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Concepts in Thermal Physics [Kietas viršelis]

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Contributions by Katherine M. Blundell, Stephen J. Blundell

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Kietas viršelis (Kaina: 171,55 €) - 01-Oct-2009

Formatas: Hardback, 488 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x189x29 mm, weight: 1223 g, 204 line drawings and halftones
Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2006
Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0198567693
ISBN-13: 9780198567691

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Formatas: Hardback, 488 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x189x29 mm, weight: 1223 g, 204 line drawings and halftones
Išleidimo metai: 01-Aug-2006
Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
ISBN-10: 0198567693
ISBN-13: 9780198567691

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780198567691.html

Raktažodžiai:

An understanding of thermal physics is crucial to much of modern physics, chemistry and engineering. This book provides a modern introduction to the main principles that are foundational to thermal physics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The key concepts are carefully presented in a clear way, and new ideas are illustrated with copious worked examples as well as a description of the historical background to their discovery. Applications are presented to subjects as diverse as stellar astrophysics, information and communication theory, condensed matter physics and climate change. Each chapter concludes with detailed exercises.

I. Preliminaries

(44)

Introduction

(11)

What is a mole?

(1)

The thermodynamic limit

(2)

The ideal gas

(1)

Combinatorial problems

(2)

Plan of the book

(4)

Exercises

(1)

Heat

(5)

A definition of heat

(1)

Heat capacity

(4)

Exercises

(1)

Probability

(12)

Discrete probability distributions

(1)

Continuous probability distributions

(1)

Linear transformation

(1)

Variance

(1)

Linear transformation and the variance

(1)

Independent variables

(6)

Further reading

(1)

Exercises

(3)

Temperature and the Boltzmann factor

(15)

Thermal equilibrium

(1)

Thermometers

(2)

The microstates and macrostates

(1)

A statistical definition of temperature

(2)

Ensembles

(1)

Canonical ensemble

(4)

Applications of the Boltzmann distribution

(5)

Further reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

II. Kinetic theory of gases

(28)

The Maxwell--Boltzmann distribution

(8)

The velocity distribution

(1)

The speed distribution

(2)

(v) and (v2)

(1)

The mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule

(1)

The maximum of f(v)

(1)

Experimental justification

(5)

Exercises

(2)

Pressure

(8)

Molecular distributions

(1)

Solid angles

(1)

The number of molecules travelling in a certain direction at a certain speed

(1)

The number of molecules hitting a wall

(1)

The ideal gas law

(2)

Dalton's law

(4)

Exercises

(3)

Molecular effusion

(6)

Flux

(2)

Effusion

(4)

Exercises

(1)

The mean free path and collisions

(5)

The mean collision time

(1)

The collision cross-section

(2)

The mean free path

(2)

Exercises

(1)

III. Transport and thermal diffusion

(30)

Transport properties in gases

(14)

Viscosity

(5)

Thermal conductivity

(2)

Diffusion

(3)

More-detailed theory

(4)

Further reading

(1)

Exercises

(1)

The thermal diffusion equation

(15)

Derivation of the thermal diffusion equation

(1)

The one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation

(3)

The steady state

(1)

The thermal diffusion equation for a sphere

(3)

Newton's law of cooling

(2)

The Prandtl number

(1)

Sources of heat

(5)

Exercises

(4)

IV. The first law

103

(18)

Energy

104

(10)

Some definitions

104

(2)

A system in thermal equilibrium

104

(1)

Functions of state

104

(2)

The first law of thermodynamics

106

(2)

Heat capacity

108

(6)

Exercises

111

(3)

Isothermal and adiabatic processes

114

(7)

Reversibility

114

(2)

Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas

116

(1)

Adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas

117

(1)

Adiabatic atmosphere

117

(4)

Exercises

119

(2)

V. The second law

121

(42)

Heat engines and the second law

122

(14)

The second law of thermodynamics

122

(1)

The Carnot engine

123

(3)

Carnot's theorem

126

(1)

Equivalence of Clausius and Kelvin statements

127

(1)

Examples of heat engines

127

(2)

Heat engines running backwards

129

(1)

Clausius' theorem

130

(6)

Further reading

133

(1)

Exercises

133

(3)

Entropy

136

(17)

Definition of entropy

136

(1)

Irreversible change

136

(2)

The first law revisited

138

(2)

The Joule expansion

140

(2)

The statistical basis for entropy

142

(1)

The entropy of mixing

143

(2)

Maxwell's demon

145

(1)

Entropy and probability

146

(7)

Exercises

149

(4)

Information theory

153

(10)

Information and Shannon entropy

153

(2)

Information and thermodynamics

155

(1)

Data compression

156

(2)

Quantum information

158

(5)

Further reading

161

(1)

Exercises

161

(2)

VI. Thermodynamics in action

163

(36)

Thermodynamic potentials

164

(18)

Internal energy, U

164

(1)

Enthalpy, H

165

(1)

Helmholtz function, F

166

(1)

Gibbs function, G.

167

(1)

Availability

168

(2)

Maxwell's relations

170

(12)

Exercises

178

(4)

Rods, bubbles and magnets

182

(11)

Elastic rod

182

(3)

Surface tension

185

(1)

Paramagnetism

186

(7)

Exercises

192

(1)

The third law

193

(6)

Different statements of the third law

193

(2)

Consequences of the third law

195

(4)

Exercises

198

(1)

VII. Statistical mechanics

199

(74)

Equipartition of energy

200

(9)

Equipartition theorem

200

(3)

Applications

203

(2)

Translational motion in a monatomic gas

203

(1)

Rotational motion in a diatomic gas

203

(1)

Vibrational motion in a diatomic gas

204

(1)

The heat capacity of a solid

205

(1)

Assumptions made

205

(2)

Brownian motion

207

(2)

Exercises

208

(1)

The partition function

209

(12)

Writing down the partition function

210

(1)

Obtaining the functions of state

211

(7)

The big idea

218

(1)

Combining partition functions

218

(3)

Exercises

219

(2)

Statistical mechanics of an ideal gas

221

(11)

Density of states

221

(2)

Quantum concentration

223

(1)

Distinguishability

224

(1)

Functions of state of the ideal gas

225

(3)

Gibbs paradox

228

(1)

Heat capacity of a diatomic gas

229

(3)

Exercises

230

(2)

The chemical potential

232

(15)

A definition of the chemical potential

232

(1)

The meaning of the chemical potential

233

(2)

Grand partition function

235

(1)

Grand potential

236

(2)

Chemical potential as Gibbs function per particle

238

(1)

Many types of particle

238

(1)

Particle number conservation laws

239

(1)

Chemical potential and chemical reactions

240

(7)

Further reading

245

(1)

Exercises

246

(1)

Photons

247

(16)

The classical thermodynamics of electromagnetic radiation

248

(1)

Spectral energy density

249

(1)

Kirchhoff's law

250

(2)

Radiation pressure

252

(1)

The statistical mechanics of the photon gas

253

(1)

Black body distribution

254

(3)

Cosmic Microwave Background radiation

257

(1)

The Einstein A and B coefficients

258

(5)

Further reading

261

(1)

Exercises

262

(1)

Phonons

263

(10)

The Einstein model

263

(2)

The Debye model

265

(3)

Phonon dispersion

268

(5)

Further reading

271

(1)

Exercises

271

(2)

VIII. Beyond the ideal gas

273

(80)

Relativistic gases

274

(6)

Relativistic dispersion relation for massive particles

274

(1)

The ultrarelativistic gas

274

(3)

Adiabatic expansion of an ultrarelativistic gas

277

(3)

Exercises

279

(1)

Real gases

280

(17)

The van der Waals gas

280

(8)

The Dieterici equation

288

(2)

Virial expansion

290

(4)

The law of corresponding states

294

(3)

Exercises

296

(1)

Cooling real gases

297

(8)

The Joule expansion

297

(2)

Isothermal expansion

299

(1)

Joule--Kelvin expansion

300

(2)

Liquefaction of gases

302

(3)

Exercises

304

(1)

Phase transitions

305

(20)

Latent heat

305

(3)

Chemical potential and phase changes

308

(1)

The Clausius--Clapeyron equation

308

(5)

Stability & metastability

313

(3)

The Gibbs phase rule

316

(2)

Colligative properties

318

(2)

Classification of phase transitions

320

(5)

Further reading

323

(1)

Exercises

323

(2)

Bose--Einstein and Fermi--Dirac distributions

325

(12)

Exchange and symmetry

325

(1)

Wave functions of identical particles

326

(3)

The statistics of identical particles

329

(8)

Further reading

332

(1)

Exercises

332

(5)

Quantum gases and condensates

337

(16)

The non-interacting quantum fluid

337

(3)

The Fermi gas

340

(5)

The Bose gas

345

(1)

Bose--Einstein condensation (BEC)

346

(7)

Further reading

351

(1)

Exercises

352

(1)

IX. Special topics

353

(80)

Sound waves

354

(7)

Sound waves under isothermal conditions

355

(1)

Sound waves under adiabatic conditions

355

(1)

Are sound waves in general adiabatic or isothermal?

356

(1)

Derivation of the speed of sound within fluids

357

(4)

Further reading

360

(1)

Exercises

360

(1)

Shock waves

361

(7)

The Mach number

361

(1)

Structure of shock waves

361

(2)

Shock conservation laws

363

(1)

The Rankine--Hugoniot conditions

364

(4)

Further reading

367

(1)

Exercises

367

(1)

Brownian motion and fluctuations

368

(18)

Brownian motion

368

(3)

Johnson noise

371

(1)

Fluctuations

372

(1)

Fluctuations and the availability

373

(2)

Linear response

375

(3)

Correlation functions

378

(8)

Further reading

385

(1)

Exercises

385

(1)

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

386

(12)

Entropy production

386

(1)

The kinetic coefficients

387

(1)

Proof of the Onsager reciprocal relations

388

(3)

Thermoelectricity

391

(4)

Time reversal and the arrow of time

395

(3)

Further reading

397

(1)

Exercises

397

(1)

Stars

398

(15)

Gravitational interaction

399

(5)

Gravitational collapse and the Jeans criterion

399

(2)

Hydrostatic equilibrium

401

(1)

The virial theorem

402

(2)

Nuclear reactions

404

(1)

Heat transfer

405

(8)

Heat transfer by photon diffusion

405

(2)

Heat transfer by convection

407

(1)

Scaling relations

408

(4)

Further reading

412

(1)

Exercises

412

(1)

Compact objects

413

(11)

Electron degeneracy pressure

413

(2)

White dwarfs

415

(1)

Neutron stars

416

(2)

Black holes

418

(1)

Accretion

419

(1)

Black holes and entropy

420

(1)

Life, the Universe and Entropy

421

(3)

Further reading

423

(1)

Exercises

423

(1)

Earth's atmosphere

424

(9)

Solar energy

424

(1)

The temperature profile in the atmosphere

425

(2)

The greenhouse effect

427

(6)

Further reading

432

(1)

Exercises

432

(1)

A. Fundamental constants

433

(1)

B. Useful formulae

434

(2)

C. Useful mathematics

436

(15)

The factorial integral

436

(1)

The Gaussian integral

436

(3)

Stirling's formula

439

(2)

Riemann zeta function

441

(1)

The polylogarithm

442

(1)

Partial derivatives

443

(1)

Exact differentials

444

(1)

Volume of a hypersphere

445

(1)

Jacobians

445

(2)

The Dirac delta function

447

(1)

Fourier transforms

447

(1)

Solution of the diffusion equation

448

(1)

Lagrange multipliers

449

(2)

D. The electromagnetic spectrum

451

(1)

E. Some thermodynamical definitions

452

(1)

F. Thermodynamic expansion formulae

453

(1)

G. Reduced mass

454

(1)

H. Glossary of main symbols

455

(2)

I. Bibliography

457

(3)

Index

460

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