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El. knyga: Cognitive Processes in Animal Behavior

Edited by Stewart H. Hulse (John Hopkins University), Edited by Werner K. Honig (Dalhousie University), Edited by Harry Fowler

Formatas: 482 pages
Serija: Psychology Library Editions: Comparative Psychology
Išleidimo metai: 19-Feb-2018
Leidėjas: Routledge
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351357098

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Formatas: 482 pages
Serija: Psychology Library Editions: Comparative Psychology
Išleidimo metai: 19-Feb-2018
Leidėjas: Routledge
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781351357098

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Originally published in 1978, this title starts with an introductory essay in which a metatheoretical and philosophical approach to the problem of cognition in animals is discussed. The succeeding chapters are arranged, topically, from basic associative processes to higher mental operations.

Originally published in 1978, this book is a collection of chapters based on the papers read at a conference in 1976 at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The title starts with an introductory essay in which a metatheoretical and philosophical approach to the problem of cognition in animals is discussed. The succeeding chapters are arranged, topically, from basic associative processes to higher mental operations. Problems derived from models of association are discussed; as well as work on attention, memory, and the processing of stimulus information; other deal with time, spatial, and serial organization of behaviour, and concept formation.

Preface

1 On The Conceptual Nature Of Cognitive Terms: An Initial Essay

(14)

Werner K. Honig

I Some Categories of Psychological Terms

(1)

II Some Functions of Cognitive Terms

(5)

III On the Identification of "Cognitive" Concepts

(6)

References

(1)

2 Some Implications Of A Cognitive Perspective On Pavlovian Conditioning

(36)

Robert A. Rescorla

I Relations Learned in Pavlovian Conditioning

(9)

II Relation Between Learning and Responding

(14)

III Representation of the Reinforcer

(8)

IV A Final Comment on the Description of Conditioning

(1)

References

(3)

3 Stimulus Relationships And Feature Selection In Learning And Behavior

(38)

Eliot Hearst

I Introduction

(5)

II Autoshaping, the Feature-Positive Effect, and Sign Tracking

(3)

III What is Learned in Sign Tracking: Stimulus-Stimulus vs. Response-Stimulus Relations

(12)

IV The Feature-Positive Effect Revisited

(12)

V Concluding Comments

(1)

References

(5)

4 The Role Of Stimulus Learning In Defensive Behavior

(20)

Robert C. Bolles

I Avoidance: Situational Factors

(3)

II Avoidance: Freezing Behavior

(2)

III Avoidance: Stimulus Learning Effects

(3)

IV Avoidance: Response Learning Effects

(3)

V Punishment: Response vs. Stimulus Learning

101

(3)

VI The Basis of Stimulus Learning

104

(1)

References

105

(4)

5 Cognitive Associations As Evident In The Blocking Effects Of Response-Contingent CSs

109

(46)

Harry Fowler

I Introduction

109

(2)

II Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer: Background and Methodology

111

(6)

III Assessment of the CS's Signaling and Affective Properties

117

(11)

IV Reinterpretation: Across-Reinforcement Blocking Effects

128

(3)

V Blocking and Counterblocking ("Superconditioning") Tests

131

(8)

VI Conclusions and Implications

139

(16)

6 Cognitive Or Associative Theories Of Conditioning: Implications Of An Analysis Of Blocking

155

(22)

N. J. Mackintosh

I Introduction

155

(2)

II Blocking as a Problem for Association Theory

157

(2)

III Analysis of the Attenuation of Blocking by Surprising Changes in Reinforcement

159

(13)

IV Conclusions and Implications

172

(2)

References

174

(3)

7 Expectancies And The Priming Of STM

177

(34)

Allan R. Wagner

I Expectancies and the Priming of STM

177

(1)

II The Priming of STM

178

(3)

III Retrieval-Generated Priming

181

(6)

IV Self-Generated Priming

187

(9)

V Extrapolation

196

(9)

VI Concluding Comments

205

(2)

References

207

(4)

8 Studies Of Working Memory In The Pigeon

211

(38)

Werner K. Honlg

I Working Memory, Reference Memory, and Associative Memory

211

(3)

II Three Working-Memory Paradigms

214

(5)

III The Advance-Key Procedure

219

(4)

IV The Modified Advance-Key Procedure

223

(2)

V The Control-Key Procedure

225

(4)

VI The Functional Characteristics of the Initial Stimulus Period

229

(7)

VII The Role of Differential Stimulus Feedback in the Terminal Period

236

(3)

VIII General Discussion

239

(10)

9 Selective Attention And Related Cognitive Processes In Pigeons

249

(28)

Donald A. Riley

H. L. Roltblat

I Selective Attention and Related Cognitive Processes in Pigeons

249

(4)

II The Analysis of Element-Compound Differences

253

(5)

III Stimulus Compounds and Information Processing

258

(7)

IV The Effect of Sample Exposure Time on Matching Performance

265

(8)

V Conclusion

273

(2)

References

275

(2)

10 The Internal Clock

277

(34)

Russell M. Church

I Time as a Stimulus

277

(5)

II Explanations of Temporal Discrimination

282

(4)

III Some Properties of the Internal Clock

286

(16)

IV Control of the Internal Clock

302

(6)

V Conclusions

308

(1)

References

309

(2)

11 Cognitive Structure And Serial Pattern Learning By Animals

311

(30)

Stewart H. Hulse

I Introduction

311

(2)

II Cognitive Structures and Serial Pattern Learning

313

(2)

III Application of Cognitive Structures to Serial Patterns in Animal Learning

315

(1)

IV Patterns of Reinforcement

316

(4)

V Mechanisms for Serial Ordering

320

(3)

VI Empirical Assessment of Encoding

323

(13)

VII The Sensitivity of Animals to Structure

336

(1)

VIM Conclusion

337

(4)

12 Characteristics Of Spatial Memory

341

(34)

David S. Olton

I Introduction

341

(1)

II Eight-Arm Maze

342

(12)

III Comparison to Other Testing Procedures

354

(2)

IV Replications and Extensions

356

(4)

V Ethological Considerations

360

(3)

VI A Model for Spatial Working Memory

363

(3)

VII Comparison with Other Models

366

(3)

VIII Conclusion

369

(2)

References

371

(4)

13 Cognitive Mapping In Chimpanzees

375

(48)

Emit W. Menzel

I Introduction

375

(3)

II Some Observations and Experiments

378

(38)

III General Conclusions

416

(3)

References

419

(4)

14 On The Abstractness Of Human Concepts: Why It Would Be Difficult To Talk To A Pigeon

423

(30)

David Premack

I Conceptual Abstractness

424

(1)

II Genesis of Abstraction

425

(1)

III Abstraction in Animals

426

(2)

IV Match-To-Sample

428

(8)

V Absolute Versus Relational Learning

436

(4)

VI Are Abstractions the Product of a Burdened Memory?

440

(2)

VII Action and Abstraction

442

(1)

VIII Natural Concepts in Pigeons

443

(4)

IX Second-Order Relations

447

(1)

X Conclusions

447

(3)

References

450

(3)

Author Index

453

(8)

Subject Index

461

Stewart H. Hulse, Harry Fowler and Werner K. Honig

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