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First published in 1985, this book studies several common items in English conversation known variously as ‘discourse particles’, ‘interjections’, ‘discourse markers’, and, more informally, ‘hesitations’ or ‘fillers’. While the analysis primarily focuses on ‘like’, ‘well’ and ‘you know’, the larger concern is the entire set of items of which these are members and as such ‘I mean’, ‘now’, ‘oh’, ‘hey’, and ‘aha’ are also examined. These discourse particles are analysed at length and then a framework is proposed in which their use individually makes sense and allows revealing comparisons to be made between them. This book will be of interest to students of linguistics

Preface v
List of Symbols
ix
1 Introduction
1.1 General Remarks
1(3)
1.2 Covert Thinking in Conversation
4(3)
1.3 Three `Worlds' of the Speaker
7(3)
1.4 Routinization
10(3)
1.5 Use of Speech Materials
13(2)
1.6 Outline of Remaining
Chapters
15(2)
2 Evincives
2.1 Interjections and Evincives
17(5)
2.2 Evincives in Quotations
22(8)
2.2.1 Well and Oh in Quotations
22(8)
2.3 Enquoting
30(1)
2.4 Quotation
31(4)
2.5 Summary
35(2)
3 `Like'
3.1 Like in Conversation
37(6)
3.2 Li ke Introducing Direct Discourse
43(4)
3.3 Like After Questions
47(1)
3.4 The `For Example' Use
48(4)
3.5 Li ke as an Interjection
52(7)
3.6 It's Like
59(2)
3.7 Conclusion
61(3)
4 `Well'
4.1 Introduction
64(3)
4.2 Well Before Exclamations
67(2)
4.3 Well Introducing Direct Discourse
69(2)
4.4 Topic Shifting
71(2)
4.5 Well Before Answers
73(3)
4.6 Well Before Questions
76(1)
4.7 Well and Self-Repair
77(4)
4.8 Well and Other-Repair
81(3)
4.9 Sentence Final Well
84(1)
4.10 Reduced Well
85(1)
4.11 Welland Narrative Elision
86(2)
4.12 Well and `Intension'
88(2)
4.13 Conclusion
90(4)
5 `You Know'
5.1 Preliminary Remarks
94(2)
5.2 YK as a Truth Parenthetical
96(1)
5.3 YK and Properties of Truth Parentheticals
97(2)
5.4 Evidence for two Types of YK
99(3)
5.5 The Use of YKb
102(4)
5.6 A Third YK?
106(1)
5.7 Discourse Functions of YKb
107(18)
5.7.1 Topic Introduction
107(3)
5.7.2 Topic Tracking
110(10)
5.7.3 YKb and Repair
120(5)
5.8 YKb as a `Sociocentric Sequence'
125(3)
5.9 Interrogative YK
128(2)
5.10 YK and Turn Taking
130(5)
5.11 Distribution of YK: Some Quantitative Results
135(3)
5.12 Conclusion
138(3)
6 The Role of Discourse Particles in Conversation
6.1 General Remarks
141(4)
6.2 Now
145(2)
6.3 I mean
147(1)
6.4 Mind You
148(1)
6.5 Sort o(f), Kind o(f), An(d) Stuff. An(d) Everything, An(d) so on, etc.
149(1)
6.6 Interjections
150(2)
6.7 Types of Disclosure Functions
152(2)
6.8 General Summary
154(3)
Footnotes 157(11)
References 168
Lawrence C. Schourup