This book brings together expert opinions from scientists to consider the evidence for climate change and its impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections. It considers what is meant by 'climate change', how effective climate models are in relation to ecosystems, and provides predictions for changes in climate at global, regional and local scales relevant for ticks and tick-borne infections. It examines changes to tick distribution and the evidence that climate change is responsible. The effect of climate on the physiology and behaviour of ticks is stressed, including potentially critical impacts on the tick microbiome. Given that the notoriety of ticks derives from pathogens they transmit, the book considers whether changes in climate affect vector capacity. Ticks transmit a remarkable range of micro- and macro-parasites many of which are pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. The intimacy between a tick-borne agent and a tick vector means that any impacts of climate on a tick vector will impact tick-borne pathogens. Most obviously, such impacts will be apparent as changes in disease incidence and prevalence. The evidence that climate change is affecting diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens is considered, along with the potential to make robust predictions of future events. This book contains: Expert opinions and predictions. Global coverage of trends in ticks and disease. In-depth examination of climate change and tick distribution links. This book is suitable for researchers and students studying zoology, biological sciences, medical entomology, animal health, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, parasitology, and climate change impacts; and for those concerned with public health planning or livestock management where ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a threat.
Daugiau informacijos
Researchers and students studying zoology, biological sciences, medical entomology, animal health, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, parasitology; IPCC contributors
Section 1: Climate Section 1.1: Climate and the tick ecosystem eo1:
Future climate of Africa eo2: Vegetation-climate interactions: into the tick
zone Section 1.2: Modelling climate change impacts eo3: Climate change and
Lyme disease eo4: How to Model the Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne
Diseases? eo5: Challenges of Modelling and Projecting Tick Distributions eo6:
Considerations for predicting climate change implications on future spatial
distribution ranges of ticks Section 1.3 Synopsis: Climate Section 2: Ticks
Section 2.1: Climate impacts on tick physiology eo7: Can the impact of
climate change on the tick microbiome bring a new epidemiological landscape
to tick-borne diseases? eo8: Climate influence on tick neurobiology eo9: The
impact of climate change on tick host-seeking behaviour eo10: Expected
transitions in ticks and their heritable endosymbionts under environmental
changes eo11: Drought and tick dynamics during climate change eo12: Climate
influences on reproduction and immunity in the soft tick, Ornithodoros
moubata eo13: Climate change and ticks: measuring impacts Section 2.2:
Climate impacts on tick populations eo14: Scandinavia and ticks in a changing
climate eo15: Birds, ticks and climate change eo16: How tick vectors are
coping with global warming eo17: Possible direct and human-mediated impact of
climate change on tick populations in Turkey eo18: Climate change alone
cannot explain altered tick distribution across Europe: a spotlight on
endemic and invasive tick species eo19: Climate and management effects on
tickgame animal dynamics eo20: Climate-driven livestock management shifts
and tick populations eo21: Potential impacts of climate change on medically
important tick species in North America Section 2.3: Climate impacts on tick
species eo22: Climate change and tick evolution: lessons from the past
Chapter 23: Amblyomma ticks and future climates
Chapter 24: Climate impacts
on Dermacentor reticulatus tick population dynamics and range
Chapter 25:
Changes expected in Ixodes ricinus temporal and spatial distribution in
Europe
Chapter 26: Range expansion of Ixodes scapularis in the USA
Chapter
27: Distribution, seasonal occurrence, and biological characteristics of
Haemaphysalis longicornis, a vector of bovine piroplasmosis in Japan
Chapter
28: Climate and vector potential of medically important North American ticks
Chapter 29: The impact of climate change on the biology of the cattle tick,
Rhipicephalus microplus: current knowledge and gaps to be filled Section 2.4:
Climate impacts on vector capacity
Chapter 30: Climate impacts on the vector
capacity of tropical and temperate populations of the brown dog tick,
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato
Chapter 31: Argasidae: distribution and
vectorial capacity in a changing global environment
Chapter 32: Effects of
climate change on babesiosis vectors Section 2.5: Synopsis: Ticks Section 3:
Disease Section 3.1: Vectorhostpathogen triangle
Chapter 33: Conflict and
cooperation in tickhostpathogen interactions contribute to increased tick
fitness and survival
Chapter 34: Climate, ticks, and pathogens: gaps and
caveats
Chapter 35: Climate and prediction of tick-borne diseases facing the
complexity of the pathogentickhost triad at northern latitudes
Chapter 36:
Is the clock 'ticking' for climate change?
Chapter 37: Climate instability
and emerging tick-borne disease
Chapter 38: Co-infections of ticks
Chapter
39: Impact of climate change on co-feeding transmission
Chapter 40: Human
behaviour trumps entomological risk
Chapter 41: Its all in the timing:
effect of tick phenology on pathogen transmission dynamics
Chapter 42:
Anaplasma species' novel tickhostpathogen relationships and effects of
climate change
Chapter 43: Zoonotic potential in the genera Anaplasma and
Ehrlichia
Chapter 44: Tick vectors, tick-borne diseases and climate change
Chapter 45: Climate and other global factors at the zoonotic interface in
America: influence on diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens
Chapter 46:
Microclimatic conditions and RNA viruses in ticks Section 3.2: Vector-borne
infections of humans
Chapter 47: Climate, ticks and tick-borne encephalitis
in Central Europe
Chapter 48: Tick-borne viral haemorrhagic fever infections
Chapter 49: Climate impact on Lyme borreliosis and its causative agents
Chapter 50: Climate change and tick-borne encephalitis in the Greater Alpine
Region
Chapter 51: The expansion of Japanese spotted fever and the complex
group of spotted fever group rickettsia in Japan
Chapter 52: Spatiotemporal
and demographic patterns of transmission of Kyasanur Forest Disease virus in
India
Chapter 53: Argasid ticks, relapsing fever and a changing climate
Chapter 54: The potential effects of climate change on Lyme borreliosis in
East-Central Europe
Chapter 55: Epidemiology of severe fever with
thrombocytopenia syndrome in China
Chapter 56: Climate change and
debilitating symptom complexes attributed to ticks in Australia
Chapter 57:
Effect of climate change on mosquito-borne pathogens Section 3.3:
Vector-borne infections of domesticated animals
Chapter 58: Ornithodoros tick
vectors and African swine fever virus
Chapter 59: Tick-borne diseases of
livestock in the UK
Chapter 60: Impact of climate change on tick-borne
diseases of livestock in Pakistan looking ahead
Chapter 61: The emergence
of tick-borne diseases in domestic animals in Australia Section 3.4:
Vector-borne infections in different regions
Chapter 62: Tick-borne
infections in Central Europe
Chapter 63: Impact of climate change on ticks
and tick-borne infections in Russia
Chapter 64: Is climate change affecting
ticks and tick-borne diseases in Taiwan?
Chapter 65: Ticks and tick-borne
pathogens in the Caribbean region in the context of climate change
Chapter
66: The strange case of tick-borne viruses in Turkey
Chapter 67: Melting,
melting pot climate change and its impact on ticks and tick-borne pathogens
in the Arctic
Chapter 68: Ticks and tick-borne diseases in the Middle East
Chapter 69: The emergence of ticks and tick-borne diseases in the United
States
Chapter 70: Role of climate and other factors in determining the
dynamics of tick and tick-transmitted pathogen populations and distribution
in western, central, and eastern Africa
Chapter 71: Tick-borne pathogens in
China
Chapter 72: Tick-borne rickettsioses in Africa
Chapter 73: Climate and
the emergence of tick-borne disease in Canada
Chapter 74: Climate change
impacts on Ixodes ricinus in Scotland and implications for Lyme disease risk
Chapter 75: Possible impact of climate and environmental change on ticks and
tick-borne disease in England
Chapter 76: Climate change, ticks and
tick-borne pathogens in northern Europe
Chapter 77: Tick and tick-borne
disease circulation in a changing marine ecosystem Section 3.5: Synopsis:
Disease Section 4: Final synopsis and future predictions
Pat Nuttall is Emeritus Professor of Arbovirology in the Zoology Department, University of Oxford, and Supernumerary Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford. Current research interests are in viruses transmitted by ticks, and how tick saliva promotes virus transmission. Prior to re-joining the University of Oxford in 2013, she was employed by the UK's Natural Environment Research Council, becoming Director of the Institute of Virology & Environmental Microbiology in 1995 and Director of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology in 2001. Her research resulted in the first NERC spin out company, Evolutec Ltd. She created Wolfson Innovate to promote college entrepreneurism, now expanded to Oxford University's All-Innovate venture. Distinctions include: Ivanovsky Medal for Virology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Order of the British Empire for services to environmental sciences; LeConte Scholar, Georgia Southern University, USA; Honorary Professor, Nankia University, China; Chevalier dans l'ordre du Mérite Agricole, France; Harry Hoogstraal award, American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene.
