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El. knyga: Coffee Agroecology: A New Approach to Understanding Agricultural Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Development

4.40/5 (7 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Michigan, USA), (University of Michigan, USA)
  • Formatas: 358 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Feb-2015
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781134056149
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Coffee Agroecology: A New Approach to Understanding Agricultural Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Sustainable DevelopmentDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 358 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Feb-2015
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781134056149
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

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Based on principles of the conservation and optimization of biodiversity and of equity and sustainability, this book focuses on the ecology of the coffee agroecosystem as a model for a sustainable agricultural ecosystem. It draws on the authors' own research conducted over the last twenty years as well as incorporating the vast literature that has been generated on coffee agroecosystems from around the world.

The book uses an integrated approach that weaves together various lines of research to understand the ecology of a very diverse tropical agroforestry system. Key concepts explored include biodiversity patterns, metapopulation dynamics and ecological networks. These are all set in a socioeconomic and political framework which relates them to the realities of farmers' livelihoods.

The authors provide a novel synthesis that will generate new understanding and can be applied to other examples of sustainable agriculture and food production. This synthesis also explains the ecosystem services provided by the approach, including the economic, fair trade and political aspects surrounding this all-important global commodity.

Recenzijos

"Through its detailed documentation of ecological interactions between individual organisms and across landscapes, Coffee Agroecology contributes to practical explanations of how agriculture and biodiversity conservation may take place simultaneously." Barbara Forbes, Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems

"Even if you are not particularly interested in coffee this book makes a nice applied ecological study looking at ecological interactions in producing a product that most of us simply take for granted." - Peter Thomas, Bulletin of the British Ecological Society

"This book is an academic tour de force that brings together history, ecology, agriculture, biology, economics, politics and social sciences in a single narrative around coffee production, thereby providing an example for other crop production systems. Its optimistic conclusion is that the ecosystems, biodiversity, agricultural production and famers livelihoods can all benefit from appropriate, thought-intensive, agroecological syndromes of production." Paul Harding, Agriculture for Development

List of figures
ix
List of tables
xvii
Preface xix
1 Wake up and smell the coffee (or a tale of two farms)
1(11)
Introduction
1(1)
Example 1 The farm as a component of industrial enterprise
2(2)
Example 2 The farm as part of nature
4(2)
The philosophical/methodological approach of this book
6(3)
The coffee agroecosystem as a model system
9(3)
2 A biodiverse cup of coffee: coffee agroforests as repositories of tropical biodiversity
12(42)
Background to biodiversity
12(5)
Taxonomic biases
12(1)
Geographic bias
13(2)
The agricultural connection
15(2)
Not all agriculture is the same
17(6)
Historical roots of agricultural transformation and biodiversity loss
17(3)
Biodiversity on the farm
20(3)
Intensification and biodiversity: coffee as a model system
23(7)
The intensification gradient in coffee
23(4)
Costa Rica, coffee intensification and biodiversity: a case study
27(3)
Three decades of biodiversity research in coffee agroecosystems
30(9)
Pioneering biodiversity research in the coffee agroecosystem
30(1)
Biodiversity loss and coffee intensification: what causes the pattern?
31(8)
Balancing ecological and economic variables: optimality under constant conditions
39(15)
3 The coffee agroecosystem as a high-quality matrix
54(38)
The coffee system and biodiversity debates
54(2)
Bringing dynamics into the picture
56(20)
Foundational arguments
56(3)
The ubiquitousness of extinctions
59(5)
Interfragment migrations
64(5)
The dynamics of extinctions and migrations in fragmented habitats: a theoretical approach
69(7)
Landscape structure and interfragment dynamics
76(13)
The basic elements of the matrix
78(6)
A mean field approach to propagating sinks and ephemeral sources
84(5)
Conclusion
89(3)
4 Space matters: large-scale spatial ecology within the coffee agroecosystem
92(52)
What do the spots of the jaguar and the distribution of ants on a coffee plantation have in common?
92(5)
Spatial patterns, power functions and the Turing process in the ant Azteca
97(11)
Spatial patterns: Turing on the farm
97(7)
Pattern and power functions
104(4)
Implications of spatial patterns for system dynamics
108(7)
Source---sink populations and metapopulations
108(5)
Coccus viridis: a metapopulation or a source---sink population?
113(2)
The great transformation
115(26)
Population density
115(2)
The idea of regime change
117(6)
Changes in spatial patterns of Azteca
123(7)
Regime change and the assumed Turing suppressor
130(2)
Alternatives for the suppressive force: food web elements
132(2)
THE EFFECT OF A FUNGAL DISEASE ON SPATIAL PATTERNS
134(3)
THE EFFECT OF A MYRMECOPHILOUS BEETLE ON SPATIAL PATTERNS
137(4)
Summary
141(3)
5 Who's eating whom and how: trophic and trait-mediated cascades in the coffee agroecosystem
144(32)
Birds: from icons of biodiversity to functional components of agroecosystems
144(1)
Omnivory and its place in food web structure
145(14)
Theoretical framework: omnivory and its relatives
145(4)
Theoretical framework: coupled oscillators
149(3)
Herbivores and their arthropod and vertebrate predators
152(2)
Teasing out the trophic structure in the coffee agroecosystem
154(5)
Trait-mediated effects in food webs
159(17)
What is trait mediation?
159(2)
Conceptualizing trait-mediated effects as fundamental non-linearities
161(1)
The complicated system of trait-mediated interactions associated with the Azteca ant
161(9)
Trait-mediated indirect effects as coupling agents in food webs
170(6)
6 Interactions across spatial scales
176(20)
Introduction
176(2)
Small-scale patterns in the ant community
178(12)
Ecological competition and spatial pattern: the theory
179(3)
Natural history and spatial pattern: the special case of ants
182(1)
The major players in small-scale structuring
183(3)
The nature of the small-scale spatial pattern
186(4)
Interaction of the two spatial patterns and consequences for biological control
190(6)
Ants as predators of coffee pests
190(2)
The dialectics of predation and spatial structure
192(4)
7 Biodiversity and ecosystem services
196(44)
Introduction: the nature of ecosystem services
196(2)
Pest management
198(26)
Our approach
198(5)
Vertebrate insectivores
203(4)
Ants as predators
207(5)
Azteca and the pest control complex
212(1)
The Green Coffee Scale And The Myrmecophylous Beetle
213(1)
The Coffee Rust Disease
214(5)
The Coffee Leaf Miner
219(1)
The Pest Control Complex I
219(1)
Connecting Azteca With The Other Ant Predators
220(3)
The Pest Control Complex Ii
223(1)
Mitigating impacts of climate change
224(6)
Pollination services
230(6)
Bees and coffee yield
230(3)
Interactions between pollinators and other organisms
233(3)
Conclusion
236(4)
8 Coffee, the agroecological landscape and farmers' livelihoods
240(27)
The interpenetration of farmers' and biodiversity issues
240(1)
The historical trajectory of biodiversity conservation in tropical lands
241(11)
The key biodiversity versus agriculture debates (SLOSS, FT, LSLS)
241(8)
The key farming debates: the ideology of "intensification"
249(3)
The matrix quality model
252(12)
The importance of extinction in the matrix model
253(1)
What is in the matrix?
254(2)
Connecting the matrix to broader socioeconomic structures
256(4)
An alternative framework: the New Rurality
260(4)
The convergence of food production with nature conservation
264(3)
9 Syndromes of coffee production: embracing sustainability
267(23)
Syndromes of production as ecological regimes
267(3)
Dynamic background for syndromes
270(12)
The theory
270(4)
Educating the intuition about Q
274(1)
The case of coffee syndromes
275(6)
Self-generating dynamics of agricultural syndromes
281(1)
Biodiversity and function, conservation and matrix quality: the ecology and political ecology of coffee syndromes
282(8)
References 290(38)
Index 328
Ivette Perfecto is George W. Pack Professor of Ecology, Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, USA.

John Vandermeer is Asa Grey Distinguished University Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Alfred T. Thurnau Professor at the University of Michigan, USA.
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