List of contributors |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Section 1 Assessment guidelines |
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1 Assessment and identification of learning disabilities |
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3 | (30) |
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Models of learning disability identification |
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4 | (5) |
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School-based identification |
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6 | (2) |
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Identification in clinical settings |
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8 | (1) |
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Learning disabilities: achievement, capability, unexpectedness, and cause |
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9 | (7) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (2) |
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Where to focus time and resources |
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16 | (1) |
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Identifying learning disabilities: a hybrid model |
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17 | (8) |
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Inadequate response to appropriate instruction |
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18 | (1) |
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Poor achievement in reading, mathematics, and/or written expression |
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19 | (5) |
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Evidence that other factors are not the primary cause |
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24 | (1) |
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Take-home messages and future directions |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (5) |
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2 Assessment and diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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33 | (22) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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Situational variability of primary symptoms |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Guidelines for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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39 | (10) |
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Diagnostic criteria and classification |
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39 | (3) |
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Multi informant, multimethod assessment strategy |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (3) |
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Interpreting diagnostic evaluation data |
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46 | (3) |
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Diagnostic feedback and treatment planning |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (5) |
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3 Assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid reading disorder with consideration of executive functioning |
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55 | (22) |
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Introduction and overview |
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55 | (6) |
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The importance of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbidity with learning disorders |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Prevalence and clinical implications of comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder |
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57 | (1) |
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Functional implications of comorbidity |
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58 | (3) |
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Competing explanations for comorbidity |
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61 | (6) |
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61 | (1) |
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Common etiology and causal models as explanations for comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder |
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62 | (1) |
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Family studies of reading disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and their comorbidity |
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63 | (1) |
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Twin studies of reading disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and their comorbidity |
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64 | (1) |
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Molecular genetic studies of reading disorder, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, and their comorbidity |
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65 | (1) |
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Neurocognitive models of reading disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and their comorbidity |
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66 | (1) |
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Conclusion and future directions |
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67 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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Future directions for studies of comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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73 | (4) |
Section 2 Recommendations for intervention and treatment |
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4 Response to intervention framework: an application to school settings |
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77 | (22) |
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Historical overview of response to intervention and rationale for its use |
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78 | (1) |
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Response to intervention as three levels of increasingly intensive services |
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79 | (5) |
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General description of response to intervention levels of instruction |
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80 | (2) |
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Response to intervention scenario with case example: Norma |
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82 | (2) |
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Questions raised about the response to intervention model |
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84 | (4) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Tertiary prevention/intervention |
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88 | (1) |
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Response to intervention evaluation |
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88 | (4) |
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National Research Center on Learning Disabilities studies |
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89 | (1) |
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National evaluation of response to intervention |
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90 | (2) |
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Implications for future research and practice |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (5) |
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99 | (26) |
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Important component abilities in achievement at the elementary level |
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100 | (6) |
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Important components of oral language and reading |
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100 | (4) |
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Important components of math |
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104 | (1) |
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Important components of written expression |
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105 | (1) |
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Developmental shifts and interrelationships |
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105 | (1) |
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Common profiles of academic difficulties |
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106 | (4) |
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Three common profiles of poor reading |
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106 | (3) |
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Implications of the profiles for math and written expression |
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109 | (1) |
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Effective educational therapy |
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110 | (9) |
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Characteristics of explicit, systematic teaching |
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110 | (4) |
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The benefits of visual aids and manipulatives |
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114 | (1) |
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Appropriate curricula and materials |
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115 | (1) |
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Application to children with different poor reader profiles |
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115 | (4) |
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Communicating with parents and finding appropriate therapy |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (4) |
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6 Academic accommodations and modifications |
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125 | (24) |
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125 | (1) |
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Legal classifications for specific learning disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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126 | (9) |
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126 | (7) |
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Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 |
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133 | (2) |
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Accommodations and modifications |
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135 | (1) |
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Definition and differentiation |
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135 | (1) |
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Accommodations and modifications for specific learning disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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136 | (4) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Making accommodations and modifications effective |
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141 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (2) |
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7 Behavioral interventions |
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149 | (22) |
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Theoretical underpinnings of behavioral interventions |
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150 | (1) |
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Behavioral parent training |
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151 | (6) |
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152 | (5) |
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School-based interventions |
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157 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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Child organizational skill interventions |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Multicomponent behavioral interventions |
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161 | (2) |
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161 | (2) |
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Summary and future directions |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (6) |
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8 Executive function training for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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171 | (26) |
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171 | (1) |
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Why alternative treatments are needed for children with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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171 | (2) |
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Implications derived from clinical outcome studies |
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171 | (2) |
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Implications derived from neuroimaging studies |
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173 | (1) |
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Strengthening basic cognitive processes associated with core foundational learning |
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173 | (4) |
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Implications derived from cognitive/experimental investigations |
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173 | (2) |
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The functional working memory model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and transfer effects |
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175 | (2) |
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Executive function training programs |
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177 | (3) |
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Conceptual rationale and currently available programs |
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178 | (1) |
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Executive function training efficacy |
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178 | (2) |
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Ready, fire, misaim approach of executive function training programs and methodological considerations |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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183 | (1) |
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Transcranial direct current stimulation |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Practitioner considerations and recommendations |
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183 | (1) |
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Organizational strategies to improve executive function-dependent academic activities |
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184 | (2) |
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Organizational Skills Training |
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184 | (1) |
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Homework, Organization, and Planning Skills |
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185 | (1) |
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Supporting Teen's Autonomy Daily |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Memory strategies to improve learning |
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187 | (4) |
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Managing information encoding difficulties |
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187 | (1) |
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Information input channel |
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188 | (1) |
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Information retention and retrieval |
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189 | (2) |
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Summary and future directions |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (26) |
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Learning disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder often cooccur |
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197 | (1) |
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Complexities: severity of risk, individual variability, and comorbidity |
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198 | (1) |
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Importance of integrating learning disorder-attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder care |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (21) |
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder + learning disorder |
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200 | (4) |
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Learning disorder + comorbidity |
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204 | (5) |
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
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209 | (5) |
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder + comorbidity |
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214 | (6) |
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Important future directions for learning disorder-attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder research |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
Index |
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223 | |