Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations with Navigate Advantage Access 9th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 736 pages, weight: 1474 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Mar-2022
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284238865
  • ISBN-13: 9781284238860
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 736 pages, weight: 1474 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 24-Mar-2022
  • Leidėjas: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1284238865
  • ISBN-13: 9781284238860
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
"Medical Lab Science students need a strong foundation in applied chemistry need to learn and demonstrate mastery of the required knowledge, skills and competencies as specified by certifying bodies and accreditation organizations to be prepared for certification and employment as a professional medical assistant. ear explanations that balance analytic principles, techniques, and correlation of results with coverage of disease states. For over 30 years and 8 editions Bishop has gained the reputation in the market as the trusted resource written by Clinical Lab Scientists specifically for CLS students. Many of the leading books on the market are adapted from general chemistry textbooks, while Bishop sets itself apart from the competition by its logical organization reorganize the chapter order to reflect clinical chemistry flow in most courses today. Individual chapter content will be based on the ASCLS Entry Level Curriculum. A map of how the textbook correlates to the ASCLS curriculum will be provided as an instructor resource. Bishop not only demonstrates the how of clinical testing, but also the what, why, and when of testing correlations to help students develop the knowledge and interpretive and analytic skills they will need in their future careers"--

Clinical Chemistry: Principles, Techniques, and Correlations, Ninth Edition is the most student-friendly clinical chemistry text available today. The Ninth Edition keeps students at the forefront of what continues to be one of the most rapidly advancing areas of laboratory medicine with clear explanations that balance analytic principles, techniques, and correlation of results with coverage of disease states. The book not only demonstrates the how of clinical testing, but also the what, why, and when of testing correlations to help students develop the knowledge and interpretive and analytic skills they’ll need in their future careers
Foreword xviii
Preface xx
New to This Edition xxii
Acknowledgments xxviii
Contributors xxix
Ancillary Contributors xxxii
Reviewers xxxiii
PART 1 Basic Principles and Practice in Clinical Chemistry
1(160)
Chapter 1 Basic Principles and Practices of Clinical Chemistry
2(36)
Kathryn Dugan
Elizabeth Warning
Units of Measure
4(2)
Reagents
6(1)
Chemicals
6(1)
Reference Materials
7(1)
Water Specifications
7(1)
Solution Properties
8(1)
Concentration
8(1)
Colligative Properties
9(1)
Redox Potential
10(1)
Conductivity
10(1)
pH and Buffers
10(1)
Laboratory Equipment
11(1)
Heating Units
11(1)
Glassware and Plasticware
11(6)
Desiccators and Desiccants
17(1)
Balances
17(1)
Centrifuges
18(2)
Laboratory Mathematics and Calculations
20(1)
Significant Figures
20(1)
Logarithms
20(1)
Concentration
21(3)
Dilutions
24(1)
Simple Dilutions
25(1)
Serial Dilutions
26(1)
Water of Hydration
27(1)
Graphing and Beers Law
28(2)
Specimen Collection and Handling
30(1)
Types of Samples
30(2)
Sample Processing
32(1)
Sample Variables
33(1)
Chain of Custody
34(1)
Electronic and Paper Reporting of Results
35(3)
Chapter 2 Laboratory Safety and Regulations
38(19)
Brandy Greenhill
Laboratory Safety and Regulations
39(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Act
39(2)
Other Regulations and Guidelines
41(1)
Safety Awareness for Clinical Laboratory Personnel
41(1)
Safety Responsibility
41(1)
Signage and Labeling
42(1)
Safety Equipment
43(1)
Chemical Fume Hoods and Biosafety Cabinets
43(1)
Chemical Storage Equipment
44(1)
PPE and Hygiene
44(1)
Biologic Safety
45(1)
General Considerations
45(1)
Spills
45(1)
Bloodborne Pathogens
46(1)
Airborne Pathogens
46(1)
Shipping
46(1)
Chemical Safety
46(1)
Hazard Communication
46(1)
Safety Data Sheet
47(1)
OSHA Laboratory Standard
47(1)
Toxic Effects from Hazardous Substances
47(1)
Storage and Handling of Chemicals
48(1)
Radiation Safety
49(1)
Environmental Protection
49(1)
Personal Protection
49(1)
Nonionizing Radiation
50(1)
Fire Safety
50(1)
The Chemistry of Fire
50(1)
Classification of Fires
50(1)
Types and Applications of Fire Extinguishers
51(1)
Control of Other Hazards
52(1)
Electrical Hazards
52(1)
Compressed Gas Hazards
52(1)
Cryogenic Materials Hazards
52(1)
Mechanical Hazards
52(1)
Ergon omic Hazards
53(1)
Disposal of Hazardous Materials
53(1)
Chemical Waste
53(1)
Radioactive Waste
53(1)
Biohazardous Waste
53(1)
Accident Documentation and Investigation
54(3)
Chapter 3 Quality Management in the Clinical Laboratory
57(33)
Yun L. Trull
Michael W. Rogers
Cyndy B. Levtzow
Matthew P. A. Henderson
Christopher R. McCudden
Monte S. Willis
Basic Concepts
59(1)
Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Center, Spread, and Shape
59(3)
Measurement of Precision
62(2)
Descriptive Statistics of Groups of Paired Observations
64(2)
Measurement of Bias
66(2)
Inferential Statistics
68(1)
Quality Control and Quality Improvement
69(1)
QC Charts
70(1)
Operation of a QC System
71(2)
Multi-Rules Rule!
73(1)
Proficiency Testing
74(2)
Lean Six Sigma
76(1)
Quality Assessment
76(1)
Individual Quality Control Program (IQCP): An Option to Streamline QCP
77(1)
Reference Range Studies
77(2)
Establishing Reference Ranges
79(1)
Determining Whether to Establish or Transfer and Verify Reference Ranges
79(1)
Data Analysis to Establish a Reference Range
80(2)
Data Analysis to Transfer and Verify a Reference Range
82(1)
Method Evaluation
83(1)
Regulatory Aspects of Method Evaluation
83(1)
Allowable Analytical Error
84(1)
Method Evaluation Acceptance Criteria
84(1)
Diagnostic Efficiency
85(1)
Measures of Diagnostic Efficiency
85(5)
Chapter 4 Analytic Techniques
90(39)
Karen K. Apolloni
Spectrophotometry
91(1)
Beers Law
92(2)
Spectrophotometric Instruments
94(1)
Components of a Spectrophotometer
94(3)
Spectrophotometer Quality Assurance
97(1)
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
98(1)
Fluorometry
99(1)
Fluorometry Instrumentation
100(1)
Fluorescence Polarization
100(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluorometry
101(1)
Chemiluminescence
101(1)
Turbidimetry
102(1)
Nephelometry
102(1)
Laser Applications
102(1)
Electrochemistry
102(1)
Galvanic and Electrolytic Cells
103(1)
Half-Cells
103(1)
Ion-Selective Electrodes
103(1)
pH Electrodes
103(2)
Gas-Sensing Electrodes
105(2)
Enzyme Electrodes
107(1)
Coulometric Titration
107(1)
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
107(1)
Electrophoresis
107(1)
Procedure
108(1)
Support Materials
109(1)
Treatment and Application of Sample
109(1)
Detection and Quantitation
109(1)
Electroendosmosis
109(1)
Isoelectric Focusing
110(1)
Immunofixation Electrophoresis
110(1)
Capillary Electrophoresis
110(1)
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis
111(1)
Osmometry
111(1)
Freezing Point Osmometer
112(1)
Newer Optical Techniques
112(1)
Chromatography
113(1)
Modes of Separation
113(2)
Chromatographic Procedures
115(1)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
115(2)
Gas Chromatography
117(1)
Mass Spectrometry
118(1)
Sample Introduction and Ionization
119(2)
Mass Spectrometer Analyzer
121(3)
Detector
124(1)
Applications of MS in the Clinical Laboratory
124(1)
Small Molecule Analysis
124(2)
Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics and Pathogen Identification
126(1)
Mass Spectrometry at the Point of Care
127(2)
Chapter 5 Clinical Chemistry Automation
129(32)
Nikola A. Baumann
Brooke M. Katzman
History and Evolution of Automated Analyzers
130(1)
Driving Forces and Benefits of Automation
131(4)
Steps in Automated Analysis
135(1)
Specimen Preparation and Identification
135(1)
Specimen Measurement and Delivery
136(2)
Reagent Systems and Delivery
138(1)
Chemical Reaction Phase
138(2)
Measurement Phase
140(1)
Signal Processing and Data Handling
141(2)
Additional Considerations for Automated Immunoassays
143(1)
Immunoassay Basics
143(1)
Turbidimetry and Nephelometry
144(1)
Labeled Immunoassays
145(8)
Total Laboratory Automation
153(1)
Preanalytic Phase
153(3)
Analytic Phase
156(1)
Postanalytic Phase
156(1)
Future Trends in Automation
157(4)
PART 2 Analytic procedures and Clinical Correlation
161(208)
Chapter 6 Proteins and Heme Derivatives
162(45)
Takara L. Blamires
Kristina Jackson Behan
Amino Acids
164(1)
Overview
164(1)
Basic Structure
164(1)
Metabolism
164(2)
Classification
166(3)
Aminoacidopathies
169(1)
Methods of Analysis
169(1)
Proteins
169(1)
Overview
169(1)
Basic Structure
169(2)
General Chemical Properties
171(1)
Synthesis
172(1)
Catabolism and Nitrogen Balance
173(1)
Hormonal Regulation of Protein Metabolism
174(1)
Classification
174(1)
Plasma Proteins
175(1)
Prealbumin
175(2)
Albumin
177(1)
Globulins
178(6)
Other Proteins of Clinical Significance
184(1)
Troponin
184(1)
Natriuretic Peptides
184(1)
Fibronectin
184(1)
Cross-Linked C-Telopeptide
184(1)
Cystatin C
184(1)
Plasma Total Protein Abnormalities
185(1)
Hypoproteinemia
185(1)
Hyperproteinemia
185(1)
Methods of Analysis
185(1)
Sample Requirements
186(1)
Total Protein
186(1)
Albumin
187(1)
Immunochemical Assays
188(1)
Electrophoresis
188(6)
Proteins in Other Body Fluids
194(1)
Urine
194(2)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
196(2)
Hemoglobin
198(1)
Synthesis and Degradation of Hemoglobin
198(1)
Myoglobin
199(1)
Heme
199(1)
Synthesis of Heme
200(1)
Disorders of Heme Biosynthesis
200(2)
Clinical Application
202(1)
Analytical Methods
202(5)
Chapter 7 Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds
207(18)
Shawn H.W. Luby
Urea
208(1)
Biochemistry
209(1)
Clinical Application
209(1)
Analytical Methods
210(1)
Pathophysiology
211(1)
Uric Acid
212(1)
Biochemistry
212(1)
Clinical Application
212(1)
Analytical Methods
213(1)
Pathophysiology
214(1)
Creatinine/Creatine
215(1)
Biochemistry
215(1)
Clinical Application
215(3)
Analytical Methods
218(2)
Pathophysiology
220(1)
Ammonia
220(1)
Biochemistry
220(1)
Clinical Application
220(1)
Analytical Methods
221(1)
Pathophysiology
222(3)
Chapter 8 Enzymes
225(35)
Donna J. Spannaus-Martin
General Properties and Definitions
226(1)
Enzyme Classification and Nomenclature
227(2)
Enzyme Kinetics
229(1)
Enzyme Catalysis
229(1)
Factors That Influence Enzymatic Reactions
230(3)
Measurement of Enzyme Activity
233(2)
Calculation of Enzyme Activity
235(1)
Measurement of Enzyme Mass
235(1)
Enzymes as Reagents
235(1)
Enzymes of Clinical Significance
236(1)
Creatine Kinase
236(6)
Lactate Dehydrogenase
242(1)
Aspartate Aminotransferase
243(1)
Alanine Aminotransferase
244(1)
Alkaline Phosphatase
245(2)
Acid Phosphatase
247(2)
γ-Glutamyltransferase
249(1)
5'-Nucleotidase
250(1)
Amylase
251(2)
Lipase
253(1)
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
254(1)
Macroenzymes
254(1)
Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
255(5)
Chapter 9 Carbohydrates
260(26)
Vicki S. Freeman
General Description of Carbohydrates
262(1)
Classification of Carbohydrates
262(1)
Stereoisomers
263(1)
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
263(1)
Chemical Properties of Carbohydrates
264(1)
Glucose Metabolism
264(1)
Fate of Glucose
265(2)
Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism
267(1)
Hyperglycemia
268(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
268(3)
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus
271(1)
Criteria for Testing for Prediabetes and Diabetes
271(1)
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
272(1)
Criteria for the Testing and Diagnosis of GDM
273(2)
Hypoglycemia
275(1)
Genetic Defects in Carbohydrate Metabolism
276(1)
Role of the Laboratory in Differential Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Glucose Metabolic Alterations
277(1)
Methods of Glucose Measurement
277(2)
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose
279(1)
Glucose Tolerance and 2-Hour Postprandial Tests
279(1)
Glycosylated Hemoglobin/HbAlc
280(2)
Ketones
282(1)
Albuminuria
283(1)
Islet Autoantibody, Insulin Testing, and C-Peptide Testing
283(3)
Chapter 10 Lipids and Lipoproteins
286(30)
Kathleen M. Kenwright Lipid
Chemistry
288(1)
Fatty Acids
288(1)
Triglycerides
289(1)
Phospholipids
289(1)
Cholesterol
290(1)
General Lipoprotein Structure
290(2)
Chylomicrons
292(1)
Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein
292(1)
Intermediate-Density Lipoproteins
292(1)
Low-Density Lipoproteins
293(1)
Lipoprotein (a)
293(1)
High-Density Lipoproteins
293(1)
Lipoprotein X
294(1)
Lipoprotein Physiology and Metabolism
294(1)
Lipid Absorption
294(1)
Exogenous Pathway
295(1)
Endogenous Pathway
295(1)
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
296(1)
Lipid and Lipoprotein Population Distributions
296(1)
National Cholesterol Education Program
297(1)
Dyslipidemia and Children
297(1)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
298(2)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Lipid Disorders
300(1)
Arteriosclerosis
300(2)
Hyperlipoproteinemia
302(1)
Hypercholesterolemia
302(1)
PCSK9
303(1)
Hypertriglyceridemia
304(1)
Combined Hyperlipidemia
304(1)
Lp(a) Elevation
305(1)
Non-HDL Cholesterol
305(1)
Hypobetalipoproteinemia
305(1)
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
305(1)
Lipid and Lipoprotein Analyses
306(1)
Lipid Measurement
306(1)
Cholesterol Measurement
306(1)
Triglyceride Measurement
307(1)
Lipoprotein Methods
308(1)
HDL Methods
309(1)
LDL Methods
309(1)
Apolipoprotein Methods
310(1)
Phospholipid Measurement
310(1)
Fatty Acid Measurement
311(1)
Standardization of Lipid and Lipoprotein Assays
311(1)
Precision
311(1)
Accuracy
311(1)
Matrix Interactions
311(1)
CDC Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network
312(1)
Analytic Performance Goals
312(1)
Quality Control
312(1)
Specimen Collection
312(4)
Chapter 11 Electrolytes
316(32)
James March Mistier
Water
317(1)
Osmolality
318(3)
The Electrolytes
321(1)
Sodium
321(4)
Potassium
325(4)
Chloride
329(1)
Bicarbonate
330(1)
Calcium
331(5)
Magnesium
336(5)
Phosphate
341(1)
Lactate
342(2)
Anion Gap
344(1)
Electrolytes and Renal Function
345(3)
Chapter 12 Blood Gases, pH, and Buffer Systems
348(21)
Kyle B. Riding
Acid-Base Balance
349(1)
Maintenance of H+
349(1)
Buffer Systems: Regulation of H+ and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
350(1)
Regulation of Acid-Base Balance: Lungs and Kidneys (Transport of Carbon Dioxide)
350(2)
Assessment of Acid-Base Homeostasis
352(1)
The Bicarbonate Buffering System
352(1)
Acid-Base Disorders: Acidosis and Alkalosis
353(3)
Determining Patient Acid-Base Status
356(1)
Oxygen and Gas Exchange
356(1)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
356(2)
Oxygen Transport
358(1)
Assessment of a Patient's Oxygen Status
358(1)
Hemoglobin-Oxygen Dissociation
359(1)
Measurement
360(1)
Blood Gas Analyzers: pH, pC02, and p02
360(1)
Measurement of p02
360(1)
Measurement of pH and pC02
361(1)
Types of Sensors
361(1)
Calibration
362(1)
Correction for Temperature
362(1)
Calculated Parameters
362(1)
Spectrophotometry Determination of Oxygen Saturation (CO-Oximetry)
363(1)
Quality Assurance
364(1)
Preanalytic Considerations
364(2)
Analytic Assessments: Quality Control and Proficiency Testing
366(3)
PART 3 Endocrinology and Clinical Correlation
369(116)
Chapter 13 Basic Endocrinology
370(25)
Scoff Moore
Hormone Classification
372(1)
Amine
372(1)
Peptide
372(1)
Protein
372(3)
Glycoprotein
375(1)
Steroid
375(1)
Fatty Acid
375(1)
Introduction to Hormones
376(1)
Growth Hormone (GH)
376(1)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and the Adrenal Cortical Hormones
377(1)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
378(1)
Prolactin (PRL)
378(1)
Androgens
379(1)
Progesterone
379(1)
Estrogens/Estradiol/Estriol
380(1)
Catecholamines
380(1)
Thyroid Hormone (Tp T,) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
381(2)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
383(1)
Calcitonin and Procalcitonin
384(1)
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
384(1)
Insulin
384(1)
Glucagon
384(1)
Gastrin and Secretin
385(1)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
385(1)
Serotonin/5-hydroxyindolacetic Acid (5-HIAA)
385(1)
Hormone Metabolism
385(1)
Alcohol Consumption
386(1)
Adrenal Steroid Hormone Synthesis
386(1)
Mechanisms of Elimination
386(1)
Hormone Transport
386(1)
Solubility
386(1)
Carrier Proteins
386(1)
Micelles
386(1)
Feedback Mechanisms
387(1)
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
388(1)
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
388(1)
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Disorders
388(1)
Other Factors That Affect Hormone Levels
389(1)
Emotional Stress
389(1)
Time of Day
389(1)
Menstrual Cycle
390(1)
Menopause
390(1)
Food Intake/Diet
391(1)
Drugs
391(4)
Chapter 14 Thyroid Function
395(15)
Yukari Nishizawa-Brennen
The Thyroid
396(1)
Thyroid Anatomy and Development
396(1)
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
396(2)
Protein Binding of Thyroid Hormone
398(1)
Control of Thyroid Function
398(1)
Actions of Thyroid Hormones
399(1)
Tests for Thyroid Function
399(1)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
399(1)
Thyroxine (T4)
400(1)
Triiodothyronine (T,)
400(1)
Free Thyroxine (FT4)
400(1)
Free Triiodothyronine (FT,)
400(1)
Thyroglobulin Antibody
401(1)
Thyroperoxidase Antibody
402(1)
Thyrotropin Receptor Antibody
402(1)
Other Tools for Thyroid Evaluation
402(1)
Nuclear Medicine Evaluation
402(1)
Thyroid Ultrasound
403(1)
Fine-Needle Aspiration
403(1)
Disorders of the Thyroid
403(1)
Hypothyroidism
403(2)
Thyrotoxicosis
405(1)
Hyperthyroidism
405(2)
Toxic Adenoma and Multinodular Goiter
407(1)
Drug-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction
407(1)
Amiodarone-lnduced Thyroid Disease
407(1)
Subacute Thyroiditis
407(1)
Nonthyroidal Illness
408(1)
Thyroid Nodules
408(2)
Chapter 15 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Function
410(16)
Stephanie L. Jacobson
Embryology and Anatomy
411(1)
Functional Aspects of the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Unit
412(1)
Pituitary Tumors
413(1)
Hypophysiotropic or Hypothalamic Hormones
413(1)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
414(1)
Growth Hormone
415(1)
Actions of GH
415(1)
Testing
416(1)
GH Excess
417(1)
GH Deficiency
418(1)
Prolactin
418(1)
Prolactinoma
419(1)
Other Causes of Hyperprolactinemia
419(1)
Clinical Evaluation of Hyperprolactinemia
419(1)
Management of Prolactinoma
419(1)
Idiopathic Galactorrhea
420(1)
Hypopituitarism
420(1)
Etiology of Hypopituitarism
420(1)
Treatment of Panhypopituitarism
421(1)
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
421(1)
Oxytocin
422(1)
Arginine Vasopressin
422(4)
Chapter 16 Adrenal Function
426(21)
Stephanie L. Jacobson
Embryology and Anatomy
427(1)
The Adrenal Cortex
428(1)
Glucocorticoid Physiology
428(1)
Cortex Steroidogenesis
428(1)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
429(1)
Primary Aldosteronism
430(1)
Etiology
431(1)
Diagnosis
431(1)
Treatment
431(1)
Adrenal Insufficiency
431(1)
Symptoms
432(1)
Diagnosis
432(1)
Treatment
433(1)
Isolated Hypoaldosteronism
433(1)
Hypercortisolism (Cushing's Syndrome)
434(1)
Etiology
434(1)
Diagnosis
434(2)
Treatment
436(1)
Adrenal Androgens
437(1)
Androgen Excess
438(1)
Diagnosis
438(1)
Treatment
438(1)
The Adrenal Medulla
439(1)
Embryology
439(1)
Biosynthesis, Storage, and Secretion of Catecholamines
439(1)
Metabolism and Excretion of Catecholamines
440(1)
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
440(1)
Epidemiology
441(1)
Clinical Presentation
441(1)
Diagnosis
441(1)
Result Interpretation
442(1)
Treatment
443(1)
Adrenal Incidentaloma
443(4)
Chapter 17 Gonadal Function
447(22)
Jane R. Semler
The Testes
448(1)
Functional Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Tract
448(1)
Physiology of the Testicles
449(2)
Disorders of Sexual Development and Testicular Hypofunction
451(3)
Diagnosis of Hypogonadism
454(1)
Testosterone Replacement Therapy
455(1)
Monitoring Testosterone Replacement Therapy
456(1)
The Ovaries
456(1)
Early Ovarian Development
456(2)
Functional Anatomy of the Ovaries
458(1)
Hormonal Production by the Ovaries
459(1)
The Menstrual Cycle
459(1)
Hormonal Control of Ovulation
460(1)
Pubertal Development in the Female
460(1)
Precocious Sexual Development
460(1)
Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities
460(2)
Evaluation of Female Infertility
462(1)
Hirsutism
463(1)
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
464(5)
Chapter 18 Parathyroid Function
469(16)
Rebbecca Silva
Parathyroid Glands
470(1)
Parathyroid Hormone
470(1)
Vitamin D
471(1)
Effects of the Parathyroid Hormone
472(1)
Gl Regulation
473(1)
Role of Kidneys
473(1)
Bone Physiology
474(1)
Parathyroid Disorders
475(1)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
475(3)
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
478(1)
Secondary and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism in Renal Failure
478(1)
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
479(1)
Hyperthyroidism
480(1)
Addison's Disease
480(1)
Medications That Cause Hypercalcemia
480(1)
Hypervitaminosis
480(1)
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
480(1)
Hypoparathyroidism
480(1)
Metabolic Bone Diseases
481(1)
Rickets and Osteomalacia
481(1)
Osteoporosis
482(3)
PART 4 Organ Systems and Clinical Correlation
485(94)
Chapter 19 Liver Function
486(31)
Janelle M. Chiasera
Anatomy
487(1)
Gross Anatomy
487(2)
Microscopic Anatomy
489(1)
Biochemical Functions
489(1)
Excretory and Secretory Functions
489(1)
Metabolism
490(1)
Detoxification and Drug Metabolism
491(1)
Liver Function Alterations During Disease
492(1)
Jaundice
492(2)
Cirrhosis
494(1)
Tumors
495(1)
Reyes Syndrome
496(1)
Drug- and Alcohol-Related Disorders
496(1)
Assessment of Liver Function/Liver Function Tests
497(1)
Bilirubin
497(2)
Methods
499(1)
Urobilinogen in Urine and Feces
500(1)
Serum Bile Acids
501(1)
Enzymes
501(1)
Tests Measuring Hepatic Synthetic Ability
502(1)
Tests Measuring Nitrogen Metabolism
503(1)
Hepatitis
503(14)
Chapter 20 Cardiac Function
517(22)
Teresa A. Mortier
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
518(3)
Cardiac Ischemia, Angina, and Heart Attacks
521(2)
Markers of Cardiac Damage
523(1)
Initial Markers of Cardiac Damage
523(1)
Cardiac Troponins
524(3)
Myoglobin
527(1)
Cardiac Injury
527(1)
Cardiac Biomarkers in Heart Failure
528(1)
Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Heart Failure
529(1)
Cardiac Troponins
530(1)
Markers of Coronary Heart Disease Risk and Plaque Instability
530(1)
C-Reactive Protein
530(1)
Homocysteine
531(1)
Markers of Pulmonary Embolism
532(2)
Use of D-Dimer Detection in PE
534(1)
Value of Assaying Troponin and BNP in Acute PE
534(1)
Coronary Heart Disease
534(5)
Chapter 21 Renal Function
539(27)
Peter O'Brien
Renal Anatomy
540(2)
Renal Physiology
542(1)
Glomerular Filtration
542(1)
Tubular Function
543(2)
Elimination of Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds
545(1)
Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
546(2)
Endocrine Function
548(1)
Analytic Procedures
548(1)
Creatinine Clearance
548(1)
Estimated GFR
549(1)
Cystatin C
550(1)
β-Microglobulin
550(1)
Myoglobin
550(1)
Albuminuria
551(1)
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin
551(1)
NephroCheck
551(1)
Urinalysis
551(5)
Pathophysiology
556(1)
Glomerular Diseases
556(1)
Tubular Diseases
556(1)
Urinary Tract Infection/Obstruction
557(1)
Renal Calculi
557(1)
Renal Failure
558(8)
Chapter 22 Pancreatic Function
566(13)
Gerald D. Redwine
John E. Lee Sang
Amanda Rivera-Begeman
Physiology of Pancreatic Function
567(2)
Diseases of the Pancreas
569(2)
Tests of Pancreatic Function
571(1)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) Test
571(1)
Fecal Fat Analysis
572(1)
Fecal Enzymes
573(1)
Sweat Electrolyte Testing
574(1)
Serum Enzymes
574(1)
Tests of Gastric Secretion and Intestinal Function
575(4)
PART 5 Specialty Areas of Clinical chemistry
579(202)
Chapter 23 Body Fluid Analysis
580(21)
Kyle B. Riding
Cerebrospinal Fluid
581(6)
Serous Fluids
587(1)
Pleural Fluid
588(1)
Pericardial Fluid
589(1)
Peritoneal Fluid
590(1)
Amniotic Fluid
591(1)
Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
592(1)
Neural Tube Defects
593(1)
Fetal Lung Maturity
593(2)
Phosphatidylglycerol
595(1)
Lamellar Body Counts
595(1)
Sweat
596(1)
Synovial Fluid
597(4)
Chapter 24 Pregnancy and Prenatal Testing
601(21)
Heather L. Phillips
Michelle R. Campbell
Pregnancy
603(1)
Conception and Embryonic Development
603(1)
Fetal Development
603(1)
Delivery
604(1)
Transformation During Pregnancy
604(1)
Plasma Volume Increase
605(1)
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
605(1)
Natural Decreases in Analytes
605(1)
Upregulation of Hormones and Steroids
606(1)
Increased Glomerular Filtration Rate
607(1)
Hyperventilation
607(1)
Endocrine
607(1)
Cholesterols
608(1)
Immune System
608(1)
Neuroactive Hormones
608(1)
Analytes for Maternal and Fetal Health Assessment
608(1)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
608(3)
α-Fetoprotein (AFP)
611(1)
Fetal Amniotic Fluid α-Fetoprotein
612(1)
Unconjugated Estriol
612(1)
Inhibin A
613(1)
The Triple and Quadruple Screen Test
614(1)
Acetylcholinesterase
614(1)
Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A)
614(1)
Progesterone
614(1)
Glucose
615(1)
Fetal Fibronectin
615(1)
Common Diseases Associated with the Developing Fetus
615(1)
Neural Tube Defects
615(1)
Down Syndrome
616(1)
Trisomy 18
617(1)
Isoimmunization
617(1)
Preterm Delivery
617(1)
Common Diseases Associated with the Mother and Pregnancy
617(1)
Preeclampsia
618(1)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
618(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy
618(1)
Analyte Deficiency
619(1)
Other Clinical Impairments
619(3)
Chapter 25 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
622(24)
Jie Gao
Floyd Josephat
Pharmacokinetics
624(1)
Routes of Administration
624(1)
Drug Absorption
624(1)
Drug Distribution
625(1)
Free Versus Bound Drugs
625(1)
Drug Metabolism
625(1)
Drug Elimination
626(2)
Elimination Example
628(2)
Pharmacodynamics
630(1)
Specimen Collection
631(1)
Pharmacogenomics
632(1)
Cardioactive Drugs
632(1)
Digoxin
632(1)
Quinidine
633(1)
Procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide
634(1)
Disopyramide
634(1)
Antibiotics
635(1)
Aminoglycosides
635(1)
Gentamicin
635(1)
Tobramycin
635(1)
Amikacin
635(1)
Vancomycin
636(1)
Antiepileptic Drugs
636(1)
Primidone
636(1)
Phenobarbital
636(1)
Phenytoin and Free Phenytoin
637(1)
Valproic Acid
637(1)
Carbamazepine
638(1)
Ethosuximide
638(1)
Felbamate
638(1)
Gabapentin
638(1)
Lamotrigine
639(1)
Levetiracetam
639(1)
Oxcarbazepine
639(1)
Tiagabine
640(1)
Topiramate
640(1)
Zonisamide
640(1)
Psychoactive Drugs
640(1)
Lithium
640(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
641(1)
Clozapine
641(1)
Olanzapine
641(1)
Immunosuppressive Drugs
642(1)
Cyclosporine
642(1)
Tacrolimus
642(1)
Sirolimus
642(1)
Everolimus
643(1)
Mycophenolic Acid
643(1)
Antineoplastics
643(1)
Methotrexate
643(1)
Bronchodilators
644(1)
Theophylline
644(2)
Chapter 26 Toxicology
646(23)
Christopher R. Swartz
Xenobiotics, Poisons, and Toxins
648(1)
Routes of Exposure
648(1)
Dose-Response Relationship
648(1)
Acute and Chronic Toxicity
649(1)
Analysis of Toxic Agents
650(1)
Toxicology of Specific Agents
651(1)
Alcohols
651(3)
Carbon Monoxide
654(1)
Caustic Agents
655(1)
Cyanide
655(1)
Metals and Metalloids
656(4)
Pesticides
660(1)
Toxicology of Therapeutic Drugs
661(1)
Salicylates
661(1)
Acetaminophen
661(1)
Toxicology of Drugs of Abuse
662(1)
Amphetamines
663(1)
Sedatives-Hypnotics
664(1)
Barbiturates
664(1)
Benzodiazepines
665(1)
Cannabinoids: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
665(1)
Cocaine
665(1)
Opioids
665(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
666(1)
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
666(1)
Phencyclidine
666(1)
Anabolic Steroids
667(2)
Chapter 27 Trace Elements, Toxic Elements, and Vitamins
669(34)
Michelle R. Campbell
Trace and Toxic Elements
670(1)
Instrumentation and Methods
671(5)
Aluminum
676(1)
Arsenic
677(1)
Cadmium
678(1)
Chromium
679(1)
Copper
680(1)
Iron
681(3)
Lead
684(1)
Manganese
685(1)
Mercury
686(1)
Molybdenum
687(1)
Selenium
688(1)
Zinc
689(1)
Vitamins
690(1)
Overview
690(1)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
691(2)
Water-Soluble Vitamins
693(10)
Chapter 28 Tumor Markers
703(21)
Carleen Van Siclen
Types of Tumor Markers
706(3)
Applications of Tumor Marker Detection
709(1)
Screening and Risk Assessment
710(1)
Prognosis
710(1)
Monitoring Effectiveness of Therapy and Disease Recurrence
710(1)
Laboratory Considerations for Tumor Marker Measurement
710(1)
Immunoassays
711(1)
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
712(1)
Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence
712(1)
Enzyme Assays
712(1)
Tumor Marker Tests
713(1)
α-Fetoprotein
713(1)
Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)
714(1)
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
714(2)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
716(1)
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
716(3)
Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)
719(1)
Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)
719(1)
Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
720(1)
Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4)
720(1)
Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE)
721(3)
Chapter 29 Point-of-Care Testing
724(10)
Heather McNasby
Laboratory Regulations
725(1)
Accreditation
725(1)
POCT Complexity
725(2)
Implementation
727(1)
Establishing Need
727(1)
POCT Implementation Protocol
727(1)
Personnel Requirements
728(1)
Quality Management
729(1)
Accuracy Requirements
729(1)
QC and Proficiency Testing
729(1)
POC Applications
730(2)
Informatics and POCT
732(2)
Chapter 30 Newborn and Pediatric Clinical Chemistry
734(26)
Khushbu Patel
Tracey G. Polsky
Developmental Changes from Neonate to Adult
735(1)
Respiration and Circulation
736(1)
Growth
736(1)
Organ Development
736(1)
Problems of Prematurity and Immaturity
736(1)
Pediatric Sample Collection and Handling
736(1)
Phlebotomy
736(2)
Preanalytic Concerns
738(1)
Choice of Analyzer
738(1)
Point-of-Care Analysis in Pediatrics
738(1)
Turnaround Time
738(1)
Evaluation of POCT Devices
739(1)
Device Limitations for Pediatric Use
739(1)
Regulation of Blood Gases and pH in Neonates and Infants
739(1)
Blood Gas and Acid-Base Measurement
740(1)
Regulation of Electrolytes and Water: Renal Function
740(1)
Disorders Affecting Electrolytes and Water Balance
741(1)
Development of Liver Function
742(1)
Physiologic Jaundice
742(1)
Energy Metabolism
742(1)
Diabetes
743(1)
Nitrogen Metabolism
744(1)
Nitrogenous End Products as Markers of Renal Function
745(1)
Liver Function Tests
745(1)
Calcium and Bone Metabolism in Pediatrics
746(1)
Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia
746(1)
Endocrine Function in Pediatrics
747(1)
Hormone Secretion
747(1)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid System
748(1)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Cortex System
748(1)
Growth Factors
749(1)
Endocrine Control of Sexual Maturation
750(1)
Development of the Immune System
750(1)
Basic Concepts of Immunity
750(1)
Components of the Immune System
750(1)
Neonatal and Infant Antibody Production
751(1)
Immunity Disorders
752(1)
Genetic Diseases
753(1)
Cystic Fibrosis
753(1)
Newborn Screening for Whole Populations
754(1)
Diagnosis of Metabolic Disease in the Clinical Setting
755(2)
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
757(1)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
757(1)
Toxicologic Issues in Pediatric Clinical Chemistry
757(3)
Chapter 31 Geriatric Clinical Chemistry
760(21)
Laura M. Hickes
J. Marvin McBride
The Aging of America
761(1)
Aging and Medical Science
762(3)
General Physiologic Changes with Aging
765(1)
Muscle
765(1)
Bone
765(1)
Gastrointestinal System
765(1)
Kidney/Urinary System
765(1)
Immune System
766(1)
Endocrine System
766(1)
Sex Hormones
766(1)
Glucose Metabolism
767(1)
Effects of Age on Laboratory Testing
767(1)
Muscle
767(1)
Bone
767(1)
Gastrointestinal System
768(1)
Urinary System
768(1)
Immune System
769(1)
Endocrine System
769(1)
Sex Hormones
769(1)
Glucose Metabolism
769(1)
Establishing Reference Ranges for Older Adults
769(1)
Preanalytical Variables Unique to Geriatric Patients
770(1)
Diseases Prevalent in Older Adults
771(2)
Age-Associated Changes in Drug Metabolism
773(1)
Absorption
774(1)
Distribution
774(1)
Metabolism
774(1)
Elimination
774(1)
Atypical Presentations of Common Diseases
775(1)
Geriatric Syndromes
776(1)
The Impact of Exercise and Nutrition on Chemistry Results in the Geriatric Population
776(5)
Appendix: Reference Ranges 781(8)
Glossary 789(16)
Index 805
Adjunct Faculty, Medical Laboratory Scientist Program, Santa Fe College, Alachua, FloridaRetired Faculty, Medical Technology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North CarolinaRetired Program Director and University Department Chair, Medical Laboratory Science and Medical Laboratory Technician Program, Keiser University, Orlando, Florida'

Clinical ProfessorDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashville, TennesseeandPathologistHolland HospitalHolland, Michigan

Faculty, MCSHS Medical Laboratory Science ProgramAssistant Professor, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicJacksonville, Florida

Program Director and Fulltime LecturerDepartment of Medical Laboratory ScienceUniversity of Massachusetts DartmouthNorth Dartmouth, Massachusetts