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El. knyga: Complete Idiot's Guide to Investing, 4th Edition: Make Your Hard-Earned Money Work Hard for You

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, (University of Hull UK)
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A guide to current forms of investment covers the effects of the financial crisis, risk, objectives, retirement planning, expenses, investment types, taxes, insurance, estate planning, and more complex investment strategies.

A penny saved may be a penny earned, but a penny invested can be even more.

In this financial crisis, old advice about equities, mutual funds, commodities, and real estate may no longer hold. Here is a fresh look at all aspects of investing to help readers protect and grow their wealth. This edition includes the most current information on: corporate fundamentals; the sub-prime crisis and its effects; practical tools for evaluating mutual funds; advice about riding the equity market; and the use of Exchange Traded Funds.

Part 1: What Does ``Financial Security'' Mean to You?
1(78)
Bubbles and Bailouts: Understanding the Financial Crisis
3(10)
The Old-School Mortgage
3(1)
New Mortgage Products Set the Stage for the Housing Bubble
4(1)
Enter the Flippers
5(1)
The Bubble Bursts
5(1)
Dodging Financial Bubbles
6(1)
How the Government Contributed to the Financial Crisis
7(2)
Bailout Basics
9(4)
Put Your Money to Work for You
13(14)
Putting Money to Work Is the Essence of Investing
13(1)
The Miracle of Compounding
14(1)
How Compounding Makes the Difference
15(1)
An Easy Way to Figure Compound Interest
16(3)
The ``Blow-Your-Mind-by-Adding-Time'' Chart
19(1)
The 10 Percent Habit
19(1)
Become an Educated Investor, Not Just a Consumer
20(1)
Time, Risk, and Your Sanity
20(3)
The Fed's Balancing Act: Dampening Inflation Without Dumping on Us
23(4)
The Problem with Inflation
24(1)
What Do Interest Rates Have to Do with Stocks and Bonds? Glad You Asked!
25(2)
How Do You Really Feel About Risk?
27(16)
What Is Return?
28(1)
What You Made, What You Paid
28(1)
Fear of Heights: The Higher the Return, the Greater the Risk
29(1)
The Tools of the Trade
30(2)
Standard Deviation and a Podunk Potato
30(1)
Deviant Behavior
31(1)
The Three Broad Investment Classes
32(2)
Variety Is the Spice of Life
34(1)
Quiz Thyself to Know Thyself: Risk Tolerance Quiz
34(4)
Got the Time? Take the Time Horizon Quiz
38(5)
Selecting Your Investing Objectives and Style
43(12)
Just-in-Case Cash
44(5)
Mattresses Are for Sleeping, Not Stashing
44(1)
Treasury Bills
45(1)
Certificates of Deposit
46(1)
Savings Accounts
47(1)
Money Market Funds
47(2)
Eenie, Meenie, Minie, Mo
49(1)
How Can I Bring Home the Bacon, Fry It Up in a Pan, and Have Some Left Over?
49(3)
And Baby Makes How Much?
50(1)
Oh, Give Me a Roof
51(1)
Who's the Boss? You!
51(1)
How Gold Do You Want Your Golden Years to Be?
52(3)
What Do You Have Right Now-and What Will You Need to Retire?
55(24)
So What Will Social Security Do for Me, Anyway?
56(1)
Time to Pester Human Resources
57(1)
Help, I'm Self-Employed!
58(1)
Creating Your Own Fabulous Pension Plan
59(1)
A Super-Easy Way to Figure Out How Much You Need to Save
60(4)
Use the 401(k) Plan, Stan
64(1)
Get an IRA!
65(1)
Trust Us, You Really Don't Want to Wait
66(1)
But My Circumstances Will Change... Won't They?
66(1)
Stagger Your Debt
67(1)
Your Personal Balance Sheet: A Snapshot of Your Finances
68(11)
Your Personal Balance Sheet: A Snapshot of Your Finances
68(2)
Get a Grip with a Personal Income Statement
70(3)
A Happy Couple on the Right Track
73(2)
Your Typical Young Guy Living Hand to Mouth
75(4)
Part 2: Creating a Plan
79(56)
Retirement Plans 101
81(16)
If You Aren't Planning for Retirement Yet, You're Not Alone
82(1)
Defined Benefit Plans
82(3)
How the Amount of Your Monthly Pension Is Determined
83(2)
A Whole Lotta Lumps or Just One: The Lump-Sum Option
85(1)
If Your Employer Drops the Ball
85(1)
Defined Contribution Plans
85(1)
401(k) and 403(b) Plans
86(2)
Benefits of 401(k) and 403(b) Plans
86(1)
Can I Borrow from My 401 (k)?
87(1)
What If I Change Employers?
88(1)
Contribution Limits
88(1)
Should You Put All Your Eggs in the Company Basket? Ask the Folks at Enron
89(1)
What About Stock Options? Go for It
90(1)
Individual Retirement Accounts
91(1)
Old Faithful: The Traditional IRA
92(1)
The Flexible Roth IRA
92(2)
Avoiding the 10 Percent Early Withdrawal Penalty
94(1)
Which IRA Is Right for Me?
94(1)
Traditional and Roth IRA Contribution Limits
95(2)
Solving Debt and Credit Problems
97(10)
What Does Your Credit Report Say About You?
98(1)
CRA Horror Stories
98(1)
How to Check Your Credit Reports
99(2)
Debit Cards: A Better Choice?
101(1)
The Mysteries of Your FICO Score
101(2)
Paying Your Bills on Time (35 Percent)
102(1)
Ratio of Debt to Total Credit Limit (30 Percent)
102(1)
Length of Credit History (15 Percent)
103(1)
New Accounts, Credit Inquiries, and Recent Applications (10 Percent)
103(1)
Mix of Credit Cards and Loans (10 Percent)
103(1)
Should I Pay Off My Debt or Invest?
103(4)
Home Ownership: What You Need to Know
107(14)
The Down Payment
108(1)
Timing Is Everything
108(1)
Re-Fi Mania
109(1)
Evaluate Your Mortgage-Worthiness Before a Banker Does
110(1)
Compare Renting to Owning
110(1)
Over Time, Owning Should Save You Money
111(1)
Renting Pluses
112(1)
How Much of Your Income Should You Spend on Housing?
112(1)
Fixed-Rate vs. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage
112(1)
I.O. for U?
113(1)
The Costs of Closing
114(1)
Second Mortgages: Pros and Cons
115(1)
Pluses and Pitfalls of Paying Off Your Mortgage
116(1)
Should You Shorten Your Mortgage?
117(1)
The Relocation Package
117(1)
Renting Out Your Home When You Move
118(1)
Real Estate Agents
119(1)
Closing the Deal
119(2)
Funding Your Own (or Your Child's) Education
121(14)
An Overview of College Costs
122(1)
An Investment That Really Pays
122(1)
Put Your Financial Security First
123(1)
Establishing an Education Fund
123(1)
Using a Traditional or Roth IRA to Save for College
124(1)
Coverdell Education Savings Accounts (ESAs)
125(1)
Qualified Tuition Programs (Section 529s)
125(2)
Pros and Cons of 529 Plans
127(1)
Tax Breaks for Education Expenses
128(1)
The Hope Scholarship Credit
128(1)
Lifetime Learning Credits
129(1)
Mix and Match Carefully
129(1)
The Education-Loan Interest Deduction
129(1)
Patriot Bonds (formerly EE Savings Bonds)
129(2)
Other Options
131(1)
Sorting Out All the Options
131(1)
In Whose Name?
132(3)
Part 3: Investing 101
135(98)
What Are They Up to on Wall Street, Anyway?
137(22)
The Purpose of Wall Street
138(2)
The Primary Market
138(1)
The Secondary Market
139(1)
The Stock Exchanges
140(1)
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
141(1)
What's With All the Animal References?
142(1)
But What Do All Those Numbers Mean?
142(2)
The Key to Your Stock Knowledge: Price-Earnings Ratios
144(1)
Look into My P/E Crystal Ball
145(1)
Should You Play with the Big Kids or Just Get a Piggyback Ride?
146(3)
Take the Easy Route
146(1)
Creating Your Own Stock Index Fund
147(1)
Just Buy Large-Cap Stocks
147(1)
How to Manage Your Index Fund: Leave It Alone!
148(1)
The Best Ways to React to Blips
148(1)
Asset Allocation/Rebalancing
149(1)
How Much Stock Should Be in Your Portfolio?
149(2)
Dollar Cost Averaging, or How to Own Stocks and Stay Happy
151(1)
The Two Secrets of Successful Investing
152(1)
Interest Rates and the Market
152(1)
Choosing a Broker
153(1)
Traditional vs. Discount
153(1)
Check Out Your Broker's Background
153(1)
SIPC Protection (or What If My Broker Goes Bust?)
154(1)
Placing a Trade with Your Broker
154(2)
Asset Management Accounts
156(1)
Financial Advisors
157(2)
How to Invest in Individual Stocks ... Not That We Recommend It!
159(16)
Trading Tips
160(1)
When Should You Buy Stock?
161(1)
If You Buy It, You'd Better Love It
161(1)
The Biggest ``Do'' of All: Invest in Quality
162(2)
Researching Individual Stocks
164(1)
The Invaluable Value Line
164(1)
S&P Stock Guides: Another Great Tool
165(1)
The Best Newspapers for Stock Info
165(1)
All the News That's Fit to Print: Company Annual Reports
165(4)
Analyzing a Company's Annual Report
166(2)
Analyzing the Balance Sheet
168(1)
Dividends: How Companies Share the Wealth
169(1)
The Truth About Stock Splits
169(2)
Diversifying Your Stock Portfolio: How Many Holdings Are Enough?
171(1)
We're Not Talking About Leaky Faucets: Investing Through DRIPs
172(1)
Changed Your Mind About Being Your Own Securities Analyst?
173(2)
Slow and Steady Wins the Race: Fixed-Income Securities
175(22)
What Are Fixed-Income Securities For?
176(1)
When Do You Get That Groovy Interest Income?
176(3)
Beware the Call Feature
177(1)
Sinkers
178(1)
The Wonderful World of Bond (No, Not James)
179(4)
When Do You Want Bonds in Your Portfolio?
180(1)
How Inflation Erodes Bonds
181(2)
A Simple Rule for Deciding How Much of Your Portfolio to Keep in Bonds
183(2)
Bond Ratings
183(1)
How to Read a Bond Table
184(1)
Corporate Debt---An Unwise Choice for Small Investors
185(1)
Treasuries---Smart Alternative to Corporate Debt
186(2)
How to Buy Treasuries
187(1)
Buying Outstanding Treasuries
187(1)
An Old Favorite: Savings Bonds
188(3)
Patriot Bonds (Formerly EE Savings Bonds)
189(1)
I Bonds
190(1)
Agency-O-Rama
191(1)
CDs: A Viable Alternative to Government Debt
192(1)
Municipal Bonds
193(1)
Calculating Taxable-Equivalent Yield
193(1)
Money Market Funds
194(3)
Preferred Stock: A Hybrid of Wall Street
197(8)
What Do You Get When You Mix Stocks with Bonds?
198(1)
It Just Doesn't Make Sense
198(1)
Bolstering Capital
199(1)
It's a Family Affair
200(1)
What to Look for in a Preferred Stock
200(3)
Cumulative vs. Noncumulative
201(1)
Voting Rights
201(1)
Redemption Rights
202(1)
Participating Provisions
202(1)
Adjustable Rate Provisions
203(1)
Riding with the Top Down: Convertible Preferred Stock
203(2)
Navigating the Mutual Fund Universe
205(18)
What Exactly Are Mutual Funds?
206(1)
Open-End and Closed-End Funds
206(2)
Avoid Load Funds
208(1)
Index and Tax-Advantaged Funds
209(1)
Exchange-Traded Funds
209(2)
SPDRs
210(1)
iShares
211(1)
HOLD Rs: An Alternative to ETFs
211(2)
What's out There in the Fund Universe?
213(1)
Why Funds Are a Great Investment Option
214(1)
How to Pick a Winning Mutual Fund
215(3)
Money Market Funds
218(3)
Lifestyle and Tax-Efficient Funds
221(1)
Pick a Date to Rebalance Your Mutual Fund Holdings Annually
221(2)
Investing in Real Estate: Pros and Cons
223(10)
Why Own Real Estate?
223(1)
Advantages of Investing Through REITs
224(1)
Types of REITs
225(2)
REIT Funds Offer Better Quality and Safety
226(1)
Not All REITs Are Alike
227(1)
REIT Resources
228(1)
Four Types of Real Estate Ownership
228(1)
Eight Basic Forms of Real Estate
229(1)
Purchase and Rental of Homes and Apartment Buildings
230(1)
Location, Location, Location
231(1)
How Rental Income Hits Your Tax Return
231(2)
Part 4: Rolling with Life's Changes
233(46)
Work Smart, Not Just Hard: Getting the Max from Your Job
235(12)
What to Ask a New Employer
236(1)
Transferring Retirement Accounts
237(1)
So You're Your Own Boss
238(2)
Setting Up Your Own Retirement Plan
238(2)
Retirement ... at Last!
240(1)
How the Retirement Age You Choose Affects Social Security
241(1)
Pay Tax on Social Security Benefits? Sad, but True
242(1)
Can You Work and Still Collect Social Security?
243(1)
Advantages to Delaying Retirement
243(1)
When and How to Apply for Your S.S. Benefits
243(1)
How Does Medicare Work?
244(1)
Part A and a Hospital Stay
244(1)
How to Pay for the Expenses Medicare Doesn't Cover
244(1)
What About Lump-Sum Retirement Benefits?
245(2)
The Ramifications of Romance
247(10)
When You Need a Pre-Nup
248(1)
The Marriage Tax Becomes the Marriage Bonus
249(1)
Joint Bank Accounts
250(1)
Should You Keep Separate Investment Portfolios?
251(1)
Untangling Your Assets During Divorce
252(1)
Handling the House
252(1)
Divvying Up Other Assets
252(1)
QDROs---How to Split Retirement Assets When You Split
253(1)
Negotiate with Your Head, Not Your Spleen
253(1)
Other Divorce Options
254(3)
Cutting Expenses Is Investing
257(12)
Become a Hunter/Gatherer
258(1)
Your Tax Bracket Is Higher Than You Think
258(1)
Risk-Free Saving Where You Least Expect It
259(1)
Buying Bulk Is a Great Investment
260(1)
Your Car: Leasing vs. Ownership
261(3)
Advantages of Leasing
261(1)
Disadvantages of Leasing
262(1)
The Bottom Line on Leasing
263(1)
If You Buy a Car
264(1)
Choosing a Bank
264(1)
Knocking Down Real Estate Taxes
265(1)
Credit Cards
265(4)
Covering Your Assets
269(10)
Don't Insure What You Can Afford to Replace
270(1)
Life Insurance Simplified
270(5)
Determining Your Insurance Needs
271(1)
The Five Basic Types of Life Insurance
271(4)
Term Life Insurance
275(1)
Annuities
275(1)
Your Kids Don't Need Life Insurance
276(1)
Insuring Your Home and Other Assets
276(3)
Part 5: Advanced Investing Strategies
279(66)
Keeping Uncle Sam's Mitts off Your Assets
281(12)
Why You Don't Want to Die Without a Will
282(1)
Probate: The Process of Administering Your Will
283(1)
Living Trust
283(1)
Joint Ownership
284(1)
Estate Tax Repealed in 2010!
284(3)
They Can Tax That?!
285(1)
Cons of Passing Everything on to Your Spouse
286(1)
Watch That Generation Gap
287(1)
Tax-Saving Alternatives
287(1)
Credit Shelter Trust
287(1)
QTIP: No, Not the Kind You Stick in Your Ear
287(1)
Charitable Trusts
288(1)
Other Ways to Reduce Estate Taxes
288(2)
Life (Saver!) Insurance
289(1)
The Gift That Keeps on Giving
289(1)
Just a Little Token---Gifts to Minors' Trusts
289(1)
Personal Residence Trust
289(1)
What If You Inherit Money?
290(3)
What to Do When Your Ship Comes In
290(1)
Beyond Cash: Property, Businesses, and Valuables
291(1)
What to Do with the Dough
292(1)
Hedging Your Options
293(14)
Weighing Your Options
293(1)
Puts and Calls
294(2)
Hedge Your Bet with a Call
295(1)
Prevent Portfolio Wipeout with a Put
295(1)
How Did This Get Started?
296(1)
Risk-Loving Speculator Seeks Cautious Hedgehog
296(1)
In the Money
297(1)
Reading an Options Table
297(3)
Options Galore
299(1)
Selling Short vs. Trading Options
300(1)
Risky Business
300(1)
Option Strategies That Protect Your Stock Positions
301(1)
Stock Index Options
302(2)
S&P Index Options
302(1)
Hedge Strategies for Index Options
303(1)
The Braveheart of Wall Street
304(1)
LEAPS
304(3)
Fancy Futures
307(10)
What Is a Commodity?
308(1)
It All Began with Farmers
308(1)
How a Future Differs from an Option
309(1)
How Margins Work
310(1)
Using Futures to Offset Uncertainty
311(1)
Financial Futures
312(1)
Options on Futures---Oy!
313(1)
Spread Strategies for Speculators
314(1)
Gold Nuggets
315(2)
Alternative Investments
317(28)
How Regular Folk Discovered Alternative Investments
318(1)
Hedge Funds
319(1)
Venture Capital and LBO Funds
319(1)
The Private Equity Fund of Funds
320(2)
What You Need to Qualify for a Fund of Funds
320(1)
How Limited Partnership Works
321(1)
Pros and Cons of LP Investments
322(3)
Appendixes
Glossary
325(10)
Useful Investing Information
335(6)
Quick Reference Points
341(4)
Index 345
Ed Koch, former New York City mayor, writes for several magazines, andhas a weekly program on Bloomberg Radio WBBR as well as a weeklytelevision spot on New York News 1. He lives in New York City.