An introduction to the Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series |
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xi | |
Online learning materials |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
Contributors |
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xvii | |
Abbreviations |
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xix | |
Reference ranges |
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xxiii | |
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1 Biochemical investigations and quality control |
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1 | (32) |
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1.1 Nature of biochemical disorders |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Historical background |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Modern clinical biochemistry laboratories |
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5 | (9) |
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1.4 Point-of-care testing |
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14 | (1) |
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1.5 Evaluation of a clinical method |
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15 | (7) |
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22 | (5) |
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27 | (6) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (20) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2 General automated chemistry systems |
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35 | (9) |
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2.3 Automated immunochemistry analysers |
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44 | (2) |
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2.4 Integration of processes and robotics |
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46 | (4) |
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2.5 Automation in specialized areas of clinical biochemistry |
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50 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (36) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (5) |
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3.3 Kidney function tests |
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62 | (12) |
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74 | (5) |
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3.5 Specific kidney disease |
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79 | (10) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (3) |
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4 Hyperuricaemia and gout |
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89 | (15) |
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92 | (1) |
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4.2 Purine catabolism and excretion |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.5 Clinical features of gout |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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4.7 Treatment and management of gout |
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100 | (4) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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5 Fluid and electrolyte disorders |
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104 | (21) |
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105 | (3) |
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5.2 Assessing fluid and electrolyte status |
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108 | (2) |
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5.3 Disturbances of plasma sodium |
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110 | (4) |
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5.4 Disturbances of plasma potassium |
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114 | (6) |
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5.5 Plasma and urine osmolality |
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120 | (1) |
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5.6 Chloride and bicarbonate |
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121 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (32) |
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6.1 Hydrogen ion (H+) and pH |
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125 | (2) |
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6.2 Acids, bases, and buffers |
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127 | (3) |
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6.3 Physiological role of H+ |
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130 | (1) |
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6.4 Production of surplus H+ |
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130 | (1) |
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6.5 Hydrogen ion homeostasis |
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131 | (6) |
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6.6 Classification and investigation of acid-base disorders |
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137 | (2) |
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6.7 Metabolic acid-base disorders |
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139 | (7) |
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6.8 Respiratory acid-base disorders |
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146 | (4) |
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6.9 Mixed acid-base disorders |
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150 | (1) |
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6.10 Interpretation of acid-base data |
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151 | (6) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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7 Clinical enzymology and biomarkers |
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157 | (16) |
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7.1 Enzymes and enzyme activities |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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7.5 Cardiac disease, electrocardiogram, and biomarkers |
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163 | (1) |
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7.6 Development of heart disease |
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164 | (1) |
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7.7 Cardiac biomarkers in clinical practice |
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165 | (4) |
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7.8 Biomarkers of muscle damage for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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7.10 Possible future biomarkers in cardiac disease |
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171 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (17) |
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173 | (5) |
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8.2 Diseases of the liver |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (7) |
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8.4 The current liver function tests: pros and cons |
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188 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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9 Abnormalities of lipid metabolism |
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190 | (35) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (8) |
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202 | (2) |
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9.4 Classification of lipid disorders |
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204 | (2) |
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9.5 Hypercholesterolaemia |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (3) |
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9.7 Hypertriglyceridaemia |
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212 | (1) |
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9.8 Lipids, atheroma, and heart disease |
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213 | (2) |
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9.9 Measurement of lipids in clinical samples |
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215 | (2) |
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9.10 Assessment of cardiovascular risk |
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217 | (1) |
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9.11 Management of hyperlipidaemias |
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218 | (7) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (2) |
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10 Disorders of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis |
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225 | (38) |
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10.1 Distribution, function, and regulation of calcium |
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226 | (6) |
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10.2 Disorders of calcium homeostasis |
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232 | (8) |
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10.3 Distribution, function, and regulation of phosphate |
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240 | (2) |
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10.4 Disorders of phosphate homeostasis |
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242 | (5) |
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10.5 Distribution, function, and regulation of magnesium |
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247 | (2) |
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10.6 Disorders of magnesium homeostasis |
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249 | (5) |
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254 | (1) |
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10.8 Markers of bone disease |
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255 | (1) |
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10.9 Metabolic bone disease |
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256 | (7) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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11 Abnormal pituitary function |
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263 | (21) |
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263 | (2) |
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11.2 Structure of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
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265 | (3) |
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11.3 Anterior pituitary hormones |
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268 | (3) |
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11.4 Posterior pituitary hormones |
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271 | (1) |
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11.5 Disorders of pituitary function |
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271 | (1) |
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11.6 Anterior pituitary hyperfunction |
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272 | (5) |
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11.7 Anterior pituitary hypofunction |
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277 | (3) |
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11.8 Posterior pituitary dysfunction |
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280 | (4) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (16) |
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12.1 Structure of the thyroid gland |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (2) |
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12.3 Function of thyroid hormones |
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288 | (1) |
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12.4 Control of thyroid hormone secretion |
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289 | (1) |
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12.5 Disorders of thyroid function |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (3) |
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12.8 Laboratory tests to determine the cause of thyroid dysfunction |
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295 | (1) |
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12.9 Interpretation of thyroid function tests |
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295 | (5) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (2) |
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13 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia |
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300 | (34) |
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13.1 The islets of Langerhans |
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302 | (1) |
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13.2 Glucose-induced insulin secretion |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
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13.4 Insulin, glucagon, and the counter-regulatory hormones |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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13.6 Impaired glucose and lipid handling |
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309 | (7) |
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13.7 Diagnosis, classification, and aetiology of diabetes |
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316 | (4) |
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13.8 Acute complications of diabetes |
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320 | (2) |
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13.9 Long-term complications of diabetes |
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322 | (2) |
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13.10 Evidence-based medicine and diabetes treatment |
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324 | (1) |
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13.11 Treatments for diabetes |
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324 | (3) |
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13.12 Monitoring and management of diabetes |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (5) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (33) |
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335 | (10) |
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14.2 Disorders of adrenal glands |
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345 | (10) |
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14.3 Investigation of adrenal disorders |
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355 | (9) |
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14.4 Management of adrenal disorders |
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364 | (3) |
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365 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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15 Reproductive endocrinology |
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367 | (30) |
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15.1 Reproductive endocrinology in the female |
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368 | (4) |
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15.2 Hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (1) |
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15.4 Causes of anovulatory infertility |
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376 | (2) |
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15.5 Polycystic ovary syndrome |
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378 | (6) |
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15.6 Investigations in female reproductive endocrinology |
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384 | (3) |
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15.7 Management of anovulatory infertility |
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387 | (2) |
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15.8 Reproductive endocrinology in the male |
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389 | (4) |
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15.9 Limitations in assays for steroid and polypeptide hormones |
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393 | (4) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (23) |
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397 | (2) |
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16.2 Specific nutrients: macronutrients |
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399 | (1) |
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16.3 Specific nutrients: organic micronutrients |
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400 | (8) |
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16.4 Specific nutrients: inorganic micronutrients |
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408 | (2) |
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16.5 Assessment of nutritional status |
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410 | (4) |
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16.6 Disordered eating patterns |
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414 | (2) |
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16.7 Nutritional intervention |
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416 | (4) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (2) |
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17 Gastrointestinal disorders and malabsorption |
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420 | (25) |
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17.1 Gastrointestinal biochemistry and physiology |
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421 | (10) |
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17.2 Biochemical investigation of gastrointestinal tract diseases |
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431 | (10) |
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17.3 Management of gastrointestinal disease |
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441 | (4) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (2) |
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18 Specific protein markers |
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445 | (32) |
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445 | (3) |
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448 | (2) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (6) |
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18.9 Measuring concentrations of specific proteins |
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461 | (16) |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (2) |
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19 Cancer biochemistry and tumour markers |
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477 | (25) |
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478 | (1) |
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479 | (1) |
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19.3 The effects of cancer |
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480 | (5) |
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485 | (2) |
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487 | (10) |
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19.6 The future of clinical biochemistry in cancer diagnostics |
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497 | (5) |
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499 | (1) |
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500 | (1) |
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500 | (2) |
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20 Inherited metabolic disorders and newborn screening |
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502 | (32) |
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20.1 Modes of inheritance |
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503 | (2) |
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20.2 Effects of a metabolic block |
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505 | (1) |
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20.3 Approaches to treatment |
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506 | (1) |
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20.4 Laboratory testing for inherited metabolic disorders |
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506 | (3) |
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20.5 Groups of metabolic disorders |
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509 | (20) |
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529 | (1) |
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530 | (4) |
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532 | (1) |
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532 | (1) |
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533 | (1) |
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21 Therapeutic drug monitoring |
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534 | (26) |
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21.1 Drug administration, distribution, and elimination |
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535 | (6) |
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541 | (5) |
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546 | (5) |
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21.4 Therapeutic drug monitoring: practicalities |
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551 | (3) |
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21.5 Therapeutic monitoring of specific drugs |
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554 | (6) |
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558 | (1) |
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558 | (1) |
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559 | (1) |
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560 | (24) |
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22.1 Types of poisons and poisoning |
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560 | (3) |
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22.2 Clinical features of poisoning |
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563 | (1) |
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22.3 Biochemical features of poisoning |
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563 | (1) |
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22.4 Management of the poisoned patient |
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564 | (2) |
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22.5 Laboratory investigation of poisoning |
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566 | (6) |
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22.6 Toxicology of specific compounds |
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572 | (12) |
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582 | (1) |
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582 | (1) |
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582 | (2) |
Answers to self-check questions |
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584 | (6) |
Answers to case studies |
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590 | (9) |
Answers to end-of-chapter questions |
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599 | (6) |
Glossary |
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605 | (24) |
Index |
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629 | |