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Community Rules from Qumran: A Commentary [Kietas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Hardback, 371 pages, aukštis x plotis: 166x242 mm, weight: 694 g
  • Serija: Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 183
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Mohr Siebeck
  • ISBN-10: 316157026X
  • ISBN-13: 9783161570261
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Community Rules from Qumran: A CommentaryDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 371 pages, aukštis x plotis: 166x242 mm, weight: 694 g
  • Serija: Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism 183
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Mohr Siebeck
  • ISBN-10: 316157026X
  • ISBN-13: 9783161570261
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783161570261.html
In this volume, Charlotte Hempel offers the first comprehensive commentary on all twelve ancient manuscripts of the Rules of the Community, works which contain the most important descriptions of the organisation and values ascribed to the movement associated with the Dead Sea Scrolls. The best preserved copy of this work (1QS) was one of the first scrolls to be published and has long dominated the scholarly assessment of the Rules. The approach adopted in this commentary is to capture the distinctive nature of each of the manuscripts based on a synoptic translation that presents all the manuscripts at a glance. Textual notes and Commentary deal with the picture derived from all preserved manuscripts. The publication of the Cave 4 manuscripts in 1998 can be likened to a volcanic eruption that challenged prevalent notions of the Community Rules that were founded on the quasi-archetypal status of the Cave 1 copy published in 1951. Since then the smoke has lifted and, as the pieces have begun to settle, we see green shoots emerging in the scholarly debate.. This commentary embraces the post-volcanic landscape of the Community Rules, which is carefully sifted for clues to establish a fresh reading of the material in conversation with the latest research on the Scrolls. The evidence suggests that some of the practices described as the beating heart of the movement's organization reflect the aspirations of a privileged sub-elite from the late Second Temple Period.
Preface v
Abbreviations Including Frequently Cited Sources xxiii
Symbols xxv
1 General Introduction
1(56)
1.1 The `Geology' of the Rule Manuscripts
2(1)
1.2 The Community Rules and the Re-Drawn Map of Second Temple Judaism
3(6)
1.2.1 A Broader Literary Context Reveals an Apotropaic Safety Net
3(5)
1.2.2 A Broader Geographical Context
8(1)
1.3 Curated Communities
9(1)
1.4 Beyond a Sanitized Reading of the Community Rules
10(5)
1.4.1 Perfect Holiness with Ups and Downs
10(1)
1.4.2 Ancient Descriptions of the Essenes as Archetypes of Virtue
11(1)
1.4.3 Sharing Not Always So Nicely and Sometimes with the Wrong People
12(1)
1.4.4 Men, Sex and Sexuality
13(1)
1.4.5 An Ancient Sanitized Account with Contemporary Appeal
14(1)
1.5 The Manuscripts
15(36)
1.5.1 1Q28 (1QS)
15(1)
1.5.1.1 The Manuscript
15(4)
1.5.1.2 The Scribe
19(2)
1.5.1.3 Marginal Signs
21(4)
1.5.1.3.1 Palaeo-Hebrew Vav
25(1)
1.5.1.3.2 Composite Signs
26(1)
1.5.1.3.3 Paragraphoi
27(1)
1.5.1.4 Significant Textual Features
27(1)
1.5.1.4.1 The Opening Framework in 1QS 1--4
28(1)
1.5.1.4.2 1QS 5
28(1)
1.5.1.4.3 1QS 6:1c--7a Rules on Meetings in Various Dwelling Places
28(1)
1.5.1.4.4 1QS 6:7b--23 Meetings of the Many
28(1)
1.5.1.4.5 1QS 6:24--7:25 The Penal Code
29(1)
1.5.1.4.6 1QS8:1--16a The Council of the Community
29(1)
1.5.1.4.7 1QS 8:16b---9:11 Disciplinary and Communal Rules and Further Account of Community Formation
29(1)
1.5.1.4.8 1QS 9:12-11:22 The Statutes for the Maskil and the Final Hymn
29(1)
1.5.2 4Q255 (4QpapSa)
30(1)
1.5.2.1 The Manuscript
30(1)
1.5.2.2 Significant Textual Features
31(1)
1.5.2.3 Revisiting 4Q255 A
31(3)
1.5.3 4Q256 (Sb)
34(1)
1.5.3.1 The Manuscript
34(1)
1.5.3.2 Marginal Sign
35(1)
1.5.3.3 Significant Textual Features
35(1)
1.5.4 4Q257 (4QpapSc)
36(1)
1.5.4.1 The Manuscript
36(1)
1.5.4.2 Significant Textual Features
36(1)
1.5.5 4Q258 (4QSd)
37(1)
1.5.5.1 The Manuscript
37(1)
1.5.5.2 Significant Textual Features
37(1)
1.5.6 4Q259 (4QSe)
38(1)
1.5.6.1 The Manuscript
38(1)
1.5.6.2 Significant Textual Features
39(5)
1.5.7 4Q260 (4QSf)
44(1)
1.5.7.1 The Manuscript
44(1)
1.5.7.2 Significant Textual Features
44(1)
1.5.8 4Q261 (4QSg)
45(1)
1.5.8.1 The Manuscript
45(1)
1.5.8.2 Significant Textual Features
45(1)
1.5.9 4Q262 (4QSh)
46(1)
1.5.10 4Q263 (4QSi)
47(1)
1.5.11 4Q264 (4QSi)
47(1)
1.5.12 5Q11 (5QS)
48(3)
1.6 Related Works
51(3)
1.6.1 The Community Rules and the Damascus Document
52(1)
1.6.2 The Community Rules and 4QMiscellaneous Rules (4Q265)
52(1)
1.6.3 The Community Rules and 11Q29 (HQS?)
53(1)
1.6.4 5Q13 (Rule)
53(1)
1.7 Guidance Notes for Readers and Aims
54(3)
2 Introduction: Outline Of Communal Aspirations (1Qs 1:1--15 // 4Q255 1:1--67 // 4Q257 1:1--2)
57(10)
2.1 Introduction
57(1)
2.2 Translation
57(1)
2.3 Textual Notes
58(3)
2.4 Commentary
61(6)
3 Admission Into And Reaffirmation Of The Covenant (1Qs 1:16--3:12 // 4Q255 2:1--9 // 4Q256 2:1--6, 12--13; 3:1--4 // 4Q257 2:1--8; 3:1--14 // 4Q262 1:1--4 // 5Q11 1I
67(30)
3.1 Introduction
67(3)
3.2 Translation
70(4)
3.2.1 Introduction (1QS 1:16-18a // 4Q2562:1--3a)
70(1)
3.2.2 The Covenant Admission Ceremony (1QS 1:18b--2:18 // 4Q256 2:1--6, 12--13; 3:1--4 // 4Q257 2:1--8 // 5Q 11 1i)
70(2)
3.2.3 Annual Procession and Confirmation of the Values of the Community (1QS 2:19--25a // No Parallels)
72(1)
3.2.4 The One Who (Initially) Refuses to Enter the Covenant (1QS 2:25b--3:12 // 4Q255 2:1--9 // 4Q257 3:1--14 // 4Q262 1:1--4)
72(2)
3.3 Textual Notes
74(6)
3.4 Commentary
80(17)
3.4.1 Introduction (1QS 1:16--18a // 4Q256 2:1--3a)
80(2)
3.4.2 The Covenant Admission Ceremony (1QS 1:18b--2:18 // 4Q2562:1--6, 12--3; 3:1--4 // 4Q257 2:1--88 // 5Q 11 1i)
82(5)
3.4.3 Annual Procession and Confirmation of the Values of the Community (1QS 2:19--25a // No parallels)
87(3)
3.4.4 The One Who (Initially) Refuses to Enter the Covenant (1QS 2:25b--3:12 // 4Q255 2:1--9 // 4Q257 3:1--14 // 40262 1:1--4)
90(7)
4 The Teaching On The Two Spirits (1Qs 3:13--4:26 // 4Q257 5:1--8, 12--14 [ Including Olim 4Q487 37:1--2 And 4Q502 16:1--4]; 4Q257 6:2--5)
97(24)
4.1 Introduction
97(6)
4.1.1 The Text of the Teaching on the Two Spirits
98(1)
4.1.2 The Place of the Teaching in the S-Tradition
99(2)
4.1.3 The Structure and Composition History of the Teaching
101(1)
4.1.4 The Teaching and 4Q186 (Zodiacal Physiognomy)
102(1)
4.1.5 The Search for Precursors of the Teaching's Dualistic Frame of Reference
102(1)
4.2 Translation
103(4)
4.2.1 Introduction (1QS 3:13--15a // No Preserved Parallels)
103(1)
4.2.2 The Glorious Plan of the God of Knowledge (1QS 3:15b--18a // No Preserved Parallels)
104(1)
4.2.3 The Establishment of the Spirits of Truth and Injustice Ruled by the Prince of Lights and the Angel of Darkness (1QS 3:18b--4:1 // No Preserved Parallels)
104(1)
4.2.4 The Ways of the Spirit of Truth and the Blessed Rewards for Its Followers (1QS 4:2--8 // 4Q257 5:1--7 including olim 4Q487 37:1--2 and 4Q502 16:1--4)
105(1)
4.2.5 The Ways of the Spirit of Injustice and the Downfall of Its Followers (1QS 4:9--14 // 4Q257 5:7--8, 12--13)
105(1)
4.2.6 The Struggle of the Two Spirits in Human Hearts and the End of Injustice (1QS 4:15--26 // 257 5:14; 6:2--5)
106(1)
4.3 Textual Notes
107(4)
4.4 Commentary
111(10)
4.4.1 Introduction (1QS 3:13--15a // No Preserved Parallels)
111(2)
4.4.2 The Glorious Plan of the God of Knowledge (1QS 3:15b--18a // No Preserved Parallels)
113(1)
4.4.3 The Establishment of the Spirits of Truth and Injustice Ruled by the Prince of Lights and the Angel of Darkness (1QS 3:18b--4:1 // No Preserved Parallels)
114(2)
4.4.4 The Ways of the Spirit of Truth and the Blessed Rewards for Its Followers (1QS 4:2--8 // 4Q257 5:1--7 [ including olim 4Q487 37:1--2 and 4Q502 16:1--4])
116(2)
4.4.5 The Ways of the Spirit of Injustice and the Downfall of Its Followers (1QS 4:9--14 // 257 5:7--8, 12--13)
118(1)
4.4.6 The Struggle of the Two Spirits in Human Hearts and the End of Injustice (1QS 4:15--26 // 4Q257 5:14, 6:2--5)
118(3)
5 Requirements And Leadership For A New Community In Two Founding Narratives (1Qs 5: 1--7A // 4Q256 9:1--6A // 4Q258 1:1--5A)
121(20)
5.1 Introduction
121(3)
5.1.1 Material Considerations, Vacats and Marginal Signs
121(1)
5.1.2 Superscriptions
122(1)
5.1.3 Content
123(1)
5.1.4 The Relationship of 1QS and 4Q256 // 4Q258
123(1)
5.2 Translation
124(2)
5.2.1 Diverging Headings (1QS 5:1a // 4Q256 9:1a // 4Q258 1:1a)
124(1)
5.2.2 Shared Objectives (1QS 5:1b // 4Q256 9:1b--2a // 4Q258 1:1b)
124(1)
5.2.3 A Shared First Founding Narrative (1QS 5:1c--2a // 4Q256 9:2b // 4Q258 1:2a)
125(1)
5.2.4 A Not so Divergent Leadership Model (1QS 5:2b--3b // 4Q256 9:2c--3a // 4Q258 1:2b--3a)
125(1)
5.2.5 Shared Core Principles (1QS 5:3c--5a // 4Q256 9:3b--4 // 4Q258 1:3b--4a)
125(1)
5.2.6 A Shared Second Founding Narrative (1QS 5:5b--7a // 4Q256 9:5--6a // 4Q258 1:4b--5a)
126(1)
5.3 Textual Notes
126(2)
5.4 Commentary
128(13)
5.4.1 Diverging Headings (1QS 5:1a // 4Q256 9:1a // 4Q258 1:1a)
129(3)
5.4.2 Shared Objectives (1QS 5:1b // 4Q256 9:1b--2a // 4Q258 1:1b)
132(2)
5.4.3 A Shared First Founding Narrative (1QS 5:1c--2a // 4Q256 9:2b // 4Q258 1:2a)
134(2)
5.4.4 A Not so Divergent Leadership Model (1QS 5:2b--3b // 4Q256 9:2c--3a // 4Q258 1:2b--3a)
136(3)
5.4.5 Shared Core Principles (1QS 5:3c--5a // 4Q256 9:3b--A // 4Q258 1:3b--4a)
139(1)
5.4.6 A Shared Second Founding Narrative (1QS 5:5b--7a // 4Q256 9:5--6a // 4Q258 1:4b--5a)
139(2)
6 Rules Concerning Meetings (1Qs 5:7B--6:23 // 4Q256 9:6B--13; 11:5--8, 11--13 // 4Q258 1:5B--13; 2:1--10B; 3:1--3 // 4Q261 1A--B:1-6; 2A--C:2B-5;3:L? // 4Q263 1--5)
141(50)
6.1 Admission and Assessment of New and Current Members
141(13)
6.1.1 Introduction
141(1)
6.1.2 Translation
142(1)
6.1.2.1 The Admission of New Members by Swearing an Oath and Separation from the People of Injustice (1QS 5:7b--20a // 4Q256 9:6b--13 // 4Q258 1:5b--13)
142(2)
6.1.2.2 Assessment and Registration of New Entrants into the Covenant (1QS 5:20b--23a // 4Q258 2:1--3a // 4Q261 1a--b: 1--4a)
144(1)
6.1.2.3 Annual Assessment of Current Members (1QS 5:23b--24a // 4Q258 2:3b--4a // 4Q261 1a--b: 4b--6)
145(1)
6.1.3 Textual Notes
145(3)
6.1.4 Commentary
148(1)
6.1.4.1 The Admission of New Members by Swearing an Oath and Separation from the People of Injustice (1QS 5:7b--20a // 4Q256 9:6b--13 // 4Q258 1:5b--13)
148(4)
6.1.4.2 Assessment and Registration of New Entrants into the Covenant (1QS 5:20b--23a // 4Q258 2:1--3a // 4Q261 1a--b: 1--4a)
152(2)
6.1.4.3 Annual Assessment of Current Members (1QS 5:23b--24a // 4Q258 2:3b--4a // 4Q261 1a--b: 4b--6)
154(1)
6.2 Rules Dealing with Reproof
154(4)
6.2.1 Introduction
155(1)
6.2.2 Translation
156(1)
6.2.3 Textual Notes
156(1)
6.2.4 Commentary
157(1)
6.3 Rules of Conduct in All Their Dwelling Places
158(3)
6.3.1 Introduction
158(1)
6.3.2 Translation
159(1)
6.3.3 Textual Notes
159(1)
6.3.4 Commentary
160(1)
6.4 Rules of Conduct in Every Place of Ten
161(10)
6.4.1 Introduction
161(1)
6.4.2 Translation
161(1)
6.4.2.1 Meetings Presided over by a Priest (1QS 6:3b---4b // 4Q258 2:7c--8 // 4Q261 2a--c: 2b--4a // 4Q263 4---5)
161(1)
6.4.2.2 Meals Presided over by a Priest (1QS 6:4c--5 // 4Q258 2: 9--10a // 4Q261 2a--c: 4b--5)
162(1)
6.4.2.3 Continuous Torah Study (1QS 6:6--7a)
162(1)
6.4.3 Textual Notes
162(1)
6.4.4 Commentary
163(1)
6.4.4.1 Meetings Presided over by a Priest for the Purpose of Exchanging Counsel (1QS 6:3b--4b // 4Q258 2:7c--8 // 4Q261 2a--c: 2b--4a // 4Q263 4-5)
163(3)
6.4.4.2 Meals Presided over by a Priest (1QS 6:4c--5 // 4Q258 2: 9--10a // 4Q261 2a--c: 4b--5)
166(3)
6.4.4.3 Continuous Torah Study (1QS 6:6--7a)
169(2)
6.5 Meetings of the Many
171(20)
6.5.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.5.2 Translation
171(1)
6.5.2.1 Nightly Meetings of the Many (1QS6:7b--8a // 4Q258 2:10b)
171(1)
6.5.2.2 Rules on Conducting Communal Meetings (1QS 6:8b--13a // 4Q256 11:5--8a // 4Q258 3:1--3
171(1)
6.5.2.3 Rules on the Admission of New Members (1QS 6:13b--23 // 4Q256 11:8b, 11--13 // 4Q261 3:1?)
172(2)
6.5.3 Textual Notes
174(2)
6.5.4 Commentary
176(1)
6.5.4.1 Nightly Meetings of the Many (1QS 6:7b---8a // 4Q258 2:10b)
176(2)
6.5.4.2 Rules on Conducting Communal Meetings (1QS 6:8b--13a // 4Q256 11:5--8a // 4Q258 3:1--3)
178(3)
6.5.4.3 Rules on the Admission of New Members (1QS 6:13b--23 // 4Q256 11:8b, 11---13 // 4Q261 3:1?)
181(10)
7 The Penal Code (1Qs 6:24---7:25 // 4Q258 5:1 // 4Q259 1:4--15; 2:3--9 // 4Q261 3:2--4; 4A--B:1--6; 5A--C:1--9; 6A--E:1-5)
191(26)
7.1 Introduction
191(2)
7.2 Translation
193(7)
7.2.1 Introduction (1QS 6:24a // 4Q261 3:2a)
193(1)
7.2.2 Offences Involving the Spoken Word
194(1)
7.2.2.1 Fraudulent Speech (1QS 6:24b--25a // 4Q261 3:2b--4)
194(1)
7.2.2.2 Unguarded or Disrespectful Speech (1QS 6:25b--27a)
194(1)
7.2.2.3 Blasphemy (1QS 6:27b--7:2a // 4Q261 4a--b:1--4a)
194(1)
7.2.2.4 Verbal Outburst Against Registered Priests (1QS 7:2b--3b // 4Q261 4a--b:4b--6)
194(1)
7.2.2.5 Deliberate Deception (1QS 7:3c--4a)
195(1)
7.2.2.6 Unjustified Reproach (1QS 7:4b-5a)
195(1)
7.2.2.7 Deceptive Speech (1QS 7:5b--6a)
195(1)
7.2.3 Offences Involving Behaviour
195(1)
7.2.3.1 Fraudulent Actions (1QS 7:6b--8a)
195(1)
7.2.3.2 Bearing a Grudge or Retaliating (1QS 7:8b--9a // 4Q259 1:4)
195(1)
7.2.4 Misconduct During Communal Meetings
196(1)
7.2.4.1 Foolish Speech (1QS 7:9b)
196(1)
7.2.4.2 Interrupting a Fellow Member (1QS 7:9b--10a // 4Q261 5a--c: 1-2a)
196(1)
7.2.4.3 Lying Down to Sleep (1QS 7:10b // 4Q259 1:6 // 4Q261 5a--c: 2b--3a)
196(1)
7.2.4.4 Leaving Without Permission (1QS 7:10c--11a // 4Q259 1:7a // 4Q261 5a--c: 3b)
196(1)
7.2.4.5 Dozing Off Repeatedly (1QS 7:11b // 4Q259 1:7b--8a // 4Q261 5a-c: 4)
196(1)
7.2.4.6 Leaving While the Assembled are on Their Feet (1QS 7:11c--12a // 4Q259 1:8b--9a // 4Q261 5a--c: 5a)
197(1)
7.2.5 Indecent and Socially Unacceptable Behaviour
197(1)
7.2.5.1 Walking Naked Without Duress (1QS 7:12b // 4Q259 1:9b--10a // 4Q261 5a---c: 5b--7a)
197(1)
7.2.5.2 Spitting (1QS 7: 13a // 4Q259 1:10b--11a // 4Q261 5a--c: 7b--8a)
197(1)
7.2.5.3 Exposure (1QS 7:13b--14a // 4Q258 5:1 // 4Q259 1:11b--13a // 4Q261 5a--c: 8b--9a)
197(1)
7.2.5.4 Ill-Mannered Laughter (1QS 7:14b-15a // 4Q259 1:13b--14a // 4Q261 5a--c: 9b)
198(1)
7.2.5.5 Gesticulating with the Left Hand (1QS 7:15b // 4Q259 1:14b--15 // 4Q261 6a--e: 1a)
198(1)
7.2.6 Undermining Shared Values
198(1)
7.2.6.1 Slander (1QS 7:15c--17a // 4Q261 6a--e:1b--3a)
198(1)
7.2.6.2 Expressing Discontent (1QS 7:17b--18a // 4Q261 6a--e: 3b-5)
199(1)
7.2.6.3 Wavering Loyalty to the Principles of the Community (1QS 7:18b--21 // 4Q259 2:3--5a)
199(1)
7.2.6.4 Betrayal on the Part of a Member of Long Standing (1QS 7:22--25 // 4Q259 2:5b--9a)
199(1)
7.3 Textual Notes
200(7)
7.4 Commentary
207(10)
7.4.1 Introduction (1QS 6:24a // 4Q261 3:2a)
207(1)
7.4.2 Offences Involving the Spoken Word
207(1)
7.4.2.1 Fraudulent Speech (1QS 6:24b--25a // 4Q261 3:2b--4)
207(1)
7.4.2.2 Unguarded or Disrespectful Speech (1QS 6:25b--27a)
208(1)
7.4.2.3 Blasphemy (1QS 6:27b--7:2a // 4Q261 4a--b:1--4a)
208(1)
7.4.2.4 Verbal Outburst Against Registered Priests (1QS 7:2b-3b // 4Q261 4a--b:4b--6)
209(1)
7.4.2.5 Deliberate Deception (1QS 7:3c--4a)
209(1)
7.4.2.6 Unjustified Reproach (1QS 7:4b--5a)
209(1)
7.4.2.7 Deceptive Speech (1QS 7:5b--6a)
209(1)
7.4.3 Offences Involving Behaviour
209(1)
7.4.3.1 Fraudulent Actions (1QS 7:6b--8a)
209(1)
7.4.3.2 Bearing a Grudge or Retaliating (1QS 7:8b--9a // 4Q259 1:4)
210(1)
7.4.4 Misconduct during Communal Meetings
210(1)
7.4.4.1 Foolish Speech (1QS:9b)
210(1)
7.4.4.2 Interrupting a Fellow Member (1QS 7:9b--10a // 4Q261 5a--c: 1--2a)
210(1)
7.4.4.3 Lying Down to Sleep (1QS 7:10b // 4Q259 1:6 // 4Q261 5a--c: 2b--3a)
210(1)
7.4.4.4 Leaving Without Permission (1QS 7:10c--11a // 4Q259 1:7a // 4Q2615 a--c: 3b)
211(1)
7.4.4.5 Dozing Off Repeatedly (1QS 7:11b // 4Q259 1:7b--8a // 4Q261 5a--c:4)
211(1)
7.4.4.6 Leaving While the Assembled are on Their Feet (1QS 7:11c--12a // 4Q259 1:8b--9a // 4Q261 5a--c: 5a)
211(1)
7.4.5 Indecent and Socially Unacceptable Behaviour
211(1)
7.4.5.1 Walking Naked Without Duress (1QS 7:12b // 4Q259 1:9b--10a // 4Q261 5a--c: 5b--7a)
212(1)
7.4.5.2 Spitting (1QS 7:13a // 4Q259 1:10b--11a // 4Q261 5a--c: 7b--8a)
212(1)
7.4.5.3 Exposure (1QS 7:13b--14a // 4Q258 5:1 // 4Q259 1:11b--13a // 4Q261 5a--c: 8b--9a)
213(1)
7.4.5.4 Ill-Mannered Laughter (1QS 7:14b-15a // 4Q259 1:13b--14a // 4Q261 5a--c: 9b)
213(1)
7.4.5.5 Gesticulating with the Left Hand (1QS 7:15b // 4Q259 1:14b---15 // 4Q261 6a---e:1a)
213(1)
7.4.6 Undermining Shared Values
214(1)
7.4.6.1 Slander (1QS 7:15c--17a // 4Q261 6a--e: 1b--3a)
214(1)
7.4.6.2 Expressing Discontent (1QS 7:17b--18a // 4Q261 6a--e: 3b--5)
214(1)
7.4.6.3 Wavering Loyalty to the Principles of the Community (1QS 7:18b--21 // 4Q259 2:3--5a)
214(1)
7.4.6.4 Betrayal on the Part of a Member of Long Standing (1QS 7:22--25 // 4Q259 2:5b--9a)
215(2)
8 The Council Of The Community (1Qs 8:1-16A // 4Q258 6:1--8A // 4Q259 2:9B--3:6A)
217(16)
8.1 Introduction
217(1)
8.2 Translation
218(3)
8.2.1 Expectations for the Emerging Council of the Community (1QS8:1--4b // 4Q259 2:9b--13a)
218(1)
8.2.2 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Temple in a Context of Looming Judgment (1QS 8:4c--7a // 4Q258:6:1 // 4Q259 2:13b--16a)
218(1)
8.2.3 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Fortified City (1QS 8:7b--8a // 4Q258: 6:2b // 4Q259 2:16b)
219(1)
8.2.4 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Temple as Part of a Covenantal Relationship (1QS 8:8b--10a // 4Q258: 6:2c--4a // 4Q259 2:16c--18a)
219(1)
8.2.5 A Sub-Group is Set Apart as Holy and to be Granted Access to the Findings of the Scholar (1QS 8:10b--12a // 4Q258 6:4b--6a // 4Q259 2:18b--3:1--3a)
220(1)
8.2.6 The Emerging Council is to Keep Apart from the People of Injustice and Devote Themselves to the Study of the Law (lQS8:12b--16a // 4Q258 6:6a--8a // 4Q259 2:3b--6a)
220(1)
8.3 Textual Notes
221(4)
8.4 Commentary
225(8)
8.4.1 Expectations for the Emerging Community (1QS 8:1--4b // 4Q259 2:9b--13a)
225(1)
8.4.2 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Temple in a Context of Looming Judgment (1QS 8:4c--7a // 4Q258: 6:1 // 4Q259 2:13b--16a)
226(1)
8.4.3 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Fortified City (1QS 8:7b--8a // 4Q258: 6:2b // 4Q259 2:16b)
227(1)
8.4.4 The Emerging Community is Likened to a Temple as Part of a Covenantal Relationship (1QS 8:8b--10a // 4Q258: 6:2c--4a // 4Q259 2:16c--18a)
228(1)
8.4.5 A Sub-Group is Set Apart as Holy and to be Granted Access to the Findings of the Scholar (1QS 8:10b--12a // 4Q258 6:4b--6a // 4Q259 2:18b--3:3a)
229(1)
8.4.6 The Emerging Council is to Keep Apart from the People of Injustice and Devote Themselves to the Study of the Law (1QS 8:12b--16a // 4Q258 6:6a--8a // 4Q259 3:3b--6a)
229(4)
9 Deliberate Failure To Obey A Commandment (1Qs 8:16B--19 // 4Q258 6:8B--11A // Lacking In 4Q259)
233(4)
9.1 Introduction
233(1)
9.2 Translation
234(1)
9.3 Textual Notes
234(1)
9.4 Commentary
234(3)
10 Rules Of Conduct And Discipline For The People Of Perfect Holiness (1Qs 8:20--9:2 // 4Q258 6:12; 7:1--3 // Lacking In 4Q259)
237(4)
10.1 Introduction
237(1)
10.2 Translation
238(1)
10.3 Textual Notes
239(1)
10.4 Commentary
239(2)
11 The Community And The Cultic Realm (1Qs 9:3--6 // 4Q258 7:4--7A // Lacking In 4Q259)
241(4)
11.1 Introduction
241(1)
11.2 Translation
242(1)
11.3 Textual Notes
242(1)
11.4 Commentary
243(2)
12 The Authority Of The Sons Of Aaron (1Qs 9:7 // 4Q258 7:7B // Lacking In 4Q259)
245(2)
12.1 Introduction
245(1)
12.2 Translation
245(1)
12.3 Textual Notes
245(1)
12.4 Commentary
245(2)
13 The Conduct Of The People Of Holiness And The People Of Deceit (1Qs 9:8--11 // 4Q258 7:7C--9 // Lacking In 4Q259)
247(4)
13.1 Introduction
247(1)
13.2 Translation
247(1)
13.2.1 The Property of the People of Holiness (1QS 9:7--9a // 4Q258 7:7c--8)
247(1)
13.2.2 A Warning to the People of Deceit (1QS 9:9b--11a // 4Q258 7:9b)
248(1)
13.3 Textual Notes
248(1)
13.4 Commentary
248(3)
13.4.1 The Property of the People of Holiness (1QS 9:7--9a // 4Q258 7:7c--8)
248(1)
13.4.2 A Warning to the People of Deceit (1QS 9:9b--11a // 4Q258 7:9b)
249(2)
14 The Statutes For The Maskil (1Qs 9:12--25 // 4Q256 18:1--7 // 4Q258 7:15--8:9 // 4Q259 3:6B--4:8 // 4Q260 1:1--2)
251(14)
14.1 Introduction
251(2)
14.2 Translation
253(3)
14.2.1 The Maskil's Role among Humanity Supported by Successive Revelations (1QS 9:12--14a // 4Q259 3:6b--10a)
253(1)
14.2.2 Establishing Boundaries (1 QS 9:14b-18a // 4Q256 18 1a // 4Q258 7:15--8:3a // 4Q259 3:10b--16a)
253(1)
14.2.3 The Maskil in the Midst of the Yahad (1QS 9:18b--21a // 4Q256 18:1b--4a // 4Q258 8:3b--5a // 4Q259 3:16b--4:2a)
254(1)
14.2.4 The Rules of Conduct for the Maskil (1QS 9:21b--25 // 4Q256 18:4b--7 // 4Q258 8:5b--9 // 4Q259 4:2b--6 // 4Q260 1:1--2)
255(1)
14.3 Textual Notes
256(3)
14.4 Commentary
259(6)
14.4.1 The Maskil's Role among Humanity Supported by Successive Revelation (1QS 9:12--14a // 4Q259 3:6b--10a)
259(1)
14.4.2 Establishing Boundaries (1QS 9:14b--18a // 4Q256 18 1a // 4Q258 7:15--8:3a // 4Q259 3:10b--16a)
260(2)
14.4.3 The Maskil in the Midst of the Yahad (1QS 9:18b--21a // 4Q256 18:1b--4a // 4Q258 8:3b--5a // 4Q259 3:16b4:2a)
262(1)
14.4.4 The Rules of Conduct for the Maskil (1QS 9:21b--25 // 4Q256 18:4b--7 // 4Q258 8:5b--9 // 4Q259 4:2b--6 // 4Q260 1:1--2)
262(3)
15 Hymn (1Qs 9:26--11:22 // 4Q256 19:1--6; 20:2--7; 23:1--3 // 4Q258 8:10--10:8A; 12:4; 13:1--3 // 4Q260 2:1--5; 3:1--3; 4:1-5:7 // 4Q264 1:1-10)
265(36)
15.1 Introduction
265(10)
15.1.1 The Final Hymn and the Calendrical Anthology 4Q259 4--7 (4Otot [ 4Q319])
266(3)
15.1.2 The Apotropaic Function of Praise
269(1)
15.1.3 The Hymn and the Covenant Ceremony
270(1)
a Statutes / Commandments
270(1)
b Blessings
271(1)
c God's Righteous and Powerful Acts
271(1)
d Fear and Terror Followed by Blessing and Account of God's Marvellous Acts
272(1)
e Belial/Worthlessness
272(1)
f Judgment / Salvation and the Liminal Space in Betweeen
272(1)
g Apostates
273(1)
h Perfection
274(1)
15.1.4 The Hymn and the Statutes for the Maskil
274(1)
15.1.5 The Hymn and the Hodayot
275(1)
15.2 Translation
275(8)
15.2.1 Introductory Rubric (1QS 9:26--10:1a // 4Q258 8:10--11a)
275(1)
15.2.2 A Calendar for Praise (1QS 10:1b--8 // 4Q256 19:1--6 // 4Q258 8:11b--9:7a // 4Q260 2:1--5)
275(2)
15.2.3 Timely Music and Praise of God (1QS 10:9--16a // 4Q256 20:2--5a // 4Q258 9:7b--10:5a // 4Q260 3:1--3; 4:1--3a)
277(2)
15.2.4 God's Judgment and the Psalmist's Anger (1QS 10:16b--24b // 4Q256 20:5b--7 // 4Q258 10:5b--8a // 4Q260 4:3b--5:7)
279(1)
15.2.5 Secrecy (1QS 10:24c--11:2a)
280(1)
15.2.6 The Psalmist's Relationship to God (1QS 11:2b--5b)
281(1)
15.2.7 The Psalmist's Privileged Access to Revelation (1QS 11:5c--7a)
281(1)
15.2.8 An Elevated Community in Communion with the Heavenly Realm (1QS 11:7b--9a // 4Q258 12:4)
281(1)
15.2.9 The Speaker's Lowly Humanity and Shortcomings Contrasted with Divine Providence and Righteousness (1QS 11:9b--15b // 4Q258 13:1--3 // 4Q264 1--3a)
281(1)
15.2.10 A Final Blessing and Restatement of Creaturely Frailty (1QS 11:15c--22 // 4Q256 23:1--3 // 4Q264 3b--10)
282(1)
15.3 Textual Notes
283(9)
15.4 Commentary
292(9)
15.4.1 Introductory Rubric (1QS 9:26b--10:1a // 4Q258 8:10--11a)
292(1)
15.4.2 Calendar for Praise (1QS 10:11b--8 // 4Q256 19:1--6 // 4Q258 8:11b--9:7a // 4Q260 2:1--5)
293(3)
15.4.3 Timely Music and Praise of God (1QS 10:9--16a // 4Q256 20:2--5a // 4Q258 9:7b--10:5a // 4Q260 3:1--3; 4:1--3a)
296(2)
15.4.4 God's Judgment and the Psalmist's Anger (1QS 10:16b--24b // 4Q256 20:5b--7 // 4Q258 10:5b--8a // 4Q260 4:3b--5:7)
298(1)
15.4.5 Secrecy (1QS 10:24c--11:2a)
298(1)
15.4.6 The Psalmist's Relationship to God (1QS 11:2b--5b)
298(1)
15.4.7 The Psalmist's Elevated Access to Revelation (1QS 11:5c--7a)
299(1)
15.4.8 An Elevated Community in Communion with the Heavenly Realm (1QS 11:7b--9a // 4Q258 12:4)
299(1)
15.4.9 The Speaker's Lowly Humanity and Shortcomings Contrasted with Divine Providence and Righteousness (1QS 11:9b--15b // 4Q258 13:1--3 // 4Q264 1--3a)
299(1)
15.4.10 A Final Blessing and Restatement of Creaturely Frailty (1QS 11:15c--22 // 4Q256 23:1--3 // 4Q264 3b--10)
300(1)
Bibliography 301(22)
Index of Ancient Sources 323(17)
Index of Modern Authors 340
Born 1966; 1991 BA; 1995 PhD; 1995-99 Post-Doctoral Research Fellowships at the Universities of Birmingham and Cambridge; 1999-2004 Maternity Career Break; 2005 Research Fellow, 2008 Senior Research Fellow, 2010 Senior Lecturer, 2013 Reader and since 2016 Professor of Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism at the University of Birmingham, UK.