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Clinical Biochemistry 2nd Revised edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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Edited by (Reader in Clinical Biochemistry, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 672 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 241x192x25 mm, weight: 1424 g, Over 250 colour line drawings and photographs
  • Serija: Fundamentals of Biomedical Science
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199674442
  • ISBN-13: 9780199674442
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 672 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 241x192x25 mm, weight: 1424 g, Over 250 colour line drawings and photographs
  • Serija: Fundamentals of Biomedical Science
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Nov-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199674442
  • ISBN-13: 9780199674442
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Biomedical scientists are the foundation of modern healthcare, from cancer screening to diagnosing HIV, from blood transfusion for surgery to food poisoning and infection control. Without biomedical scientists, the diagnosis of disease, the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment, and research into the causes and cures of disease would not be possible.

The Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series has been written to reflect the challenges of practicing biomedical science today. It draws together essential basic science with insights into laboratory practice to show how an understanding of the biology of disease is coupled to the analytical approaches that lead to diagnosis. Assuming only a minimum of prior knowledge, the series reviews the full range of disciplines to which a Biomedical Scientist may be exposed - from microbiology to cytopathology to transfusion science.

Clinical Biochemistry provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the biochemical basis of disease processes, and how these diseases can be investigated in the biomedical laboratory. New clinical case studies have been added to the second edition, to further emphasize the link between theory and practice and help engage students with the subject.
An introduction to the Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series xi
Online learning materials xiii
Preface xv
Contributors xvii
Abbreviations xix
Reference ranges xxiii
1 Biochemical investigations and quality control
1(32)
David Cameron
1.1 Nature of biochemical disorders
3(1)
1.2 Historical background
4(1)
1.3 Modern clinical biochemistry laboratories
5(9)
1.4 Point-of-care testing
14(1)
1.5 Evaluation of a clinical method
15(7)
1.6 Quality control
22(5)
1.7 Audit
27(6)
Summary
29(1)
Further reading
29(1)
Questions
30(3)
2 Automation
33(20)
Tim James
2.1 Historical context
34(1)
2.2 General automated chemistry systems
35(9)
2.3 Automated immunochemistry analysers
44(2)
2.4 Integration of processes and robotics
46(4)
2.5 Automation in specialized areas of clinical biochemistry
50(3)
Summary
51(1)
Further reading
51(1)
Questions
52(1)
3 Kidney disease
53(36)
Edmund Lamb
3.1 Renal anatomy
54(3)
3.2 Renal physiology
57(5)
3.3 Kidney function tests
62(12)
3.4 Kidney disease
74(5)
3.5 Specific kidney disease
79(10)
Summary
85(1)
Further reading
86(1)
Questions
86(3)
4 Hyperuricaemia and gout
89(15)
Joanne Marsden
4.1 Sources of purines
92(1)
4.2 Purine catabolism and excretion
93(2)
4.3 Hypouricaemia
95(1)
4.4 Hyperuricaemia
96(1)
4.5 Clinical features of gout
97(1)
4.6 Diagnosis of gout
98(2)
4.7 Treatment and management of gout
100(4)
Summary
102(1)
Further reading
102(1)
Questions
102(2)
5 Fluid and electrolyte disorders
104(21)
Tim James
5.1 Water homeostasis
105(3)
5.2 Assessing fluid and electrolyte status
108(2)
5.3 Disturbances of plasma sodium
110(4)
5.4 Disturbances of plasma potassium
114(6)
5.5 Plasma and urine osmolality
120(1)
5.6 Chloride and bicarbonate
121(4)
Summary
123(1)
Further reading
123(1)
Questions
124(1)
6 Acid-base disorders
125(32)
David Tierney
6.1 Hydrogen ion (H+) and pH
125(2)
6.2 Acids, bases, and buffers
127(3)
6.3 Physiological role of H+
130(1)
6.4 Production of surplus H+
130(1)
6.5 Hydrogen ion homeostasis
131(6)
6.6 Classification and investigation of acid-base disorders
137(2)
6.7 Metabolic acid-base disorders
139(7)
6.8 Respiratory acid-base disorders
146(4)
6.9 Mixed acid-base disorders
150(1)
6.10 Interpretation of acid-base data
151(6)
Summary
155(1)
Further reading
155(1)
Questions
156(1)
7 Clinical enzymology and biomarkers
157(16)
Paul Collinson
Amy Lloyd
7.1 Enzymes and enzyme activities
158(1)
7.2 Isoenzymes
159(2)
7.3 Biomarkers
161(1)
7.4 Cardiac disease
161(2)
7.5 Cardiac disease, electrocardiogram, and biomarkers
163(1)
7.6 Development of heart disease
164(1)
7.7 Cardiac biomarkers in clinical practice
165(4)
7.8 Biomarkers of muscle damage for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
169(1)
7.9 Natriuretic peptides
170(1)
7.10 Possible future biomarkers in cardiac disease
171(2)
Summary
171(1)
Further reading
172(1)
Questions
172(1)
8 Liver function tests
173(17)
Roy Sherwood
8.1 Liver
173(5)
8.2 Diseases of the liver
178(3)
8.3 Liver function tests
181(7)
8.4 The current liver function tests: pros and cons
188(2)
Summary
188(1)
Further reading
188(1)
Questions
189(1)
9 Abnormalities of lipid metabolism
190(35)
Mike France
9.1 Types of lipids
191(3)
9.2 Lipoproteins
194(8)
9.3 Lipoprotein (a)
202(2)
9.4 Classification of lipid disorders
204(2)
9.5 Hypercholesterolaemia
206(3)
9.6 Hypocholesterolaemia
209(3)
9.7 Hypertriglyceridaemia
212(1)
9.8 Lipids, atheroma, and heart disease
213(2)
9.9 Measurement of lipids in clinical samples
215(2)
9.10 Assessment of cardiovascular risk
217(1)
9.11 Management of hyperlipidaemias
218(7)
Summary
222(1)
Further reading
222(1)
Questions
223(2)
10 Disorders of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium homeostasis
225(38)
Nessar Ahmed
10.1 Distribution, function, and regulation of calcium
226(6)
10.2 Disorders of calcium homeostasis
232(8)
10.3 Distribution, function, and regulation of phosphate
240(2)
10.4 Disorders of phosphate homeostasis
242(5)
10.5 Distribution, function, and regulation of magnesium
247(2)
10.6 Disorders of magnesium homeostasis
249(5)
10.7 Bone metabolism
254(1)
10.8 Markers of bone disease
255(1)
10.9 Metabolic bone disease
256(7)
Summary
260(1)
Further reading
260(1)
Questions
261(2)
11 Abnormal pituitary function
263(21)
Garry McDowell
11.1 Endocrine system
263(2)
11.2 Structure of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
265(3)
11.3 Anterior pituitary hormones
268(3)
11.4 Posterior pituitary hormones
271(1)
11.5 Disorders of pituitary function
271(1)
11.6 Anterior pituitary hyperfunction
272(5)
11.7 Anterior pituitary hypofunction
277(3)
11.8 Posterior pituitary dysfunction
280(4)
Summary
282(1)
Further reading
282(1)
Questions
283(1)
12 Thyroid disease
284(16)
Garry McDowell
12.1 Structure of the thyroid gland
284(2)
12.2 Thyroid hormones
286(2)
12.3 Function of thyroid hormones
288(1)
12.4 Control of thyroid hormone secretion
289(1)
12.5 Disorders of thyroid function
289(1)
12.6 Hyperthyroidism
289(3)
12.7 Hypothyroidism
292(3)
12.8 Laboratory tests to determine the cause of thyroid dysfunction
295(1)
12.9 Interpretation of thyroid function tests
295(5)
Summary
297(1)
Further reading
297(1)
Questions
298(2)
13 Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia
300(34)
Allen Yates
Ian Laing
13.1 The islets of Langerhans
302(1)
13.2 Glucose-induced insulin secretion
302(4)
13.3 Glucagon secretion
306(1)
13.4 Insulin, glucagon, and the counter-regulatory hormones
306(3)
13.5 Incretin hormones
309(1)
13.6 Impaired glucose and lipid handling
309(7)
13.7 Diagnosis, classification, and aetiology of diabetes
316(4)
13.8 Acute complications of diabetes
320(2)
13.9 Long-term complications of diabetes
322(2)
13.10 Evidence-based medicine and diabetes treatment
324(1)
13.11 Treatments for diabetes
324(3)
13.12 Monitoring and management of diabetes
327(2)
13.13 Hypoglycaemia
329(5)
Summary
331(1)
Further reading
332(1)
Questions
333(1)
14 Adrenal disease
334(33)
John Honour
14.1 Adrenal glands
335(10)
14.2 Disorders of adrenal glands
345(10)
14.3 Investigation of adrenal disorders
355(9)
14.4 Management of adrenal disorders
364(3)
Summary
365(1)
Further reading
365(1)
Questions
366(1)
15 Reproductive endocrinology
367(30)
Ian Laing
Julie Thornton
15.1 Reproductive endocrinology in the female
368(4)
15.2 Hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle
372(3)
15.3 Menopause
375(1)
15.4 Causes of anovulatory infertility
376(2)
15.5 Polycystic ovary syndrome
378(6)
15.6 Investigations in female reproductive endocrinology
384(3)
15.7 Management of anovulatory infertility
387(2)
15.8 Reproductive endocrinology in the male
389(4)
15.9 Limitations in assays for steroid and polypeptide hormones
393(4)
Summary
394(1)
Further reading
395(1)
Questions
396(1)
16 Biochemical nutrition
397(23)
Patrick Twomey
William Simpson
16.1 Types of nutrients
397(2)
16.2 Specific nutrients: macronutrients
399(1)
16.3 Specific nutrients: organic micronutrients
400(8)
16.4 Specific nutrients: inorganic micronutrients
408(2)
16.5 Assessment of nutritional status
410(4)
16.6 Disordered eating patterns
414(2)
16.7 Nutritional intervention
416(4)
Summary
417(1)
Further reading
418(1)
Questions
418(2)
17 Gastrointestinal disorders and malabsorption
420(25)
Garry McDowell
Gordon Brydon
17.1 Gastrointestinal biochemistry and physiology
421(10)
17.2 Biochemical investigation of gastrointestinal tract diseases
431(10)
17.3 Management of gastrointestinal disease
441(4)
Summary
442(1)
Further reading
443(1)
Questions
443(2)
18 Specific protein markers
445(32)
Gerald Maguire
18.1 Plasma proteins
445(3)
18.2 Albumin
448(2)
18.3 Alpha 1-antitrypsin
450(2)
18.4 Haptoglobin
452(1)
18.5 Caeruloplasmin
453(1)
18.6 Transferrin
453(1)
18.7 C-reactive protein
454(1)
18.8 Immunoglobulins
455(6)
18.9 Measuring concentrations of specific proteins
461(16)
Summary
474(1)
Further reading
474(1)
Questions
475(2)
19 Cancer biochemistry and tumour markers
477(25)
Joanne Adaway
Gilbert Wieringa
19.1 Causes of cancer
478(1)
19.2 Types of cancers
479(1)
19.3 The effects of cancer
480(5)
19.4 Cancer treatments
485(2)
19.5 Tumour markers
487(10)
19.6 The future of clinical biochemistry in cancer diagnostics
497(5)
Summary
499(1)
Further reading
500(1)
Questions
500(2)
20 Inherited metabolic disorders and newborn screening
502(32)
Mary Anne Preece
20.1 Modes of inheritance
503(2)
20.2 Effects of a metabolic block
505(1)
20.3 Approaches to treatment
506(1)
20.4 Laboratory testing for inherited metabolic disorders
506(3)
20.5 Groups of metabolic disorders
509(20)
20.6 Antenatal diagnosis
529(1)
20.7 Newborn screening
530(4)
Summary
532(1)
Further reading
532(1)
Questions
533(1)
21 Therapeutic drug monitoring
534(26)
Robin Whelpton
Nigel Brown
Robert Flanagan
21.1 Drug administration, distribution, and elimination
535(6)
21.2 Pharmacokinetics
541(5)
21.3 Analytical methods
546(5)
21.4 Therapeutic drug monitoring: practicalities
551(3)
21.5 Therapeutic monitoring of specific drugs
554(6)
Summary
558(1)
Further reading
558(1)
Questions
559(1)
22 Chemical toxicology
560(24)
Gwendolen Ayers
22.1 Types of poisons and poisoning
560(3)
22.2 Clinical features of poisoning
563(1)
22.3 Biochemical features of poisoning
563(1)
22.4 Management of the poisoned patient
564(2)
22.5 Laboratory investigation of poisoning
566(6)
22.6 Toxicology of specific compounds
572(12)
Summary
582(1)
Further reading
582(1)
Questions
582(2)
Answers to self-check questions 584(6)
Answers to case studies 590(9)
Answers to end-of-chapter questions 599(6)
Glossary 605(24)
Index 629
Dr Nessar Ahmed is Reader in Clinical Biochemistry at the Manchester Metropolitan University where his research examines the role of protein glycation in diabetes. His teaching includes clinical biochemistry, endocrinology, and analytical science.