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Concrete Face Rockfill Dams [Kietas viršelis]

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(Dam Consulting Engineer, Sao Paolo, Brazil), (Hydrogeo Engenharia S/C Ltda, Sao Paulo, Brazil), (Bayardo Materon & Associates, Sao Paulo, Brazil)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 408 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Sep-2010
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415578698
  • ISBN-13: 9780415578691
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Concrete Face Rockfill DamsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 408 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Sep-2010
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415578698
  • ISBN-13: 9780415578691
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780415578691.html
Raktažodžiai:

Concrete Face Rockfill Dams presents the state-of-the-art of dam design and construction. This consulting guide presents details and analyses of twenty-eight large CRFD dams worldwide, including the highest dam in the world. Twelve chapters provide specialist information on concepts, designs, technical specifications, construction details, and instrumentation. Both successes and failures that have led to substantial knowledge breakthroughs are discussed. Moreover, attention is paid to the plans for a CFRD dam over 300 meters high. Intended for dam engineers, this illustrated reference volume is also warmly recommended to other engineering professionals working on the design, construction, and operation of dams and related hydraulic structures.

List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xxiii
Foreword xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxi
About the authors xxxiii
Introduction xxxv
1 An overall introduction to concrete face rockfill dams
1(10)
1.1 A panorama of CFRDs in the world
1(4)
1.2 Important events related to CFRD
5(1)
1.3 CFRD in seismic areas - a historical event
6(4)
1.4 High dams in the near future
10(1)
1.5 Thoughts on very high CFRDs
10(1)
2 Design criteria for CFRDs
11(28)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Rockfill embankment
12(11)
2.2.1 Foundation excavation and treatment criteria
12(3)
2.2.2 Zoning designations
15(3)
2.2.3 Rockfill grading and quality
18(2)
2.2.4 Adding water to rockfill
20(1)
2.2.5 Downstream rockfill embankment face
20(1)
2.2.6 Temporary construction slopes and ramps
21(1)
2.2.7 Compaction control tests
22(1)
2.3 Water flow through rockfill and leakage
23(1)
2.4 Stability
24(2)
2.4.1 Static stability of the rockfill embankment
24(1)
2.4.2 Earthquake considerations
24(2)
2.5 Toe slab or the plinth
26(3)
2.5.1 Treatment of the plinth foundation
26(1)
2.5.2 Dimensions of the plinth
26(1)
2.5.3 Stability of the plinth
27(1)
2.5.4 Layout of the plinth
27(1)
2.5.5 Reinforcing, joints, and anchor bars of the plinth
28(1)
2.5.6 Grouting through toe slab
28(1)
2.6 Concrete face slab
29(3)
2.6.1 Concrete
29(2)
2.6.2 Thickness of face slab
31(1)
2.6.3 Reinforcing the slab
31(1)
2.7 Perimeter joint
32(2)
2.8 Parapet wall and camber
34(1)
2.9 Other impervious alternatives
34(1)
2.9.1 Geomembrane
34(1)
2.9.2 Asphalt concrete
35(1)
2.10 Construction
35(1)
2.11 Instrumentation
36(1)
2.12 An overall conclusion
37(2)
3 Typical cross sections
39(66)
3.1 International nomenclature
39(1)
3.2 Evolution of compacted CFRDs
39(1)
3.3 Case histories
40(62)
3.3.1 Cethana (Australia, 1971)
40(1)
3.3.2 Alto Anchicaya (Colombia, 1974)
41(3)
3.3.3 Foz do Areia (Brazil, 1980)
44(2)
3.3.4 Aguamilpa (Mexico, 1993)
46(3)
3.3.5 Campos Novos (Brazil, 2006)
49(3)
3.3.6 Shuibuya (China, 2009)
52(3)
3.3.7 Tianshengqiao 1 (China, 1999)
55(1)
3.3.8 Mohale (Lesotho, 2006)
56(2)
3.3.9 Messochora (Greece, 1996)
58(2)
3.3.10 El Cajon (Mexico, 2007)
60(2)
3.3.11 Karahnjukar (Iceland, 2007)
62(2)
3.3.12 Bakun (Malaysia, 2008)
64(2)
3.3.13 Golillas (Colombia, 1978)
66(2)
3.3.14 Segredo (Brazil, 1992)
68(2)
3.3.15 Xingo (Brazil, 1994)
70(3)
3.3.16 Pichi Picun Leufu (Argentina, 1995)
73(2)
3.3.17 Ita (Brazil, 1999)
75(3)
3.3.18 Machadinho (Brazil, 2002)
78(2)
3.3.19 Antamina (Peru, 2002)
80(2)
3.3.20 Itapebi (Brazil, 2003)
82(4)
3.3.21 Quebra-Queixo (Brazil, 2003)
86(2)
3.3.22 Barra Grande (Brazil, 2005)
88(2)
3.3.23 Hengshan (China, 1992)
90(2)
3.3.24 Salvajina (Colombia, 1983)
92(2)
3.3.25 Puclaro (Chile, 2000)
94(2)
3.3.26 Santa Juana (Chile, 1995)
96(2)
3.3.27 Mazar (Ecuador, 2008)
98(1)
3.3.28 Merowe (Sudan, 2008)
99(3)
3.4 Conclusions
102(3)
4 The mechanics of rockfill
105(34)
4.1 Introduction
105(3)
4.2 Rockfill embankments evolution
108(3)
4.3 The compacted rockfill
111(4)
4.4 Rockfills geomechanic properties
115(2)
4.4.1 Intervenient factors
115(1)
4.4.2 Molding problems
116(1)
4.5 Shear strength
117(7)
4.6 Compressibility
124(7)
4.7 Collapse
131(1)
4.8 Creep
131(2)
4.9 Rockfills as construction materials
133(2)
4.9.1 Some of rockfills used in ECRDs and CFRDs
134(1)
4.10 Appendix - Machadinho Dam
135(4)
5 Stability
139(14)
5.1 Static stability
139(3)
5.2 Safety factors for typical rockfills embankments
142(3)
5.3 Stability in seismic areas
145(3)
5.3.1 Seismic safety factor
146(2)
5.4 Dynamic analysis
148(1)
5.5 Seismic design selection
149(1)
5.6 Slope stability
150(1)
5.7 Permanent deformations
151(2)
6 Seepage through rockfills
153(38)
6.1 Introduction
153(1)
6.2 Theories on flow through rockfills
154(8)
6.3 Critical aspects for stability
162(14)
6.3.1 Flows
162(2)
6.3.2 Downstream slope stability
164(3)
6.3.3 Critical gradient
167(6)
6.3.4 The effects of anisotropy
173(2)
6.3.5 Discharge
175(1)
6.4 Some historical precedents
176(2)
6.5 Leakage measured in CFRDs
178(6)
6.5.1 Foundation flows
179(2)
6.5.2 Finite element analysis
181(1)
6.5.3 Anisotropic effects on CFRDs
182(1)
6.5.4 Flow-related conclusions
183(1)
6.6 Design of CFRDs for throughflow control
184(2)
6.6.1 Zoning
184(1)
6.6.2 The ideal rockfill
184(1)
6.6.3 Deviations from the "ideal rockfill"
185(1)
6.6.4 Practical recommendations
186(1)
6.7 Reinforced rockfill
186(5)
7 Foundation treatment
191(10)
7.1 Plinth foundation
191(4)
7.2 Plinth stability
195(2)
7.3 Foundation transitions
197(1)
7.4 Rockfill foundation
198(1)
7.4.1 River bed
198(1)
7.4.2 On the abutments
198(1)
7.5 Grouting
199(2)
8 Plinth, slab and joints
201(24)
8.1 Plinth
201(5)
8.1.1 Design concept
201(1)
8.1.2 Width
201(2)
8.1.3 Thickness
203(1)
8.1.4 Plinth-slab connection
203(1)
8.1.5 Features and practices
204(1)
8.1.6 Foundation on deformable structure - Hengshan case
204(1)
8.1.7 Transversal joints
205(1)
8.1.8 Foundation treatment and regularization
206(1)
8.2 Slab
206(13)
8.2.1 Slab design concept
206(1)
8.2.2 New impermeability concepts
207(2)
8.2.3 Slab thickness
209(2)
8.2.4 Joint sealing
211(8)
8.3 Reinforcement design
219(1)
8.4 Crest parapet wall and freeboard
219(2)
8.5 Fissures, cracks, and failures - treatments
221(3)
8.6 Drainage near the plinth
224(1)
9 Instrumentation
225(20)
9.1 Introduction
225(1)
9.2 Monitoring parameters
226(10)
9.2.1 Dam movements
226(1)
9.2.2 Monitoring rockfill displacements
227(3)
9.2.3 Surface movements
230(1)
9.2.4 Pore pressure
230(1)
9.2.5 Leakage control
231(1)
9.2.6 Slab deflections and strain X stress control
232(4)
9.2.7 Permanent instrumentation houses
236(1)
9.3 Monitoring and maintenance care
236(2)
9.4 Final considerations
238(7)
10 CFRD performance
245(22)
10.1 Introduction
245(2)
10.2 Settlement
247(3)
10.3 Correlations between settlement, dam height and valley shape
250(2)
10.4 Horizontal displacements
252(4)
10.5 Combined movements
256(1)
10.6 Face deflection
257(3)
10.7 Vertical compressibility modulus (Ev) and transversal modulus (ET)
260(2)
10.8 Tri-dimensional displacements
262(2)
10.9 Conclusions
264(3)
11 Numerical analysis and its applications
267(30)
11.1 Introduction
267(1)
11.2 Engineering properties of rockfill material
268(1)
11.3 Rockfill material constitutive models
269(5)
11.3.1 Non-linear elastic model
270(1)
11.3.2 Duncan-Chang's hyperbola model
271(1)
11.3.3 Modified Naylor's K-G model
272(1)
11.3.4 Elasto-plastic model
272(2)
11.4 CFRD numerical analyses methods
274(2)
11.4.1 Simulation of surface contact and joints
274(2)
11.4.2 Simulation of construction steps and reservoir impounding sequence
276(1)
11.5 Application of numerical analyses on CFRDs
276(14)
11.5.1 The contribution of the numerical analyses for improving CFRDs designs
276(1)
11.5.2 Understanding the stress-strain status of the dam
277(1)
11.5.3 Understanding the stress status of face slab
277(1)
11.5.4 Predicting the displacement of joints
278(1)
11.5.5 Case studies
279(11)
11.6 Closing remarks
290(1)
11.7 Numerical analyses applied to Brazilian CFRDs
290(7)
12 Construction features
297(36)
12.1 Introduction
297(1)
12.2 General aspects
297(1)
12.3 Plinth construction
298(1)
12.4 Excavation
299(1)
12.4.1 Excavation on sound rock
299(1)
12.4.2 Excavation in weathered rock
299(1)
12.4.3 Excavation in saprolite
300(1)
12.4.4 On alluvium
300(1)
12.5 Concrete construction
300(8)
12.5.1 Concrete type
302(1)
12.5.2 Forms type
302(1)
12.5.3 Articulated plinth
303(1)
12.5.4 Diaphragm wall
303(3)
12.5.5 Grouting
306(2)
12.6 River diversion
308(7)
12.6.1 Diversion strategy
310(1)
12.6.2 Priority sections
310(1)
12.6.3 Stages
310(3)
12.6.4 Scheduling
313(2)
12.7 Embankment construction
315(3)
12.7.1 Types of fill
315(1)
12.7.2 Embankment zoning
316(2)
12.8 Fill construction
318(5)
12.8.1 Placing layers
318(1)
12.8.2 Compaction
318(3)
12.8.3 Ramping
321(1)
12.8.4 Dumping under water
321(1)
12.8.5 Stage construction
322(1)
12.9 Slab construction
323(9)
12.9.1 Surface preparation
323(1)
12.9.2 Conventional slope protection
323(1)
12.9.3 Concrete extruded curb
324(1)
12.9.4 Mortar pads
325(1)
12.9.5 Waterstops
325(1)
12.9.6 Mastic
326(1)
12.9.7 Concrete
327(5)
12.10 Outputs
332(1)
References 333(8)
Colour plates 341
Paulo Teixeira da Cruz, BS in Civil Engineering from Mackenzie University School of Engineering (1957); holds both a Masters from MIT and a PhD degree in Geotechnical engineering from University of Sćo Paulo where he has worked for over 40 years. His first work with dams was in the historical Trźs Marias Dam and in the past 50 years of his professional life he has worked on countless dams all over Brazil. Mr. Cruz was in the board of consultants for the Campos Novos Dam and since the 80s he has been rendering his expertise as an independent consultant. He is the author of 100 Brazilian Dams history cases, material, construction, and design (1996) in which the ever so evident Brazilian know-how in dams design and construction is consolidated. Nowadays, Mr. Cruz is the actual Vice-President of the CFRD International Society.

Bayardo Materón, Civil Engineer graduate from Cauca University, Popayįn, Colombia (1960), he holds a MSc degree in Civil Engineering from Purdue University, Indiana, USA (1965). He works as a consulting engineer in the field of rockfill dams and hydro power construction methods. Since the completion of Alto Anchicayį CFRD in 1974, he has been involved with many leading engineering organizations on design and construction of rockfill dams and hydro projects. Member of several boards of consultants for different projects under construction, Mr. Materón is the actual President of the CFRD International Society. He has participated in the design and construction of the worlds highest CFRDs such as Alto Anchicayį, Salvajina, Porce III, Rancherķa (Colombia); Foz do Areia, Xingó, Segredo, Itį, Itapebi, Machadinho, Campos Novos, Barra Grande (Brazil); Aguamilpa, El Cajón, La Yesca, La Parota (Mexico); Antamina, Torata, Olmos (Peru); Caracoles, Punta Negra (Argentina); Messochora (Greece); Kannaviou (Cyprus); Bakśn (Malaysia); Mohale (Lesotho, Africa); Tiangshenqiao 1 (China); Merowe (Sudan); Berg River, Braamhoek (South Africa); Santa Juana, Puclaro, Punilla, Ancoa, Carén (Chile); Kįrahnjśkar (Iceland); and Siah Bishe (Iran).

Manoel de Souza Freitas Jr., BS in Civil Engineering (1969), from Sćo Carlos School of Engineering, University of Sćo Paulo, Brazil. Since 1970 has participated in several dams project designs and construction activities in water supply and hydroelectric power generation as a geotechnical engineer. Nowadays, he is an independent consultant for several construction companies and a consultant for the World Bank and Inter American Bank in hydro projects in Brazil. Mr. Freitas has participated in the Tianshengqiao 1 Project (1,200 MW, P. R. China) as a Chief Engineer and Manager, and has been working as an independent consultant for several large CFRDs such as Barra Grande, Campos Novos, and Mazar (Republic of Ecuador).