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El. knyga: Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology

(Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands)
  • Formatas: 495 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Jun-2011
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040162347
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and BionanotechnologyDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 495 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Jun-2011
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040162347
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Colloidal systems occur everywhere—in soils, seawater, foodstuff, pharmaceuticals, paints, blood, biological cells, and microorganisms. Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences and Bionanotechnology, Second Edition, gives a concise treatment of physicochemical principles determining interrelated colloidal and interfacial phenomena.

New in the Second Edition:

  • New topics, including phase separations in polymer systems, electrokinetics of charged permeable surface coatings, and polymer brush coatings to control adsorption and adhesion of particles
  • Emphasis on inter-particle interactions and surface phenomena in (bio)nanotechnology
  • Full solutions to over 100 updated and additional exercises are presented in the Appendix

Focusing on physicochemical concepts that form the basis of understanding colloidal and interfacial phenomena—rather than on experimental methods and techniques—this book is an excellent primer for students and scientists interested in colloidal and interfacial phenomena, their mutual relations and connections, and the fascinating role they play in natural and man-made systems.

Recenzijos

"[ T]he text is remarkably well written . Each chapter ends with an excellent series of exercises that test the student's understanding of its content and a list of suggestions for further reading. This is an important resource in providing such a thorough general summary and explication of the basis of colloidal phenomena with relation to the life sciences and could easily form the heart of an excellent course on this subject. Every research institution will need a copy, as will any college offering chemistry courses beyond the most basic. The clarity and completeness of its examples will prove helpful in a variety of other fields, from tribology to cell biology." - E-Streams, Vol. 7, No. 5, May 2004

"The selection of topics is useful in order to introduce the interested reader to a wide variety of colloidal structures and interfacial phenomena. There are many illustrations that supplement the text in a fruitful manner. My overall impression is that this book is a good introduction to 'colloids and interfaces in the life sciences' and might be used for introductory courses or seminars ." - Chem BioChem

Preface xiii
Author xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 Colloidal Domain
2(2)
1.2 Interfaces Are Closely Related to Colloids
4(1)
1.3 Colloid and Interface Science in a Historical Perspective
4(2)
1.4 Classification of Colloidal Systems
6(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading
8(1)
Chapter 2 Colloidal Particles: Shapes and Size Distributions
9(10)
2.1 Shapes ticle Size Distributions
10(4)
2.3 Average Molar Mass
14(2)
2.4 Specific Surface Area
16(3)
Exercises
17(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
18(1)
Chapter 3 Some Thermodynamic Principles and Relations, with Special Attention to Interfaces
19(28)
3.1 Energy, Work, and Heat: The First Law of Thermodynamics
20(1)
3.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy
21(1)
3.3 Reversible Processes: Definition of Intensive Variables
22(1)
3.4 Introduction of Other Functions of State: Maxwell Relation
23(2)
3.5 Molar Properties and Partial Molar Properties: Dependence of the Chemical Potential on Temperature, Pressure, and Composition of the System
25(2)
3.6 Criteria for Equilibrium: Osmotic Pressure
27(3)
3.7 Phase Equilibria, Partitioning, Solubilization, and Chemical Equilibrium
30(2)
3.7.1 Phase Equilibria
30(1)
3.7.2 Partitioning and Solubilization
31(1)
3.7.3 Chemical Equilibrium
32(1)
3.8 Entropy of Mixing
32(1)
3.9 Excess Nature of Interfacial Thermodynamic Quantities: The Gibbs Dividing Plane
33(5)
3.10 Gibbs--Duhem Relation
38(1)
3.11 Gibbs Adsorption Equation
38(2)
3.12 Some Applications of the Gibbs Adsorption Equation
40(3)
3.12.1 Adsorption of (Ionic) Surfactants
40(1)
3.12.2 Adsorption of (Bio)poly triers
41(1)
3.12.3 Adsorption of Uncharged Compounds at a Charged Interface
42(1)
3.13 Nonideal Mixtures
43(4)
Exercises
44(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
45(2)
Chapter 4 Water
47(14)
4.1 Phenomenological Aspects of Water
48(4)
4.2 Molecular Properties of Water
52(2)
4.3 Water as a Solvent
54(7)
4.3.1 Electrolytes
55(1)
4.3.2 Noncharged Components
56(3)
Exercises
59(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
60(1)
Chapter 5 Interfacial Tension
61(18)
5.1 Interfacial Tension: Phenomenological Aspects
62(1)
5.2 Interfacial Tension as a Force: Mechanical Definition of Interfacial Tension
63(1)
5.3 Interfacial Tension as an Interfacial (Gibbs) Energy: Thermodynamic Definition of Interfacial Tension
64(3)
5.4 Operational Restrictions of Interfacial Tension
67(1)
5.4.1 Interfacial Tension of Solids
67(1)
5.4.2 Constant Composition
67(1)
5.4.3 Dynamic Interfacial Tension
68(1)
5.5 Interfacial Tension and the Works of Cohesion and Adhesion
68(1)
5.6 Molecular Interpretation of Interfacial Tension
69(10)
5.6.1 Nearest-Neighbor Interactions
69(3)
5.6.2 Relations between Interfacial Tension γαβ and Surface Tensions γα and γβ
72(3)
Exercises
75(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
77(2)
Chapter 6 Curvature and Capillarity
79(16)
6.1 Capillary Pressure: The Young--Laplace Equation
80(4)
6.1.1 Radii of Curvature
82(2)
6.2 Some Consequences of Capillary Pressure
84(3)
6.3 Curvature and Chemical Potential: Kelvin's Law and Ostwald's Law
87(3)
6.4 Curvature and Nucleation
90(5)
Exercises
92(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
94(1)
Chapter 7 Monolayers at Fluid Interfaces
95(18)
7.1 The Interfacial Pressure
97(1)
7.2 Gibbs and Langmuir's Monolayers: Equations of State
98(1)
7.3 Formation of Monolayers
98(2)
7.4 Pressure--Area Isotherms of Langmuir's Monolayers: Two-Dimensional Phases
100(5)
7.4.1 Influence of the Temperature on the π(A) Isotherm
103(2)
7.5 Transfer of Monolayers to Solid Surfaces: Langmuir--Blodgelt and Langmuir--Schaefer Films
105(3)
7.6 Covalent Organic Monolayers
108(5)
7.6.1 Alkyl Thiols on Noble Metals
108(1)
7.6.2 Alkyl Silanes on Oxides
108(1)
7.6.3 Alkenes on Silicon and Silica
109(1)
Exercises
109(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
111(2)
Chapter 8 Wetting of Solid Surfaces
113(18)
8.1 Contact Angle: Equation of Young and Dupre
114(1)
8.2 Some Complications in the Establishment of the Contact Angle: Hysteresis, Surface Heterogeneity, and Roughness
115(2)
8.3 Wetting and Adhesion: Determination of Surface Polarity
117(2)
8.4 Approximation of the Surface Tension of a Solid: The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting
119(2)
8.4.1 Zisman Method
119(1)
8.4.2 Wu Method
120(1)
8.5 Wetting by Solutions Containing Surfactants
121(1)
8.6 Capillary Penetration
121(2)
8.7 Some Practical Applications and Implications of Wetting: Impregnation, Flotation, Pickering Stabilization, and Cleansing
123(8)
8.7.1 Impregnation
123(1)
8.7.2 Flotation
124(1)
8.7.3 Pickering Stabilization
125(1)
8.7.4 Cleansing
126(1)
Exercises
127(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
129(2)
Chapter 9 Electrochemistry of Interfaces
131(24)
9.1 Electric Charge
132(6)
9.2 Electric Potential
138(1)
9.3 The Gibbs Energy of an Electrical Double Layer
139(2)
9.4 Models for the Electrical Double Layer
141(7)
9.4.1 The Molecular Condenser
141(1)
9.4.2 The Diffuse Double Layer
142(3)
9.4.3 The Gouy--Chapman--Stern Model
145(3)
9.5 Donnan Effect, Donnan Equilibrium, Colloidal Osmotic Pressure, and Membrane Potential
148(7)
Exercises
152(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
154(1)
Chapter 10 Electrokinetic Phenomena
155(20)
10.1 The Plane of Shear: The Zeta Potential
156(1)
10.2 Derivation of the Zeta Potential from Electrokinetic Phenomena
157(7)
10.2.1 Electroosmosis
157(3)
10.2.2 Electrophoresis
160(2)
10.2.3 Streaming Current and Streaming Potential
162(2)
10.3 Some Complications in Deriving the Zeta Potential
164(5)
10.3.1 Surface Conduction
165(1)
10.3.2 Viscoelectric Effect
165(2)
10.3.3 Permeable Surface Layer Containing Fixed Charges
167(2)
10.4 Interpretation of the Zeta Potential
169(1)
10.5 Applications of Electrokinetic Phenomena
170(5)
Exercises
172(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
174(1)
Chapter 11 Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Molecules
175(26)
11.1 Self-Assembly as Phase Separation
177(2)
11.2 Different Types of Self-Assembled Structures
179(2)
11.3 Aggregation as a "Start--Stop" Process: Size and Shape of Self-Assembled Structures
181(3)
11.4 Mass Action Model for Micellization
184(3)
11.5 Factors That Influence the Critical Micelle Concentration
187(1)
11.6 Bilayer Structures
188(3)
11.7 Reverse Micelles
191(2)
11.8 Microemulsions
193(3)
11.9 Self-Assembled Structures in Applications
196(5)
Exercises
198(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
200(1)
Chapter 12 Polymers
201(24)
12.1 Polymers in Solution
203(3)
12.2 Conformations of Dissolved Polymer Molecules
206(1)
12.3 Coil-Like Polymer Conformations
207(3)
12.4 Semi-Dilute and Concentrated Polymer Solutions
210(1)
12.5 Polyelectrolytes
211(3)
12.6 Phase Separations in Polymer Solutions: Complex Coacervation
214(5)
12.6.1 Polyelectrolyle Multilayers
216(1)
12.6.2 Complex Coacervate Core Micelles
217(2)
12.7 Polymer--Surfactant
219(1)
12.8 Polymer Gels
220(5)
Exercises
223(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
224(1)
Chapter 13 Proteins
225(30)
13.1 The Amino Acids in Proteins
226(5)
13.2 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Protein Molecules in Aqueous Solution
231(4)
13.3 Noncovalent Interactions That Determine the Structure of a Protein Molecule in Water
235(8)
13.3.1 Hydrophobic Interaction
236(1)
13.3.2 Electrostatic Interactions
237(1)
13.3.2.1 Ion-Pair Formation
237(1)
13.3.2.2 Charge Distribution
238(2)
13.3.3 Dipolar Interactions
240(1)
13.3.4 Dispersion Interactions
241(1)
13.3.5 Hydrogen Bonding
242(1)
13.3.6 Bond Lengths and Angles
243(1)
13.4 Stability of Protein Structure in Aqueous Solution
243(2)
13.5 Thermodynamic Analysis of Protein Structure Stability
245(5)
13.6 Reversibility of Protein Denaturation: Aggregation of Unfolded Protein Molecules
250(5)
Exercises
251(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
253(2)
Chapter 14 Adsorption
255(22)
14.1 Adsorbent--Adsorbate Interactions
257(2)
14.2 Adsorption Kinetics
259(2)
14.2.1 Transport toward the Interface
259(1)
14.2.2 Interaction with the Interface: Attachment and Detachment
259(2)
14.3 Adsorption Equilibrium
261(9)
14.3.1 Configuration Entropy
262(1)
4.3.2 Interaction Entropy
263(2)
14.3.3 Nearest-Neighbor Interactions
265(2)
14.3.4 Cooperativity
267(1)
14.3.5 Adsorption of Ions
268(2)
14.4 Binding of Ligands
270(2)
14.5 Applications of Adsorption
272(5)
Exercises
273(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
275(2)
Chapter 15 Adsorption of (Bio)Polymers, with Special Emphasis on Globular Proteins
277(28)
15.1 Adsorption Kinetics
279(6)
15.2 Morphology of the Interface
285(1)
15.3 Relaxation of the Adsorbed Molecule
285(1)
15.4 Adsorption Affinity: Adsorption Isotherm
286(4)
15.4.1 Polymers
286(2)
15.4.2 Polyelectrolytes
288(2)
15.5 Driving Forces for Adsorption of Globular Proteins
290(6)
15.5.1 Interaction between Electrical Double Layers
291(2)
15.5.2 Dispersion Interaction
293(1)
15.5.3 Changes in the State of Hydration
294(1)
15.5.4 Rearrangements in the Protein Structure
295(1)
15.6 Reversibility of the Protein Adsorption Process: Desorption and Exchange
296(2)
15.7 Competitive Protein Adsorption
298(7)
Exercises
299(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading
302(3)
Chapter 16 Stability of Lyophobic Colloids against Aggregation
305(30)
16.1 Forces Operating between Colloidal Particles
307(8)
16.1.1 London--van der Waals Forces or Dispersion Forces
307(3)
16.1.2 Electrical Double Layer Forces
310(4)
16.1.3 Short-Range Forces
314(1)
16.2 DLVO Theory of Colloid Stability
315(4)
16.2.1 Critical Coagulation Concentration
317(2)
16.3 Influence of Polymers on Colloidal Stability
319(5)
16.3.1 Nonadsorbing Polymers: Depletion Flocculation
319(2)
16.3.2 Adsorbing Polymers: Bridging Flocculation and Steric Stabilization
321(3)
16.4 Aggregation Kinetics
324(4)
16.5 Morphology of Colloidal Aggregates
328(7)
Exercises
330(3)
Suggestions for Further Reading
333(2)
Chapter 17 Rheology, with Special Attention to Dispersions and Interfaces
335(22)
17.1 Rheological Properties
338(3)
17.1.1 Compression at All Sides
338(1)
17.1.2 Elongation in One Direction
339(1)
17.1.3 Shear
339(2)
17.2 Classification of Materials Based on Their Rheological Behavior
341(3)
17.2.1 Time-Independent Behavior
341(1)
17.2.2 Time-Dependent Behavior
342(2)
17.3 Viscosity of Diluted Liquid Dispersions
344(6)
17.3.1 Compact Particles
344(3)
17.3.2 Uncharged Polymers
347(1)
17.3.3 Polyelectrolytes
348(2)
17.4 Interfacial Rheology
350(7)
17.4.1 Dilation or Compression
350(1)
17.4.2 Shear
351(2)
Exercises
353(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
355(2)
Chapter 18 Emulsions and Foams
357(18)
18.1 Phenomenological Aspects
358(1)
18.2 Emulsification and Foaming
359(2)
18.3 Emulsion and Foam Stability
361(10)
18.3.1 Sedimentation and Creaming
362(1)
18.3.2 Drainage
363(2)
18.3.3 Aggregation
365(1)
18.3.4 Dispropovdonation
365(3)
18.3.5 Coalescence
368(3)
18.4 Modulation of the Coarseness and Stability of Emulsions and Foams
371(4)
Exercises
372(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
373(2)
Chapter 19 Physicochemical Properties of Biological Membranes
375(16)
19.1 Structure and Dynamics of Biomembranes
377(2)
19.2 Electrochemical Properties of Biomembranes
379(2)
19.3 Transport in Biological Membranes
381(5)
19.4 Transmembrane Potential
386(5)
Exercises
388(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading
390(1)
Chapter 20 Bioadhesion
391
20.1 A Qualitative Description of Biofilm Formation
393(2)
20.2 Biological Surfaces
395(2)
20.3 Physieochernical Models for Cell Deposition and Adhesion
397(5)
20.3.1 Capillarity
397(1)
20.3.2 Stability of Lyophobic Colloids
398(3)
20.3.3 Balance of Interfacial Tensions: The Wetting Approach
401(1)
20.4 Surface Modification to Reduce (Bio)Adhesion
402(4)
20.4.1 Positively Charged Surfaces
402(1)
20.4.2 Low Surface Free Energy Coatings
403(1)
20.4.3 Polymer Brush Coatings
403(3)
20.5 General Thermodynamic Analysis of Particle Adhesion
406
Exercises
409(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
410(3)
Appendix: Solutions to Exercises 413(54)
Index 467
Willem Norde is Professor of Bionanotechnology at Wageningen University and Research Center, and Professor of Colloid and Interface Science at the University Medical Center Groningen and the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. His main research expertise is on interfacial behavior of proteins, biological cells and bacteria, as well as on encapsulation and release of functional ingredients in and from nanocapsules. He is author or coauthor of more than 240 scientific publications and coeditor of Physical Chemistry of Biological Interfaces (Marcel Dekker, 2000) and of Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Sector (Wiley-VCH, 2011) and author of Colloids and Interfaces in Life Sciences (Marcel Dekker, 2003).

Willem Norde has taught various courses, such as Colloid an Interface Science, Biopolymers at Interfaces, Physics and Chemistry of Supramolecular Systems, and Chemical Thermodynamics. He is a member of the Royal Dutch Association of Chemists, the Dutch Association of Biotechnologists, and the International Association of Colloid and Interface Scientists.

Dr. Norde received the MSc (1969) and PhD (1976) degrees from Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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