| Contributors |
|
xv | |
| Foreword |
|
xix | |
| Preface |
|
xxi | |
| Extract from the preface to the first edition |
|
xxiii | |
|
Part One Environmental Health -- Definition and Organization |
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1 | (132) |
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Introduction to environmental health |
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3 | (19) |
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Definitions and principles of environmental health |
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4 | (2) |
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The principles of environmental health |
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6 | (2) |
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The agenda for environmental health |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (4) |
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The skills and expertise of environmental health practice |
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14 | (7) |
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An objective for environmental health |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Historical development of environmental health in the United Kingdom |
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22 | (36) |
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22 | (1) |
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The Agricultural Revolution (1700--75) |
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23 | (1) |
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The industrial revolution |
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23 | (2) |
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The Royal Commission on Child Labour |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Royal Commission on the Poor Laws |
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26 | (1) |
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The Royal Commission on the Health of Towns |
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27 | (1) |
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The Clauses Acts and private legislation |
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27 | (1) |
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The Public Health Act 1848 |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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The General Board of Health |
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30 | (1) |
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Communicable diseases to 1900 |
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30 | (1) |
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The adulteration of food to 1900 |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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The emergence of a Central Pollution Inspectorate |
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34 | (1) |
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Occupational health to 1900 |
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35 | (1) |
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Constitutional and institutional developments |
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36 | (1) |
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The notification of communicable diseases |
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37 | (1) |
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Registration of births and deaths |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Communicable diseases since 1900 |
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38 | (2) |
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Treatment of communicable diseases |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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Occupational health and safety since 1900 |
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45 | (3) |
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Air pollution control since 1900 |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution |
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51 | (1) |
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Professional relationships |
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51 | (1) |
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The development of local government |
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52 | (1) |
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Changes and challenges, 1974--2000 |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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The organization of environmental health in the United Kingdom |
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58 | (46) |
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58 | (1) |
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Local government in the United Kingdom |
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58 | (2) |
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Central government, departments and agencies |
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60 | (2) |
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Functions of central government |
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62 | (4) |
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Individual key government departments/agencies and their relationship with environmental health |
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66 | (4) |
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The European and international framework |
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70 | (1) |
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Other influences upon local government and environmental health practice |
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71 | (5) |
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76 | (1) |
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The environmental health unit today |
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77 | (5) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (2) |
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Appendix A: The organization of environmental health in Northern Ireland |
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85 | (9) |
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Appendix B: The organization of environmental health in Scotland |
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94 | (5) |
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Appendix C: The organization of environmental health in Wales |
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99 | (5) |
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Training and professional standards |
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104 | (5) |
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Training of environmental health practitioners in England, Wales and Northern Ireland |
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104 | (1) |
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Training of environmental health technicians |
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105 | (1) |
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Assessment of professional competence |
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106 | (1) |
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Continuing professional development |
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106 | (1) |
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Appendix: Universities offering courses in environmental health |
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106 | (2) |
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Appendix: Universities/Colleges offering courses for Technical Officers |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (24) |
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Development of port health |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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International health control |
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111 | (1) |
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The Public Health (Ships) and (Aircraft) Regulations 1979 |
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111 | (1) |
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Health clearance of arrivals |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (4) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Appendix A: A case study of a Port Health Authority -- London Port Health Authority |
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122 | (11) |
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Part Two Environmental Health Law and Administration |
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133 | (64) |
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135 | (13) |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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The law relating to statutory nuisances |
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141 | (6) |
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147 | (1) |
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Enforcement of environmental health law |
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148 | (29) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (5) |
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Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 |
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158 | (4) |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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The cautioning of offenders |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (5) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of information technology and its application in environmental health |
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177 | (20) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Information as a resource |
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178 | (1) |
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Management information systems and information technology |
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178 | (1) |
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Recent major developments |
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179 | (4) |
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Electronic government (e-government) |
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183 | (8) |
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The use and application of information technology in the delivery of environmental health services |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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Part Three Public Health and Safety |
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197 | (70) |
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Public health, environmental health and sustainable development |
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199 | (13) |
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Introduction -- ten years of change and reorganization |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (4) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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Risk management for environmental health |
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212 | (19) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (3) |
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Cultural theories of risk |
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221 | (1) |
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The social amplification of risk |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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Specific public safety and health issues |
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231 | (36) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (2) |
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Acupuncture, tattooing, skin-piercing and electrolysis |
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235 | (1) |
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Public entertainment licences |
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236 | (4) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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Dealing with licensing applications |
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251 | (1) |
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Liaison with the licensing justices |
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251 | (1) |
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Swimming and leisure pools |
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252 | (13) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (80) |
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Communicable disease -- administration and law |
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269 | (14) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (5) |
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Administrative arrangements |
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274 | (1) |
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Communicable disease legislation |
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275 | (4) |
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279 | (1) |
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Legislative review and reform |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (21) |
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283 | (1) |
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Non-microbial food-borne disease |
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283 | (2) |
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Food-borne disease caused by pathogenic micro-organisms or their toxins |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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Clinical and epidemiological features |
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290 | (8) |
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The principles of investigation and control of food-borne diseases |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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Communicable disease control |
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304 | (27) |
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304 | (1) |
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Organisms that cause disease |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Basic concepts in infectious disease epidemiology |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (3) |
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315 | (2) |
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The control of important diseases in the United Kingdom |
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317 | (12) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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Environmental epidemiology and non-infectious diseases |
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331 | (16) |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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The epidemiological approach |
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332 | (1) |
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Descriptive epidemiology and ecological studies |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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Prevalence (cross-sectional) surveys |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Doses of environmental factors |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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Assessment of epidemiological studies |
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340 | (1) |
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Control of environmental causes of chronic diseases |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (62) |
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Housing conditions and health |
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349 | (15) |
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349 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Relationship between housing and health |
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350 | (1) |
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Demonstrating the potential health impact of housing on health |
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351 | (11) |
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362 | (2) |
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Housing: standards and enforcement |
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364 | (45) |
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364 | (5) |
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The control of housing standards |
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369 | (4) |
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Dealing with unfit properties |
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373 | (5) |
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House and area regeneration |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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Houses in multiple occupation |
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382 | (9) |
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391 | (3) |
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The law of landlord and tenant |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (1) |
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Home improvement agencies |
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397 | (2) |
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Specialized forms of housing |
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399 | (7) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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Part Six Occupational Health and Safety |
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409 | (80) |
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Introduction to occupational health and safety |
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411 | (13) |
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Introduction to health and safety enforcement |
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411 | (1) |
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The development of the modern health and safety framework |
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412 | (3) |
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415 | (1) |
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The current strategic framework |
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416 | (1) |
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Emerging trends and future strategies |
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417 | (2) |
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Local authority enforcement |
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419 | (3) |
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422 | (2) |
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Legislative and administrative framework |
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424 | (10) |
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The Health and Safety at Work, Etc. Act 1974 |
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424 | (3) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (3) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (2) |
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434 | (9) |
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434 | (1) |
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Workplace health, safety and welfare |
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435 | (5) |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (7) |
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The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 |
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443 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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Selection of personal protective equipment |
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446 | (3) |
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449 | (1) |
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Plant and systems of work |
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450 | (11) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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Principles of machine guarding |
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450 | (1) |
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The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 |
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451 | (1) |
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The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (3) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (3) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (2) |
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Toxic and dangerous substances |
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461 | (10) |
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Classification of hazardous substances |
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461 | (3) |
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The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 |
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464 | (4) |
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Monitoring strategies for toxic substances |
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468 | (2) |
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470 | (1) |
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Accident prevention and investigation |
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471 | (7) |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (1) |
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Investigation of accidents |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (3) |
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Safety policies as an aid to accident prevention |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (5) |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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Effects of ionizing radiation |
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479 | (1) |
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480 | (1) |
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Control of radiation exposure |
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480 | (1) |
|
Ionizing Radiation Regulations 1999 |
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|
481 | (1) |
|
Detection and measurement of ionizing radiation |
|
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (6) |
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483 | (2) |
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485 | (1) |
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485 | (1) |
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Microwaves and radiofrequency radiation |
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485 | (1) |
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486 | (2) |
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488 | (1) |
|
Part Seven Food Safety and Hygiene |
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|
489 | (130) |
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Introduction to food safety |
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491 | (10) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (6) |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (15) |
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501 | (6) |
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507 | (1) |
|
Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) Regulations 1995 |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
|
The Food Safety (Temperature Control) Regulations 1995 |
|
|
510 | (1) |
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The Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) (Butchers' Shops) Amendment Regulations 2000 |
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
Product-specific regulations |
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512 | (1) |
|
EU proposals (the near future) |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (24) |
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|
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516 | (1) |
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Control systems in food production |
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517 | (1) |
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Underpinning or prerequisite systems |
|
|
517 | (10) |
|
Product-specific management systems |
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|
527 | (6) |
|
Control systems used by enforcement agencies |
|
|
533 | (2) |
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535 | (1) |
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535 | (3) |
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538 | (1) |
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|
538 | (2) |
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540 | (24) |
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540 | (1) |
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540 | (2) |
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542 | (2) |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (3) |
|
Cold chain vehicle distribution |
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548 | (1) |
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549 | (1) |
|
Biotechnology and genetic modification |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (2) |
|
Processed and preserved foods |
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552 | (1) |
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|
552 | (2) |
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554 | (1) |
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555 | (1) |
|
The sous-vide system for preparing chilled meals |
|
|
555 | (1) |
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556 | (1) |
|
Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food |
|
|
557 | (1) |
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558 | (1) |
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559 | (4) |
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563 | (1) |
|
Food safety: controls on milk, eggs and dairy products |
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|
564 | (23) |
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564 | (1) |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (10) |
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576 | (2) |
|
Soured and fermented milks |
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|
578 | (1) |
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578 | (1) |
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578 | (2) |
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580 | (3) |
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|
583 | (4) |
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587 | (11) |
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588 | (1) |
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|
589 | (1) |
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590 | (1) |
|
Diseases and conditions of fish |
|
|
591 | (2) |
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593 | (1) |
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594 | (1) |
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|
594 | (1) |
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|
594 | (3) |
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597 | (1) |
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598 | (21) |
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598 | (1) |
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599 | (1) |
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|
599 | (9) |
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|
608 | (3) |
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|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Minced meat and meat preparations |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
Beef Labelling (Enforcement) Regulations 2000 |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Hygienic production of meat |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
The Meat (Enhanced Enforcement Powers) Regulations 2000 |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
Part Eight Environmental Protection |
|
|
619 | (300) |
|
Introduction to environmental protection |
|
|
621 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
The drivers for environmental protection |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
Some environmental protection concepts |
|
|
625 | (3) |
|
Key environmental protection issues |
|
|
628 | (7) |
|
Delivery of environmental protection in the United Kingdom |
|
|
635 | (8) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (25) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
645 | (2) |
|
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
The Noise Review Working Party |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
649 | (3) |
|
|
|
652 | (2) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (3) |
|
|
|
657 | (2) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
Entertainment -- pubs and clubs |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Noise from industrial processes covered by Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (2) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Definition of air pollution |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Instruments to control pollution |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (6) |
|
Global air pollution issues |
|
|
677 | (3) |
|
|
|
680 | (16) |
|
|
|
696 | (18) |
|
Air pollution from chemical contamination |
|
|
714 | (1) |
|
|
|
715 | (3) |
|
|
|
718 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Background to waste collection, disposal and administration |
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
|
|
720 | (4) |
|
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 |
|
|
724 | (10) |
|
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
|
|
735 | (1) |
|
|
|
736 | (2) |
|
|
|
738 | (2) |
|
|
|
740 | (3) |
|
|
|
743 | (1) |
|
Waste disposal and treatment |
|
|
744 | (12) |
|
|
|
756 | (4) |
|
Storage, collection and disposal of other hazardous waste |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
|
|
762 | (2) |
|
|
|
764 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (2) |
|
|
|
767 | (2) |
|
Monitoring and exposure mechanisms |
|
|
769 | (4) |
|
Radon surveys and remedial programmes |
|
|
773 | (1) |
|
Standards -- action levels and limits, affected areas for homes and occupational exposure |
|
|
774 | (3) |
|
Remedial measures against radon ingress |
|
|
777 | (2) |
|
Guidance on the construction of new dwellings |
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
|
|
781 | (2) |
|
Administrative and financial issues |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
|
786 | (59) |
|
|
|
|
|
Integrated water management |
|
|
786 | (4) |
|
|
|
790 | (8) |
|
|
|
798 | (11) |
|
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
Domestic filtration and purification |
|
|
810 | (3) |
|
|
|
813 | (4) |
|
|
|
817 | (2) |
|
|
|
819 | (3) |
|
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (4) |
|
|
|
827 | (1) |
|
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Small sewage disposal schemes |
|
|
828 | (3) |
|
|
|
831 | (6) |
|
Disposal of effluent to rivers and the sea |
|
|
837 | (5) |
|
|
|
842 | (2) |
|
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
|
845 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
Types of land contamination |
|
|
846 | (5) |
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
Legislative framework for dealing with contamination |
|
|
851 | (3) |
|
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
Identifying and determining contaminated land |
|
|
855 | (11) |
|
|
|
866 | (5) |
|
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
|
871 | (2) |
|
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
|
874 | (1) |
|
|
|
875 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
|
|
875 | (3) |
|
Pest control and prevention |
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
Pest control through design and construction |
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
|
|
880 | (4) |
|
|
|
884 | (1) |
|
|
|
885 | (2) |
|
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (2) |
|
Insects of stored products |
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
Other pests of public health significance |
|
|
894 | (6) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
900 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (18) |
|
|
|
Reasons for controlling animals |
|
|
901 | (3) |
|
|
|
904 | (6) |
|
|
|
910 | (2) |
|
|
|
912 | (5) |
|
|
|
917 | (1) |
|
|
|
918 | (1) |
| Index |
|
919 | |
