |
|
|
484 | (8) |
|
Philosophical and Theoretical Roots |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
The Turn Away from Action Theory |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Motivational Orientations |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Consistency in Parsonsian Theory: Integration and Order |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
492 | (8) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Actors and the Social System |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Change and Dynamism in Parsonsian Theory |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Generalized Media of Interchange |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Criticisms and Contemporary Applications |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
503 | (2) |
References |
|
505 | (48) |
Name Index |
|
553 | (12) |
Subject Index |
|
565 | |